1
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Xing X, Li Z, Xu J, Chen AZ, Archer M, Wang Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Zhu M, Qin Q, Thottappillil N, Zhou M, James AW. Requirement of Pdgfrα+ cells for calvarial bone repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:791-802. [PMID: 38986535 PMCID: PMC11328938 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) is often considered as a general marker of mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts, but also shows expression in a portion of osteoprogenitor cells. Within the skeleton, Pdgfrα+ mesenchymal cells have been identified in bone marrow and periosteum of long bones, where they play a crucial role in participating in fracture repair. A similar examination of Pdgfrα+ cells in calvarial bone healing has not been examined. Here, we utilize Pdgfrα-CreERTM;mT/mG reporter animals to examine the contribution of Pdgfrα+ mesenchymal cells to calvarial bone repair through histology and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). Results showed that Pdgfrα+ mesenchymal cells are present in several cell clusters by scRNA-Seq, and by histology a dramatic increase in Pdgfrα+ cells populated the defect site at early timepoints to give rise to healed bone tissue overtime. Notably, diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of Pdgfrα reporter+ cells resulted in significantly impaired calvarial bone healing. Our findings suggest that Pdgfrα-expressing cells within the calvarial niche play a critical role in the process of calvarial bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Austin Z Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Mary Archer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Neelima Thottappillil
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Myles Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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2
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Brookins E, Serrano SE, Hyder Z, Yacu GS, Finer G, Thomson BR. Non-endothelial expression of Endomucin in the mouse and human choroid. Exp Eye Res 2024:110054. [PMID: 39153592 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Endomucin (EMCN) is a 261 amino acid transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by venous and capillary endothelial cells where it plays a role in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and regulation of immune cell recruitment. However, it is better known as a histological marker, where it has become widespread due to the commercial availability of high-quality antibodies that work under a wide range of conditions and in many tissues. The specificity of EMCN staining has been well-validated in retinal vessels, but while it has been used extensively as a marker in other tissues of the eye, including the choroid, the pattern of expression has not been described in detail. Here, in addition to endothelial expression in the choriocapillaris and deeper vascular layers, we characterize a population of EMCN-positive perivascular cells in the mouse choroid that did not co-localize with cells expressing other endothelial markers such as PECAM1 or PODXL. To confirm that these cells represented a new population of EMCN-expressing stromal cells, we then performed single cell RNA sequencing in choroids from adult wild-type mice. Analysis of this new dataset confirmed that, in addition to endothelial cells, Emcn mRNA expression was present in choroidal pericytes and a subset of fibroblasts, but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Besides Emcn, no known endothelial gene expression was detected in these cell populations, confirming that they did not represent endothelial-stromal doublets, a common technical artifact in single cell RNA seq datasets. Instead, choroidal Emcn-expressing fibroblasts exhibited high levels of chemokine and interferon signaling genes, while Emcn-negative fibroblasts were enriched in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. Emcn expressing fibroblasts were also detected in published datasets from mouse brain and human choroid, suggesting that stromal Emcn expression was not unique to the choroid and was evolutionarily conserved. Together, these findings highlight unique fibroblast and pericyte populations in the choroid and provide new context for the role of EMCN in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse Brookins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia E Serrano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zain Hyder
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - George S Yacu
- Lurie Children's Hospital Department of Nephrology and Stanley Manne Children's Research Inst., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gal Finer
- Lurie Children's Hospital Department of Nephrology and Stanley Manne Children's Research Inst., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin R Thomson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Inst. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Li X, Lv Q, Liu P, Han G, Yu S. Understanding of Endomucin: a Multifaceted Glycoprotein Functionality in Vascular Inflammatory-Related Diseases, Bone Diseases and Cancers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400061. [PMID: 38955667 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Endomucin (MUC14), encoded by EMCN gene, is an O-glycosylated transmembrane mucin that is mainly found in venous endothelial cells (ECs) and highly expressed in type H vessels of bone tissue. Its main biological functions include promoting endothelial generation and migration through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway and inhibiting the adhesion of inflammatory cells to ECs. In addition, it induces angiogenesis and promotes bone formation. Due to the excellent functions of Endomucin in the above aspects, it provides a new research target for the treatment of vascular inflammatory-related diseases and bone diseases. Based on the current understanding of its function, the research of Endomucin mainly focuses on the above two diseases. As it is known, the progression of cancer is closely related to angiogenesis. Endomucin recently is found to be differentially expressed in a variety of tumors and correlated with survival rate. The biological role of Endomucin in cancer is opaque. This article introduces the research progress of Endomucin in vascular inflammatory-related diseases and bone diseases, discusses its application value and prospect in the treatment, and collects the latest research situation of Endomucin in tumors, to provide meaningful evidence for expanding the research field of Endomucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guiping Han
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
- Heilongjiang Mental Hospital, Harbin, 150036, China
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4
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Stairley RA, Trouten AM, Li S, Roddy PL, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Lee KH, Sucov HM, Liu C, Tao G. Anti-Ferroptotic Treatment Deteriorates Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting Angiogenesis and Altering Immune Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:769. [PMID: 39061839 PMCID: PMC11273385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes have limited regenerative ability. Cardiac disease, such as congenital heart disease and myocardial infarction, causes an initial loss of cardiomyocytes through regulated cell death (RCD). Understanding the mechanisms that govern RCD in the injured myocardium is crucial for developing therapeutics to promote heart regeneration. We previously reported that ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic and iron-dependent form of RCD, is the main contributor to cardiomyocyte death in the injured heart. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the preference for ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, we examined the effects of anti-ferroptotic reagents in infarcted mouse hearts. The results revealed that the anti-ferroptotic reagent did not improve neonatal heart regeneration, and further compromised the cardiac function of juvenile hearts. On the other hand, ferroptotic cardiomyocytes played a supportive role during wound healing by releasing pro-angiogenic factors. The inhibition of ferroptosis in the regenerating mouse heart altered the immune and angiogenic responses. Our study provides insights into the preference for ferroptosis over other types of RCD in stressed cardiomyocytes, and guidance for designing anti-cell-death therapies for treating heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Stairley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.A.S.); (A.M.T.); (S.L.); (P.L.R.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Allison M. Trouten
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.A.S.); (A.M.T.); (S.L.); (P.L.R.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.A.S.); (A.M.T.); (S.L.); (P.L.R.); (H.M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Patrick L. Roddy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.A.S.); (A.M.T.); (S.L.); (P.L.R.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Kristine Y. DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine Digestive Disease Research Core Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Henry M. Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.A.S.); (A.M.T.); (S.L.); (P.L.R.); (H.M.S.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.A.S.); (A.M.T.); (S.L.); (P.L.R.); (H.M.S.)
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5
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Dror S, Lucotti S, Asao T, Li J, Wortzel I, Berger LS, Matei I, Boudreau N, Zhang H, Jones D, Bromberg J, Lyden D. Tumour-derived Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Reprogramming of Interstitial Macrophages in the Lung Pre-Metastatic Niche Enhances Vascular Permeability and Metastatic Potential. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4462139. [PMID: 38853850 PMCID: PMC11160910 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4462139/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are pivotal mediators of pre-metastatic niche formation and cancer progression, including induction of vascular permeability, which facilitates tumor cell extravasation and metastasis. However, the mechanisms through which EVPs exert this effect remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel mechanism by which tumor EVPs enhance endothelial cell permeability, tumor extravasation, and lung metastasis to different degrees, depending on tumor type. Strikingly, vascular leakiness is observed within 48h following tumor implantation and as early as one hour following intravenous injection of tumour-derived EVPs in naïve mice. Surprisingly, rather than acting directly on endothelial cells, EVPs first activate interstitial macrophages (IMs) leading to activation of JAK/STAT signaling and IL-6 secretion in IMs which subsequently promote endothelial permeability. Depletion of IMs significantly reduces tumour-derived EVP-dependent vascular leakiness and metastatic potential. Tumour EVPs that strongly induce vascular leakiness express high levels of ITGα5, and ITGα5 ablation impairs IM activation, cytokine secretion, and subsequently vascular permeability and metastasis. Importantly, IL-6 expression is elevated in IMs from non-involved tumor-adjacent lung tissue compared to distal lung tissue in lung cancer patients, highlight the clinical relevance of our discovery. Our findings identify a key role for IM activation as an initiating step in tumor type-specific EVP-driven vascular permeability and metastasis, offering promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Dror
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetsuhiko Asao
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jianlong Li
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inbal Wortzel
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lee Shaashua Berger
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Boudreau
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Jones
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Mehl J, Farahani SK, Brauer E, Klaus‐Bergmann A, Thiele T, Ellinghaus A, Bartels‐Klein E, Koch K, Schmidt‐Bleek K, Petersen A, Gerhardt H, Vogel V, Duda GN. External Mechanical Stability Regulates Hematoma Vascularization in Bone Healing Rather than Endothelial YAP/TAZ Mechanotransduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307050. [PMID: 38273642 PMCID: PMC10987120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is regulated by mechanobiological cues. Both, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and microvascular assembly determine the dynamics of the regenerative processes. Mechanical instability as by inter-fragmentary shear or compression is known to influence early ECM formation and wound healing. However, it remains unclear how these external cues shape subsequent ECM and microvascular network assembly. As transcriptional coactivators, the mechanotransducers yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) translate physical cues into downstream signaling events, yet their role in sprouting angiogenesis into the hematoma after injury is unknown. Using bone healing as model system for scar-free regeneration, the role of endothelial YAP/TAZ in combination with tuning the extrinsic mechanical stability via fracture fixation is investigated. Extrinsically imposed shear across the gap delayed hematoma remodeling and shaped the morphology of early collagen fiber orientations and microvascular networks, suggesting that enhanced shear increased the nutrient exchange in the hematoma. In contrast, endothelial YAP/TAZ deletion has little impact on the overall vascularization of the fracture gap, yet slightly increases the collagen fiber deposition under semi-rigid fixation. Together, these data provide novel insights into the respective roles of endothelial YAP/TAZ and extrinsic mechanical cues in orchestrating the process of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mehl
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Saeed Khomeijani Farahani
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Erik Brauer
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Alexandra Klaus‐Bergmann
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Tobias Thiele
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Agnes Ellinghaus
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Eireen Bartels‐Klein
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Katharina Koch
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Katharina Schmidt‐Bleek
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology LaboratoryMax‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association13125BerlinGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partnersite Berlin10785BerlinGermany
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative TherapiesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin13353BerlinGermany
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7
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Brookins E, Serrano SE, Yacu GS, Finer G, Thomson BR. Non-endothelial expression of Endomucin in the mouse and human choroid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584133. [PMID: 38559191 PMCID: PMC10979916 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Endomucin (EMCN) is a 261 AA transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by venous and capillary endothelial cells where it plays a role in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and regulation of immune cell recruitment. However, it is better known as a histological marker, where it has become widespread due to the commercial availability of high-quality antibodies that work under a wide range of conditions and in many tissues. The specificity of EMCN staining has been well-validated in retinal vessels, but while it has been used extensively as a marker in other tissues of the eye, including the choroid, the pattern of expression has not been described in detail. Here, in addition to endothelial expression in the choriocapillaris and deeper vascular layers, we characterize a population of EMCN-positive perivascular cells in the mouse choroid that did not co-localize with cells expressing other endothelial markers such as PECAM1 or PODXL. To confirm that these cells represented a new population of EMCN-expressing stromal cells, we then performed single cell RNA sequencing in choroids from adult wild-type mice. Analysis of this new dataset confirmed that, in addition to endothelial cells, Emcn mRNA expression was present in choroidal pericytes and a subset of fibroblasts, but not vascular smooth muscle cells. Besides Emcn , no known endothelial gene expression was detected in these cell populations, confirming that they did not represent endothelial-stromal doublets, a common technical artifact in single cell RNA seq datasets. Instead, choroidal Emcn -expressing fibroblasts exhibited high levels of chemokine and interferon signaling genes, while Emcn -negative fibroblasts were enriched in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins. Emcn expressing fibroblasts were also detected in published datasets from mouse brain and human choroid, suggesting that stromal Emcn expression was not unique to the choroid and was evolutionarily conserved. Together, these findings highlight unique fibroblast and pericyte populations in the choroid and provide new context for the role of EMCN in angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment.
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8
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Li X, Lozovatsky L, Tommasini SM, Fretz J, Finberg KE. Bone marrow sinusoidal endothelial cells are a site of Fgf23 upregulation in a mouse model of iron deficiency anemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5156-5171. [PMID: 37417950 PMCID: PMC10480544 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a potent stimulator of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a hormonal regulator of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, that is classically thought to be produced by bone-embedded osteocytes. Here, we show that iron-deficient transmembrane serine protease 6 knockout (Tmprss6-/-) mice exhibit elevated circulating FGF23 and Fgf23 messenger RNA (mRNA) upregulation in the bone marrow (BM) but not the cortical bone. To clarify sites of Fgf23 promoter activity in Tmprss6-/- mice, we introduced a heterozygous enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter allele at the endogenous Fgf23 locus. Heterozygous Fgf23 disruption did not alter the severity of systemic iron deficiency or anemia in the Tmprss6-/- mice. Tmprss6-/-Fgf23+/eGFP mice showed green fluorescence in the vascular regions of BM sections and showed a subset of BM endothelial cells that were GFPbright by flow cytometry. Mining of transcriptomic data sets from mice with normal iron balance revealed higher Fgf23 mRNA in BM sinusoidal endothelial cells (BM-SECs) than that in other BM endothelial cell populations. Anti-GFP immunohistochemistry of fixed BM sections from Tmprss6-/-Fgf23+/eGFP mice revealed GFP expression in BM-SECs, which was more intense than in nonanemic controls. In addition, in mice with intact Tmprss6 alleles, Fgf23-eGFP reporter expression increased in BM-SECs following large-volume phlebotomy and also following erythropoietin treatment both ex vivo and in vivo. Collectively, our results identified BM-SECs as a novel site for Fgf23 upregulation in both acute and chronic anemia. Given the elevated serum erythropoietin in both anemic models, our findings raise the possibility that erythropoietin may act directly on BM-SECs to promote FGF23 production during anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Steven M. Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jackie Fretz
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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9
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Liu L, Zheng CX, Zhao N, Zhu T, Hu CB, Zhang N, Chen J, Zhang KC, Zhang S, Liu JX, Zhang K, Jing H, Sui BD, Jin Y, Jin F. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregation-Released Extracellular Vesicles Induce CD31 + EMCN + Vessels in Skin Regeneration and Improve Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300019. [PMID: 36999744 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood vessel system is essential for skin homeostasis and regeneration. While the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells has been emergingly revealed, whether a regeneration-relevant vessel subtype exists in skin remains unknown. Herein, a specialized vasculature in skin featured by simultaneous CD31 and EMCN expression contributing to the regeneration process is identified, the decline of which functionally underlies the impaired angiogenesis of diabetic nonhealing wounds. Moreover, enlightened by the developmental process that mesenchymal condensation induces angiogenesis, it is demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell aggregates (CAs) provide an efficacious therapy to enhance regrowth of CD31+ EMCN+ vessels in diabetic wounds, which is surprisingly suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of extracellular vesicle (EV) release. It is further shown that CAs promote secretion of angiogenic protein-enriched EVs by proteomic analysis, which directly exert high efficacy in boosting CD31+ EMCN+ vessels and treating nonhealing diabetic wounds. These results add to the current knowledge on skin vasculature and help establish feasible strategies to benefit wound healing under diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Cheng-Biao Hu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Kai-Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Endodontics, Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Candesartan protects against unilateral peripheral limb ischemia in type-2 diabetic rats: Possible contribution of PI3K-Akt-eNOS-VEGF angiogenic signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109817. [PMID: 36773570 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) is known to be highly associated with increased risk for vascular complications including peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most advanced stage of PAD. Current therapeutic options for diabetic patients experiencing vascular complications are limited to surgical revascularization with no effective pharmacotherapy available for clinical settings. This study is dedicated to evaluate the angiogenic potential of candesartan an angiotensin-II receptor blocker in an experimental model of vascular complications associating T2DM. T2DM was induced in rats through feeding with high fat diet for 6 weeks, followed by injection with streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg; i.p). After establishment of T2DM, unilateral CLI was induced through the ligation and excision of superficial femoral artery. Candesartan treatment (10 or 30 mg/kg; orally) was initiated one day post CLI and thereafter once daily for up to 14 days. T2DM rats that underwent CLI demonstrated impaired angiogenic signaling, increased inflammation and apoptosis in gastrocnemius muscle (GC). Candesartan reversed ischemic insult in T2DM rats subjected to unilateral CLI and induced reparative angiogenesis that was evident by increase in p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, p-eNOS/eNOS, p-VEGFR2/VEGFR2 ratios, and VEGF levels. Candesartan treatment also increased levels of HO-1; while decreased caspase-3 apoptotic marker and levels of inflammatory markers; NF-κB and TNF-α, all of which were accompanied by preserved histological manifestations of GC muscles. Candesartan was able to combat limb ischemia under diabetic conditions which could pave the way for its therapeutic utility for diabetic patients experiencing vascular complications in clinical setting.
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Cui Y, Li Z, Guo Y, Qi X, Yang Y, Jia X, Li R, Shi J, Gao W, Ren Z, Liu G, Ye Q, Zhang Z, Fu D. Bioinspired Nanovesicles Convert the Skeletal Endothelium-Associated Secretory Phenotype to Treat Osteoporosis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11076-11091. [PMID: 35801837 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) were found to play an important role in regulating bone homeostasis. However, few studies utilized BMECs to treat bone metabolic diseases including osteoporosis. Here, we reported bioinspired nanovesicles (BNVs) prepared from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived endothelial cells under hypoxia culture through an extrusion approach. Abundant membrane C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 conferred these BNVs bone-targeting ability and the endothelial homology facilitated the BMEC tropism. Due to their unique endogenous miRNA cargos, these BNVs re-educated BMECs to secret cytokines favoring osteogenesis and anti-inflammation. Owing to the conversion of secretory phenotype, the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells was facilitated, and the M1-macrophage-dominant pro-inflammatory microenvironment was ameliorated in osteoporotic bones. Taken together, this study proposed BMEC-targeting nanovesicles treating osteoporosis via converting the skeletal endothelium-associated secretory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhongying Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
| | - Xiangbei Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiong Jia
- Department of Medical Treatment, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
| | - Weihang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, China
| | - Zhengwei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai 200080, China
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12
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Identification of Type-H-like Blood Vessels in a Dynamic and Controlled Model of Osteogenesis in Rabbit Calvarium. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134703. [PMID: 35806828 PMCID: PMC9267487 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and bone regeneration are closely interconnected processes. Whereas type-H blood vessels are abundantly found in the osteogenic zones during endochondral long bone development, their presence in flat bones’ development involving intramembranous mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that type-H-like capillaries that highly express CD31 and Endomucin (EMCN), may be present at sites of intramembranous bone development and participate in the control of osteogenesis. A rabbit model of calvarial bone augmentation was used in which bone growth was controlled over time (2–4 weeks) using a particulate bone scaffold. The model allowed the visualization of the entire spectrum of stages throughout bone growth in the same sample, i.e., active ossification, osteogenic activity, and controlled inflammation. Using systematic mRNA hybridization, the formation of capillaries subpopulations (CD31–EMCN staining) over time was studied and correlated with the presence of osteogenic precursors (Osterix staining). Type-H-like capillaries strongly expressing CD31 and EMCN were identified and described. Their presence increased gradually from the regenerative zone up to the osteogenic zone, at 2 and 4 weeks. Type-H-like capillaries may thus represent the initial vascular support encountered in flat bones’ development and which organize osteogenic niches.
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