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Vásquez-Pérez JM, González-Guevara E, Gutiérrez-Buenabad D, Martínez-Gopar PE, Martinez-Lazcano JC, Cárdenas G. Is Nasal Dysbiosis a Required Component for Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder? Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04375-2. [PMID: 39120823 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Human microbiota is known to influence immune and cerebral responses by direct and/or indirect mechanisms, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signaling, activation of neural afferent circuits to the brain, and by altering the peripheral immune responses (cellular and humoral immune function, circulatory inflammatory cells, and the production of several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species). The inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or paranasal sinuses (chronic rhinosinusitis) are dual conditions related with a greater risk for developing depression. In the nasal cavity, anatomic components of the olfactive function are in direct contact with the CNS through the olfactory receptors, neurons, and axons that end in the olfactory bulb and the entorhinal cortex. Local microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) are linked to transepithelial translocation of microorganisms and their metabolites, which disrupts the epithelial barrier and favors vascular permeability, increasing the levels of several inflammatory molecules (both cytokines and non-cytokine mediators: extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and neuropeptides), triggering local inflammation (rhinitis) and the spread of these components into the central nervous system (neuroinflammation). In this review, we discuss the role of microbiota-related immunity in conditions affecting the nasal mucosa (chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis) and their relevance in major depressive disorders, focusing on the few mechanisms known to be involved and providing some hypothetical proposals on the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Manuel Vásquez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edith González-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Gutiérrez-Buenabad
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Eliasib Martínez-Gopar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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2
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Conway AE, Verdi M, Kartha N, Maddukuri C, Anagnostou A, Abrams EM, Bansal P, Bukstein D, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Oppenheimer J, Madan JC, Garnaat SL, Bernstein JA, Shaker MS. Allergic Diseases and Mental Health. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024:S2213-2198(24)00580-4. [PMID: 38851487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms have long been acknowledged as a common comorbidity for individuals with allergic diseases. The proposed mechanisms for this relationship vary by disease and patient population and may include neuroinflammation and/or the consequent social implications of disease symptoms and management. We review connections between mental health and allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, vocal cord dysfunction, urticaria, and food allergy. Many uncertainties remain and warrant further research, particularly with regard to how medications interact with pathophysiologic mechanisms of allergic disease in the neuroimmune axis. Proactive screening for mental health challenges, using tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder screening instruments among others, can aid clinicians in identifying patients who may need further psychiatric evaluation and support. Although convenient, symptom screening tools are limited by variable sensitivity and specificity and therefore require healthcare professionals to remain vigilant for other mental health "red flags." Ultimately, understanding the connection between allergic disease and mental health empowers clinicians to both anticipate and serve the diverse physical and mental health needs of their patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Navya Kartha
- Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | | | - Aikaterini Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Priya Bansal
- Asthma and Allergy Wellness Center, St. Charles, Ill; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Don Bukstein
- Allergy, Asthma, and Sinus Center, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Juliette C Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Sarah L Garnaat
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH; Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marcus S Shaker
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Lebanon, NH.
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3
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Lin S, Nie M, Wang B, Duan S, Huang Q, Wu N, Chen Z, Zhao H, Han Y. Intrinsic brain abnormalities in chronic rhinosinusitis associated with mood and cognitive function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1131114. [PMID: 36968506 PMCID: PMC10036396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1131114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) poses a risk for developing emotional and cognitive disorders. However, the neural evidence for this association is largely unclear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analysis can demonstrate abnormal brain activity and functional connectivity and contribute to explaining the potential pathophysiology of CRS-related mood and cognitive alterations.MethodsChronic rhinosinusitis patients (CRS, n = 26) and gender- and age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs, n = 38) underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was calculated to observe the intrinsic brain activity. The brain region with altered ALFF was further selected as the seed for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Correlation analysis was performed between the ALFF/FC and clinical parameters in CRS patients.ResultsCompared with HCs, CRS patients exhibited significantly increased ALFF in the left orbital superior frontal cortex and reduced connectivity in the right precuneus using the orbital superior frontal cortex as the seed region. The magnitude of the orbital superior frontal cortex increased with inflammation severity. In addition, ALFF values in the orbital superior frontal cortex were positively correlated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores. The ROC curves of altered brain regions indicated great accuracy in distinguishing between CRS patients and HCs.ConclusionIn this study, patients with CRS showed increased neural activity in the orbital superior frontal cortex, a critical region in emotional regulation, and this region also indicated hypoconnectivity to the precuneus with a central role in modulating cognition. This study provided preliminary insights into the potential neural mechanism related to mood and cognitive dysfunctions in CRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Miaomiao Nie
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingshan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaoyin Duan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianwen Huang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Naiming Wu
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhishang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hengyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Hengyu Zhao,
| | - Yi Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Han,
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Consonni A, Miglietti M, De Luca CMG, Cazzaniga FA, Ciullini A, Dellarole IL, Bufano G, Di Fonzo A, Giaccone G, Baggi F, Moda F. Approaching the Gut and Nasal Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease in the Era of the Seed Amplification Assays. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1579. [PMID: 36421902 PMCID: PMC9688507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder often associated with pre-motor symptoms involving both gastrointestinal and olfactory tissues. PD patients frequently suffer from hyposmia, hyposalivation, dysphagia and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. During the last few years it has been speculated that microbial agents could play a crucial role in PD. In particular, alterations of the microbiota composition (dysbiosis) might contribute to the formation of misfolded α-synuclein, which is believed to be the leading cause of PD. However, while several findings confirmed that there might be an important link between intestinal microbiota alterations and PD onset, little is known about the potential contribution of the nasal microbiota. Here, we describe the latest findings on this topic by considering that more than 80% of patients with PD develop remarkable olfactory deficits in their prodromal disease stage. Therefore, the nasal microbiota might contribute to PD, eventually boosting the gut microbiota in promoting disease onset. Finally, we present the applications of the seed amplification assays to the study of the gut and olfactory mucosa of PD patients, and how they could be exploited to investigate whether pathogenic bacteria present in the gut and the nose might promote α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Consonni
- Division of Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Miglietti
- Division of Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Angelo Cazzaniga
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Ciullini
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Linda Dellarole
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bufano
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Division of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Baggi
- Division of Neurology 4-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Division of Neurology 5-Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
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The Changes in Bacterial Microbiome Associated with Immune Disorder in Allergic Respiratory Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102066. [PMID: 36296340 PMCID: PMC9610723 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic respiratory disease is a worldwide and increasingly prevalent health problem. Many researchers have identified complex changes in the microbiota of the respiratory and intestinal tracts in patients with allergic respiratory diseases. These affect immune response and influence the progression of disease. However, the diversity of bacterial changes in such cases make it difficult to identify a specific microorganism to target for adjustment. Recent research evidence suggests that common bacterial variations present in allergic respiratory disease are associated with immune disorders. This finding could lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets in cases of allergic respiratory disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of bacteria changes in cases of allergic respiratory disease, to identify changes commonly associated with immune disorders, and thus provide a theoretical basis for targeting therapies of allergic respiratory disease through effective modulation of key bacteria.
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Xie J, Tian S, Liu J, Cao R, Yue P, Cai X, Shang Q, Yang M, Han L, Zhang DK. Dual role of the nasal microbiota in neurological diseases—An unignorable risk factor or a potential therapy carrier. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Klingler AI, Stevens WW, Tan BK, Peters AT, Poposki JA, Grammer LC, Welch KC, Smith SS, Conley DB, Kern RC, Schleimer RP, Kato A. Mechanisms and biomarkers of inflammatory endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1306-1317. [PMID: 33326802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a common disease that is characterized by multiple inflammatory endotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms in CRSsNP are poorly understood compared with those of polypoid CRS. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify mechanisms and biomarkers associated with inflammatory endotypes underpinning CRSsNP. METHODS Ethmoid tissues and nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) were obtained from control patients and patients with CRS. The gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, and expression of proteins was measured by ELISA and Luminex analysis. RESULTS Microarray found that compared with their levels of expression in control tissue, the levels of expression of 126, 241, and 545 genes were more than 3-fold and significantly elevated in CRSsNP with type 1 (T1) endotype, type 2 (T2) endotype, and type 3 (T3) endotype, respectively. Selected identified genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that T1 CRSsNP was associated with IFN-γ signaling and antiviral immunity controlled by T cells (TH1 and CD8+), natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells; T2 CRSsNP was associated with STAT6 signaling and IgE-mediated activation controlled by eosinophils, mast cells, TH2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, and antigen-presenting cells; and T3 CRSsNP was associated with IL-17 signaling, acute inflammatory response, complement-mediated inflammation, and infection controlled by neutrophils, TH17 cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells. The results suggest that T1 (CXCL9 and CXCL10), T2 (eosinophilic proteins and CCL26), and T3 (CSF3) endotypic biomarkers in NLF may be able to distinguish tissue endotypes in CRSsNP. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory endotypes in CRSsNP were controlled by different molecular mechanisms. NLF biomarker assays may allow for more precise and personalized medical treatments in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko I Klingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Julie A Poposki
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie S Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Chen YW, Li SW, Lin CD, Huang MZ, Lin HJ, Chin CY, Lai YR, Chiu CH, Yang CY, Lai CH. Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Alters Pulmonary Microbiota Composition and Aggravates Pneumococcus-Induced Lung Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:570484. [PMID: 33195201 PMCID: PMC7649221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.570484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2. 5) is closely correlated with respiratory diseases. Microbiota plays a key role in maintaining body homeostasis including regulation of host immune status and metabolism. As reported recently, PM2. 5 exposure causes microbiota dysbiosis and thus promotes disease progression. However, whether PM2. 5 alters pulmonary microbiota distribution and aggravates bacteria-induced pathogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we used mouse experimental models of PM2. 5 exposure combined with Streptococcus pneumonia infection. We characterized the airway microbiota of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon on the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by a combination of bioinformatics and statistical analyses. Shannon-diversity index, observed ASVs, and Fisher's diversity index indicated that microbiota richness was significantly decreased in the mice treated with either PM2. 5 or pneumococcus when compared with the control group. The genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Granulicatella were remarkably increased in mice exposed to PM2. 5 combined with pneumococcal infection as compared to mice with pneumococcal infection alone. Histopathological examination exhibited that a more pronounced inflammation was present in lungs of mice treated with PM2. 5 and pneumococcus than that in mouse groups exposed to either PM2. 5 or pneumococcal infection alone. Our results demonstrate that PM2. 5 alters the microbiota composition, thereby enhancing susceptibility to pneumococcal infection and exacerbating lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Chin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Smith TL. Tumor surgery, the microbiome, and anaphylaxis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:571-572. [PMID: 31173677 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Hoggard M, Vesty A, Wong G, Montgomery JM, Fourie C, Douglas RG, Biswas K, Taylor MW. Characterizing the Human Mycobiota: A Comparison of Small Subunit rRNA, ITS1, ITS2, and Large Subunit rRNA Genomic Targets. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2208. [PMID: 30283425 PMCID: PMC6157398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the human microbiome has increased dramatically in the last decade. However, much of this research has focused on bacteria, while the composition and roles of their fungal counterparts remain less understood. Furthermore, a variety of methodological approaches have been applied, and the comparability between studies is unclear. This study compared four primer pairs targeting the small subunit (SSU) rRNA (18S), ITS1, ITS2, and large subunit (LSU) rRNA (26S) genomic regions for their ability to accurately characterize fungal communities typical of the human mycobiota. All four target regions of 21 individual fungal mock community taxa were capable of being amplified adequately and sequenced. Mixed mock community analyses revealed marked variability in the ability of each primer pair to accurately characterize a complex community. ITS target regions outperformed LSU and SSU. Of the ITS regions, ITS1 failed to generate sequences for Yarrowia lipolytica and all three Malassezia species when in a mixed community. These findings were further supported in studies of human sinonasal and mouse fecal samples. Based on these analyses, previous studies using ITS1, SSU, or LSU markers may omit key taxa that are identified by the ITS2 marker. Of methods commonly used in human mycobiota studies to date, we recommend selection of the ITS2 marker. Further investigation of more recently developed fungal primer options will be essential to ultimately determine the optimal methodological approach by which future human mycobiota studies ought to be standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoggard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Vesty
- School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Microbiology Laboratory, LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Giselle Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chantelle Fourie
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard G Douglas
- School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Wormald PJ. Can a postnasal drip can be aspirated into the lungs? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:367-368. [PMID: 29424124 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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