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Hilton JBW, Kysenius K, Liddell JR, Mercer SW, Rautengarten C, Hare DJ, Buncic G, Paul B, Murray SS, McLean CA, Kilpatrick TJ, Beckman JS, Ayton S, Bush AI, White AR, Roberts BR, Donnelly PS, Crouch PJ. Integrated elemental analysis supports targeting copper perturbations as a therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2024:e00432. [PMID: 39164165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating affliction of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves demyelination of neuronal axons and neurodegeneration resulting in disability that becomes more pronounced in progressive forms of the disease. The involvement of neurodegeneration in MS underscores the need for effective neuroprotective approaches necessitating identification of new therapeutic targets. Herein, we applied an integrated elemental analysis workflow to human MS-affected spinal cord tissue utilising multiple inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry methodologies. These analyses revealed shifts in atomic copper as a notable aspect of disease. Complementary gene expression and biochemical analyses demonstrated that changes in copper levels coincided with altered expression of copper handling genes and downstream functionality of cuproenzymes. Copper-related problems observed in the human MS spinal cord were largely reproduced in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model during the acute phase of disease characterised by axonal demyelination, lesion formation, and motor neuron loss. Treatment of EAE mice with the CNS-permeant copper modulating compound CuII(atsm) resulted in recovery of cuproenzyme function, improved myelination and lesion volume, and neuroprotection. These findings support targeting copper perturbations as a therapeutic strategy for MS with CuII(atsm) showing initial promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B W Hilton
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen W Mercer
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Dominic J Hare
- Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Gojko Buncic
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bence Paul
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Elemental Scientific Lasers, LLC, 685 Old Buffalo Trail, Bozeman, MT 59715, United States
| | - Simon S Murray
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Trevor J Kilpatrick
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 97331, United States
| | - Scott Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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2
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Calabrese M, Preziosa P, Scalfari A, Colato E, Marastoni D, Absinta M, Battaglini M, De Stefano N, Di Filippo M, Hametner S, Howell OW, Inglese M, Lassmann H, Martin R, Nicholas R, Reynolds R, Rocca MA, Tamanti A, Vercellino M, Villar LM, Filippi M, Magliozzi R. Determinants and Biomarkers of Progression Independent of Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:1-20. [PMID: 38568026 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and underlies the progression of disability, which proceeds relentlessly and independently of clinical and radiological relapses (PIRA). The complex system of pathological events driving "chronic" worsening is likely linked with the early accumulation of compartmentalized inflammation within the central nervous system as well as insufficient repair phenomena and mitochondrial failure. These mechanisms are partially lesion-independent and differ from those causing clinical relapses and the formation of new focal demyelinating lesions; they lead to neuroaxonal dysfunction and death, myelin loss, glia alterations, and finally, a neuronal network dysfunction outweighing central nervous system (CNS) compensatory mechanisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art of neuropathological, immunological, and imaging knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the smoldering disease activity, focusing on possible early biomarkers and their translation into clinical practice. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Calabrese
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Scalfari
- Centre of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elisa Colato
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Marastoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuropathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Battaglini
- Siena Imaging S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simon Hametner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Owain W Howell
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Dipartimento di neuroscienze, riabilitazione, oftalmologia, genetica e scienze materno-infantili - DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Martin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Therapeutic Design Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cellerys AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Burlington Danes, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Tamanti
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Vercellino
- Multiple Sclerosis Center & Neurologia I U, Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Maria Villar
- Department of Immunology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital. IRYCIS. REI, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Biomedicine and Movement, The Multiple Sclerosis Center of University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Winkler I, Engler JB, Vieira V, Bauer S, Liu YH, Di Liberto G, Grochowska KM, Wagner I, Bier J, Bal LC, Rothammer N, Meurs N, Egervari K, Schattling B, Salinas G, Kreutz MR, Huang YS, Pless O, Merkler D, Friese MA. MicroRNA-92a-CPEB3 axis protects neurons against inflammatory neurodegeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6855. [PMID: 38000031 PMCID: PMC10672163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation causes neuronal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of neuronal stress responses, but knowledge about their contribution to neuronal protection or damage during inflammation is limited. Here, we constructed a regulatory miRNA-mRNA network of inflamed motor neurons by leveraging cell type-specific miRNA and mRNA sequencing of mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found robust induction of miR-92a in inflamed spinal cord neurons and identified cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (Cpeb3) as a key target of miR-92a-mediated posttranscriptional silencing. We detected CPEB3 repression in inflamed neurons in murine EAE and human MS. Moreover, both miR-92a delivery and Cpeb3 deletion protected neuronal cultures against excitotoxicity. Supporting a detrimental effect of Cpeb3 in vivo, neuron-specific deletion in conditional Cpeb3 knockout animals led to reduced inflammation-induced clinical disability in EAE. Together, we identified a neuroprotective miR-92a-Cpeb3 axis in neuroinflammation that might serve as potential treatment target to limit inflammation-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Winkler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vieira
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Simone Bauer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsiang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna M. Grochowska
- Leibniz Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jasmina Bier
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Lukas C. Bal
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Nicola Rothammer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Nina Meurs
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schattling
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Institut of Human Genetics, NGS Integrative Genomics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- Leibniz Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Hamburg 22525, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
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4
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Brotherton EJ, Sabapathy S, Heshmat S, Kavanagh JJ. Voluntary muscle activation in people with multiple sclerosis is reduced across a wide range of forces following maximal effort-fatiguing contractions. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1162-1173. [PMID: 37818597 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00146.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with motor impairment, little is known about how muscle activation is affected with MS. The aim of this study was to use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and motor nerve stimulation to investigate voluntary muscle activation in people with MS across a range of contraction forces. Ten people with MS (39 ± 7 yr) and 10 healthy controls (40 ± 5 yr) performed elbow flexions at target contraction forces of 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) while electromyography (EMG) of the biceps brachii was recorded. Sustained elbow flexion MVCs were then performed until force declined to 60% of baseline MVC, where the target contraction forces were again examined but after the sustained MVC. Following the sustained MVC, there was a reduction in biceps EMG amplitude (P < 0.01) and motor cortical voluntary activation (P < 0.01) for the MS group across all contraction intensities. There was also an increase in the rate of torque development for motor nerve-resting twitches in the MS group following the sustained MVC (P = 0.03). Despite the MS group reporting higher fatigue severity scale scores (P < 0.01), disease duration was a better predictor of muscle activation for the MS group (r = -0.757, P = 0.01). These findings indicate that voluntary muscle activation is compromised in people with MS following maximal effort contractions, which may be associated with disease duration rather than self-reports of fatigue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We use transcranial magnetic stimulation to demonstrate that people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) have a reduced ability to activate muscles following maximal effort-fatiguing contractions. A reduced ability to activate the elbow flexor muscles after a fatiguing contraction was associated with disease duration and not self-reported levels of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Brotherton
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Surendran Sabapathy
- Discipline of Exercise & Sport, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saman Heshmat
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justin J Kavanagh
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Courter RJ, Alvarez E, Enoka RM, Ahmed AA. Metabolic costs of walking and arm reaching in persons with mild multiple sclerosis. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:819-832. [PMID: 36883754 PMCID: PMC10085565 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00373.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement slowness is a common and disruptive symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). A potential cause is that individuals with MS slow down to conserve energy as a behavioral adjustment to heightened metabolic costs of movement. To investigate this prospect, we measured the metabolic costs of both walking and seated arm reaching at five speeds in persons with mild MS (pwMS; n = 13; 46.0 ± 7.7 yr) and sex- and age-matched controls (HCs; n = 13; 45.8 ± 7.8 yr). Notably, the cohort of pwMS was highly mobile and no individuals required a cane or aid when walking. We found that the net metabolic power of walking was approximately 20% higher for pwMS across all speeds (P = 0.0185). In contrast, we found no differences in the gross power of reaching between pwMS and HCs (P = 0.492). Collectively, our results suggest that abnormal slowness of movement in MS-particularly reaching-is not the consequence of heightened effort costs and that other sensorimotor mechanisms are playing a considerable role in slowing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) often move more slowly than those without the disease. A possible cause is that movements in MS are more energetically expensive and slowing is an adaptation to conserve metabolic resources. Here, we find that while walking is more costly for persons with MS, arm-reaching movements are not. These results bring into question the driving force of movement slowness in MS and implicate other motor-related networks contributing to slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Courter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Enrique Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Alaa A Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Colorado, Boulder, United States
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Longitudinal assessment of cervical spinal cord compartments in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104545. [PMID: 36758461 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cervical spinal cord (cSC) area is an established biomarker in MS, there is currently a lack of longitudinal assessments of cSC gray and white matter areas. OBJECTIVE We conducted an explorative analysis of longitudinal changes of cSC gray and white matter areas in MS patients. METHODS 65 MS patients (33 relapsing-remitting; 20 secondary progressive and 12 primary progressive) and 20 healthy controls (HC) received clinical and upper cSC MRI assessments over 1.10±0.28 years. cSC compartments were quantified on MRI using the novel averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions sequence (in-plane resolution=0.67 × 0.67mm2), and in-house developed post-processing methods. Patients were stratified regarding clinical progression. RESULTS Patients with clinical progression showed faster reduction of cSC areas over time at the level of cSC enlargement (approximate vertebral level C4-C5) compared to stable patients (p<0.05). In addition, when compared to the rostral-cSC (approximate vertebral level C2-C3), a preferential reduction of cSC and white matter areas over time at the level of cSC enlargement (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) was demonstrated only in patients with clinical progression, but not in stable MS patients and HC. Compared to HC, MS patients showed comparable changes over time in all cSC compartments. CONCLUSIONS MS patients with clinical disease progression demonstrate subtle signs of a more pronounced tissue loss at the level of cSC enlargement. Future studies should consider larger sample sizes and more extended observation periods.
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Tsagkas C, Huck-Horvath A, Cagol A, Haas T, Barakovic M, Amann M, Ruberte E, Melie-Garcia L, Weigel M, Pezold S, Schlaeger R, Kuhle J, Sprenger T, Kappos L, Bieri O, Cattin P, Granziera C, Parmar K. Anterior horn atrophy in the cervical spinal cord: A new biomarker in progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2022; 29:702-718. [PMID: 36550626 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221139152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord (SC) gray and white matter pathology plays a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the extent, pattern, and clinical relevance of SC gray and white matter atrophy in vivo. METHODS 39 relapsing-remitting patients (RRMS), 40 progressive MS patients (PMS), and 24 healthy controls (HC) were imaged at 3T using the averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions sequence. Total and lesional cervical gray and white matter, and posterior (SCPH) and anterior horn (SCAH) areas were automatically quantified. Clinical assessment included the expanded disability status scale, timed 25-foot walk test, nine-hole peg test, and the 12-item MS walking scale. RESULTS PMS patients had significantly reduced cervical SCAH - but not SCPH - areas compared with HC and RRMS (both p < 0.001). In RRMS and PMS, the cervical SCAH areas increased significantly less in the region of cervical SC enlargement compared with HC (all p < 0.001). This reduction was more pronounced in PMS compared with RRMS (both p < 0.001). In PMS, a lower cervical SCAH area was the most important magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-variable for higher disability scores. CONCLUSION MS patients show clinically relevant cervical SCAH atrophy, which is more pronounced in PMS and at the level of cervical SC enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charidimos Tsagkas
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antal Huck-Horvath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Cagol
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Haas
- Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muhamed Barakovic
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Amann
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Ruberte
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Medical Image Analysis Center AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Weigel
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Pezold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Regina Schlaeger
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Sprenger
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Cattin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Parmar
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland/Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
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8
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Quantification and Proximal-to-Distal Distribution Pattern of Tibial Nerve Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis : Assessment by MR Neurography. Clin Neuroradiol 2022; 33:383-392. [PMID: 36264352 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-022-01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies suggest an involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we characterize the proximal-to-distal distribution pattern of peripheral nerve lesions in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) by quantitative magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). METHODS A total of 35 patients with RRMS were prospectively included and underwent detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic examinations. Additionally, 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. 3T MRN with anatomical coverage from the proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was conducted using dual-echo 2‑dimensional relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation. Quantification of PNS involvement was performed by evaluating microstructural (proton spin density (ρ), T2-relaxation time (T2app)), and morphometric (cross-sectional area, CSA) MRN markers in every axial slice. RESULTS In patients with RRMS, tibial nerve lesions at the thigh and the lower leg were characterized by a decrease in T2app and an increase in ρ compared to controls (T2app thigh: p < 0.0001, T2app lower leg: p = 0.0040; ρ thigh: p < 0.0001; ρ lower leg: p = 0.0098). An additional increase in nerve CSA was only detectable at the thigh, while the semi-quantitative marker T2w-signal was not altered in RRMS in both locations. A slight proximal-to-distal gradient was observed for T2app and T2-signal, but not for ρ. CONCLUSION PNS involvement in RRMS is characterized by a decrease in T2app and an increase in ρ, occurring with proximal predominance at the thigh and the lower leg. Our results indicate microstructural alterations in the extracellular matrix of peripheral nerves in RRMS and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic relevance of PNS involvement.
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Royer N, Coates K, Aboodarda SJ, Camdessanché JP, Millet GY. How is neuromuscular fatigability affected by perceived fatigue and disability in people with multiple sclerosis? Front Neurol 2022; 13:983643. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.983643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas fatigue is recognized to be the main complaint of patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), its etiology, and particularly the role of resistance to fatigability and its interplay with disability level, remains unclear. The purposes of this review were to (i) clarify the relationship between fatigue/disability and neuromuscular performance in PwMS and (ii) review the corticospinal and muscular mechanisms of voluntary muscle contraction that are altered by multiple sclerosis, and how they may be influenced by disability level or fatigue. Neuromuscular function at rest and during exercise are more susceptible to impairement, due to deficits in voluntary activation, when the disability is greater. Fatigue level is related to resistance to fatigability but not to neuromuscular function at rest. Neurophysiological parameters related to signal transmission such as central motor conduction time, motor evoked potentials amplitude and latency are affected by disability and fatigue levels but their relative role in the impaired production of torque remain unclear. Nonetheless, cortical reorganization represents the most likely explanation for the heightened fatigability during exercise for highly fatigued and/or disabled PwMS. Further research is needed to decipher how the fatigue and disability could influence fatigability for an ecological task, especially at the corticospinal level.
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Balashov AV, Pankov VG, Balashov VP, Shikhanov NP, Gushchina SV. Changes in the Neuronal Population of the Spinal Cord of Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as a Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:590-593. [PMID: 36210424 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We performed a quantitative study of the neuronal population in the spinal cord of mice with acute and chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunohistological/immunofluorescent analysis with motor neuron marker ChAT revealed a significant decrease in the number of motor neurons in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord in the acute form of autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with the further appearance of large empty (containing no motor neurons) areas in the ventral horns in the chronic form. The development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is accompanied by degradation and death of neurons, in particular ChAT+ motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Balashov
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia.
| | - V G Pankov
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| | - V P Balashov
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| | - N P Shikhanov
- Department of Normal and Pathological Anatomy with a Course of Forensic Medicine, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
| | - S V Gushchina
- Department of Cytology, Histology, and Embryology with Courses in Medical Biology and Molecular Biology of the Cell, N. P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia
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11
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The Cell Autonomous and Non-Cell Autonomous Aspects of Neuronal Vulnerability and Resilience in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081191. [PMID: 36009818 PMCID: PMC9405388 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by a progressive paralysis due to the loss of particular neurons in our nervous system called motor neurons, that exert voluntary control of all our skeletal muscles. It is not entirely understood why motor neurons are particularly vulnerable in ALS, neither is it completely clear why certain groups of motor neurons, including those that regulate eye movement, are rather resilient to this disease. However, both vulnerability and resilience to ALS likely reflect cell intrinsic properties of different motor neuron subpopulations as well as non-cell autonomous events regulated by surrounding cell types. In this review we dissect the particular properties of different motor neuron types and their responses to disease that may underlie their respective vulnerabilities and resilience. Disease progression in ALS involves multiple cell types that are closely connected to motor neurons and we here also discuss their contributions to the differential vulnerability of motor neurons. Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by the loss of upper motor neurons (MNs) that project from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and spinal cord and of lower MNs in the brain stem and spinal cord which innervate skeletal muscles, leading to spasticity, muscle atrophy, and paralysis. ALS involves several disease stages, and multiple cell types show dysfunction and play important roles during distinct phases of disease initiation and progression, subsequently leading to selective MN loss. Why MNs are particularly vulnerable in this lethal disease is still not entirely clear. Neither is it fully understood why certain MNs are more resilient to degeneration in ALS than others. Brain stem MNs of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, which innervate our eye muscles, are highly resistant and persist until the end-stage of the disease, enabling paralyzed patients to communicate through ocular tracking devices. MNs of the Onuf’s nucleus in the sacral spinal cord, that innervate sphincter muscles and control urogenital functions, are also spared throughout the disease. There is also a differential vulnerability among MNs that are intermingled throughout the spinal cord, that directly relate to their physiological properties. Here, fast-twitch fatigable (FF) MNs, which innervate type IIb muscle fibers, are affected early, before onset of clinical symptoms, while slow-twitch (S) MNs, that innervate type I muscle fibers, remain longer throughout the disease progression. The resilience of particular MN subpopulations has been attributed to intrinsic determinants and multiple studies have demonstrated their unique gene regulation and protein content in health and in response to disease. Identified factors within resilient MNs have been utilized to protect more vulnerable cells. Selective vulnerability may also, in part, be driven by non-cell autonomous processes and the unique surroundings and constantly changing environment close to particular MN groups. In this article, we review in detail the cell intrinsic properties of resilient and vulnerable MN groups, as well as multiple additional cell types involved in disease initiation and progression and explain how these may contribute to the selective MN resilience and vulnerability in ALS.
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Hanuscheck N, Thalman C, Domingues M, Schmaul S, Muthuraman M, Hetsch F, Ecker M, Endle H, Oshaghi M, Martino G, Kuhlmann T, Bozek K, van Beers T, Bittner S, von Engelhardt J, Vogt J, Vogelaar CF, Zipp F. Interleukin-4 receptor signaling modulates neuronal network activity. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213227. [PMID: 35587822 PMCID: PMC9123307 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that immune responses not only play a part in the central nervous system (CNS) in diseases but may also be relevant for healthy conditions. We discovered a major role for the interleukin-4 (IL-4)/IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling pathway in synaptic processes, as indicated by transcriptome analysis in IL-4Rα–deficient mice and human neurons with/without IL-4 treatment. Moreover, IL-4Rα is expressed presynaptically, and locally available IL-4 regulates synaptic transmission. We found reduced synaptic vesicle pools, altered postsynaptic currents, and a higher excitatory drive in cortical networks of IL-4Rα–deficient neurons. Acute effects of IL-4 treatment on postsynaptic currents in wild-type neurons were mediated via PKCγ signaling release and led to increased inhibitory activity supporting the findings in IL-4Rα–deficient neurons. In fact, the deficiency of IL-4Rα resulted in increased network activity in vivo, accompanied by altered exploration and anxiety-related learning behavior; general learning and memory was unchanged. In conclusion, neuronal IL-4Rα and its presynaptic prevalence appear relevant for maintaining homeostasis of CNS synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hanuscheck
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carine Thalman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Samantha Schmaul
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Hetsch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Ecker
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Endle
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohammadsaleh Oshaghi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bozek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne; University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim van Beers
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute for Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Francisca Vogelaar
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Wittekindt M, Kaddatz H, Joost S, Staffeld A, Bitar Y, Kipp M, Frintrop L. Different Methods for Evaluating Microglial Activation Using Anti-Ionized Calcium-Binding Adaptor Protein-1 Immunohistochemistry in the Cuprizone Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111723. [PMID: 35681418 PMCID: PMC9179561 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in the pathology of various central nervous system disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). While different methods exist to evaluate the extent of microglia activation, comparative studies investigating the sensitivity of these methods are missing for most models. In this study, we systematically evaluated which of the three commonly used histological methods (id est, quantification of microglia density, densitometrically evaluated staining intensity, or cellular morphology based on the determination of a ramification index, all measured in anti-ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (IBA1) immunohistochemical stains) is the most sensitive method to detect subtle changes in the microglia activation status in the context of MS. To this end, we used the toxin-induced cuprizone model which allows the experimental induction of a highly reproducible demyelination in several central nervous system regions, paralleled by early microglia activation. In this study, we showed that after 3 weeks of cuprizone intoxication, all methods reveal a significant microglia activation in the white matter corpus callosum. In contrast, in the affected neocortical grey matter, the evaluation of anti-IBA1 cell morphologies was the most sensitive method to detect subtle changes of microglial activation. The results of this study provide a useful guide for future immunohistochemical evaluations in the cuprizone and other neurodegenerative models.
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14
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Petropoulos IN, Fitzgerald KC, Oakley J, Ponirakis G, Khan A, Gad H, George P, Deleu D, Canibano BG, Akhtar N, Shuaib A, Own A, Malik T, Russakoff DB, Mankowski JL, Misra SL, McGhee CNJ, Calabresi P, Saidha S, Kamran S, Malik RA. Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21688. [PMID: 34737384 PMCID: PMC8568943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal loss is the main determinant of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in detecting corneal axonal loss in different courses of MS. The results were confirmed by two independent segmentation methods. 72 subjects (144 eyes) [(clinically isolated syndrome (n = 9); relapsing–remitting MS (n = 20); secondary-progressive MS (n = 22); and age-matched, healthy controls (n = 21)] underwent CCM and assessment of their disability status. Two independent algorithms (ACCMetrics; and Voxeleron deepNerve) were used to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (ACCMetrics only), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and corneal nerve fractal dimension (CNFrD). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation with 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to controls, patients with MS had significantly lower CNFD (34.76 ± 5.57 vs. 19.85 ± 6.75 fibers/mm2, 95% CI − 18.24 to − 11.59, P < .0001), CNFL [for ACCMetrics: 19.75 ± 2.39 vs. 12.40 ± 3.30 mm/mm2, 95% CI − 8.94 to − 5.77, P < .0001; for deepNerve: 21.98 ± 2.76 vs. 14.40 ± 4.17 mm/mm2, 95% CI − 9.55 to − 5.6, P < .0001] and CNFrD [for ACCMetrics: 1.52 ± 0.02 vs. 1.45 ± 0.04, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.05, P < .0001; for deepNerve: 1.29 ± 0.03 vs. 1.19 ± 0.07, 95% − 0.13 to − 0.07, P < .0001]. Corneal nerve parameters were comparably reduced in different courses of MS. There was excellent reproducibility between the algorithms. Significant corneal axonal loss is detected in different courses of MS including patients with clinically isolated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Petropoulos
- Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, PO Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Georgios Ponirakis
- Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, PO Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adnan Khan
- Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, PO Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hoda Gad
- Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, PO Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pooja George
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dirk Deleu
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Naveed Akhtar
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ahmed Own
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Taimur Malik
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Saidha
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saadat Kamran
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Research Division, Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar of Cornell University, PO Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Impact of Lockdown during COVID-19 Pandemic on Central Activation, Muscle Activity, Contractile Function, and Spasticity in People with Multiple Sclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2624860. [PMID: 34692828 PMCID: PMC8531768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2624860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from symptoms related to neural control, such as reduced central activation, lower muscle activity, and accentuated spasticity. A forced 9-week home confinement related to COVID-19 in Spain may have worsened these symptoms. However, no study has demonstrated the impact of home confinement on neuromuscular mechanisms in the MS population. This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of a 9-week home confinement on central activation, muscle activity, contractile function, and spasticity in MS patients. Methods Eighteen participants were enrolled in the study. Left and right knee extensor maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), maximal neural drive via peak surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis, central activation ratio (CAR), and muscle contractile function via electrical stimulation of the knee extensor muscles, as well as spasticity using the pendulum test, were measured immediately before and after home confinement. Results Seventeen participants completed the study. CAR significantly decreased after lockdown (ES = 1.271, p < 0.001). Regarding spasticity, there was a trend to decrease in the number of oscillations (ES = 0.511, p = 0.059) and a significant decrease in the duration of oscillations (ES = 0.568, p = 0.038). Furthermore, in the left leg, there was a significant decrease in the first swing excursion (ES = 0.612, p = 0.027) and in the relaxation index (ES = 0.992, p = 0.001). Muscle contractile properties, MVIC, and EMG variables were not modified after confinement. Conclusions The results suggest that a home confinement period of 9 weeks may lead to an increase in lower limb spasticity and a greater deficit in voluntary activation of the knee extensors.
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Fietsam AC, Deters JR, Workman CD, Ponto LLB, Rudroff T. Alterations in Leg Muscle Glucose Uptake and Inter-Limb Asymmetry after a Single Session of tDCS in Four People with Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101363. [PMID: 34679427 PMCID: PMC8533729 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrical lower limb weakness is an early symptom and significant contributor to the progressive worsening of walking ability in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may effectively increase neural drive to the more-affected lower limb and, therefore, increase symmetrical activation. Four PwMS (1 female, age range: 27–57) underwent one session each of 3 mA or SHAM tDCS over the motor cortex corresponding to their more-affected limb followed by 20 min of treadmill walking at a self-selected speed. Two min into the treadmill task, the subjects were injected with the glucose analog [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Immediately after treadmill walking, the subjects underwent whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Glucose uptake (GU) values were compared between the legs, the spatial distribution of FDG was assessed to estimate glucose uptake heterogeneity (GUh), and GU asymmetry indices (AIs) were calculated. After tDCS, GU was altered, and GUh was decreased in various muscle groups in each subject. Additionally, AIs went from asymmetric to symmetric after tDCS in the subjects that demonstrated asymmetrical glucose uptake during SHAM. These results indicate that tDCS improved GU asymmetries, potentially from an increased neural drive and a more efficient muscle activation strategy of the lower limb in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Fietsam
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.C.F.); (J.R.D.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Justin R. Deters
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.C.F.); (J.R.D.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Craig D. Workman
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.C.F.); (J.R.D.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Laura L. Boles Ponto
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Thorsten Rudroff
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.C.F.); (J.R.D.); (C.D.W.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-467-0363
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Ibrahim HIM, AlZahrani A, Hanieh H, Ahmed EA, Thirugnanasambantham K. MicroRNA-7188-5p and miR-7235 regulates Multiple sclerosis in an experimental mouse model. Mol Immunol 2021; 139:157-167. [PMID: 34543842 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as reliable modulators of various pathological conditions including autoimmune diseases in mammals. The current study, aims to identify new potential differential expressed miRNAs and their downstream mRNA targets of the autoimmune disease, Multiple sclerosis (MS). The study identifies a new set of miRNA(s) that are probably implicated in MS using computational tools. The study further carried-out different in vivo and in vitro experiments to check these identified miRNAs could be role in as therapeutic and prognostic applications. Preliminary insilico screening revealed that miR-659-3p, miR-659-5p, miR-684, miR-3607-3p, miR-3607-5p, miR-3682-3p, miR-3682-5p miR-4647, miR-7188-3p, miR-7188-5p and miR-7235 are specifically elevated in the secondary lymphoid cells of EAE mice. In addition, expression of the downstream target mRNA of these miRNAs such as FXBO33, SGMS-1, ZDHHC-9, GABRA-3, NRXN-2 were reciprocal to miRNA expression in lymphoid cells. These confirmed by applying the mimic and silencing miRNA models, suggesting new inflammatory target genes of these promising miRNA markers. The in vivo adoptive transfer model revealed that the suppression of miRNA-7188-5p and miR-7235 changed the pattern of astrocytes and CNS pathophysiology. The current study opens a new miRNA and their mRNA targets in MS disease. The absence of miRNA-7188-5p and miR-7235 enhanced the disease alleviation, confirms the regulatory effect of these targets. These optimized results highlights new set of miRNA's with therapeutic potential in experimental MS. Further studies are required to confirm these miRNA as therapeutic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Alhasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Pondicherry, 605005, India.
| | - Abdullah AlZahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Alhasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Hanieh
- Department of Medical Analysis, Department of Biological Sciences, Al Hussein Bin Talal University, Maan, Jordan
| | - Emad A Ahmed
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofouf, Alhasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
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Bagnato F, Gauthier SA, Laule C, Moore GRW, Bove R, Cai Z, Cohen-Adad J, Harrison DM, Klawiter EC, Morrow SA, Öz G, Rooney WD, Smith SA, Calabresi PA, Henry RG, Oh J, Ontaneda D, Pelletier D, Reich DS, Shinohara RT, Sicotte NL. Imaging Mechanisms of Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond Brain Atrophy. J Neuroimaging 2021; 30:251-266. [PMID: 32418324 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians involved with different aspects of the care of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and scientists with expertise on clinical and imaging techniques convened in Dallas, TX, USA on February 27, 2019 at a North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative workshop meeting. The aim of the workshop was to discuss cardinal pathobiological mechanisms implicated in the progression of MS and novel imaging techniques, beyond brain atrophy, to unravel these pathologies. Indeed, although brain volume assessment demonstrates changes linked to disease progression, identifying the biological mechanisms leading up to that volume loss are key for understanding disease mechanisms. To this end, the workshop focused on the application of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques to assess and measure disease progression in both the brain and the spinal cord. Clinical translation of quantitative MRI was recognized as of vital importance, although the need to maintain a relatively short acquisition time mandated by most radiology departments remains the major obstacle toward this effort. Regarding PET, the panel agreed upon its utility to identify ongoing pathological processes. However, due to costs, required expertise, and the use of ionizing radiation, PET was not considered to be a viable option for ongoing care of persons with MS. Collaborative efforts fostering robust study designs and imaging technique standardization across scanners and centers are needed to unravel disease mechanisms leading to progression and discovering medications halting neurodegeneration and/or promoting repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bagnato
- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Radiology, Pathology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George R Wayne Moore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Riley Bove
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Julien Cohen-Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal and Functional Neuroimaging Unit, CRIUGM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel M Harrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eric C Klawiter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah A Morrow
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurology, and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Seth A Smith
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences and Vanderbilt University Imaging Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roland G Henry
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and the UC San Francisco & Berkeley Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Division of Neurology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel Pelletier
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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19
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Sant'Anna MB, Giardini AC, Ribeiro MAC, Lopes FSR, Teixeira NB, Kimura LF, Bufalo MC, Ribeiro OG, Borrego A, Cabrera WHK, Ferreira JCB, Zambelli VO, Sant'Anna OA, Picolo G. The Crotoxin:SBA-15 Complex Down-Regulates the Incidence and Intensity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Through Peripheral and Central Actions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591563. [PMID: 33193433 PMCID: PMC7655790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotoxin (CTX), the main neurotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antinociceptive activities. However, the CTX-induced toxicity may compromise its use. Under this scenario, the use of nanoparticle such as nanostructured mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as a carrier might become a feasible approach to improve CTX safety. Here, we determined the benefits of SBA-15 on CTX-related neuroinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis that replicates several histopathological and immunological features observed in humans. We showed that a single administration of CTX:SBA-15 (54 μg/kg) was more effective in reducing pain and ameliorated the clinical score (motor impairment) in EAE animals compared to the CTX-treated EAE group; therefore, improving the disease outcome. Of interest, CTX:SBA-15, but not unconjugated CTX, prevented EAE-induced atrophy and loss of muscle function. Further supporting an immune mechanism, CTX:SBA-15 treatment reduced both recruitment and proliferation of peripheral Th17 cells as well as diminished IL-17 expression and glial cells activation in the spinal cord in EAE animals when compared with CTX-treated EAE group. Finally, CTX:SBA-15, but not unconjugated CTX, prevented the EAE-induced cell infiltration in the CNS. These results provide evidence that SBA-15 maximizes the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of CTX in an EAE model; therefore, suggesting that SBA-15 has the potential to improve CTX effectiveness in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline C Giardini
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia S R Lopes
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Louise F Kimura
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle C Bufalo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Borrego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wafa H K Cabrera
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa O Zambelli
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Reali C, Magliozzi R, Roncaroli F, Nicholas R, Howell OW, Reynolds R. B cell rich meningeal inflammation associates with increased spinal cord pathology in multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:779-793. [PMID: 32243032 PMCID: PMC8018043 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation in the cerebral meninges is associated with extensive subpial cortical grey matter pathology in the forebrain and a more severe disease course in a substantial proportion of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) cases. It is not known whether this relationship extends to spinal cord pathology. We assessed the contribution of meningeal and parenchymal immune infiltrates to spinal cord pathology in SPMS cases characterized in the presence (F+) or absence (F-) of lymphoid-like structures in the forebrain meninges. Transverse cryosections of cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord of 22 SPMS and five control cases were analyzed for CD20+ B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, microglia/macrophages (IBA-1+), demyelination (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein+) and axon density (neurofilament-H+). Lymphoid-like structures containing follicular dendritic cell networks and dividing B cells were seen in the spinal meninges of 3 out of 11 F+ SPMS cases. CD4+ and CD20+ cell counts were increased in F+ SPMS compared to F- SPMS and controls, whilst axon loss was greatest in motor and sensory tracts of the F+ SPMS cases (P < 0.01). The density of CD20+ B cells of the spinal leptomeninges correlated with CD4+ T cells and total B and T cells of the meninges; with the density of white matter perivascular CD20+ and CD4+ lymphocytes (P < 0.05); with white matter lesion area (P < 0.05); and the extent of axon loss (P < 0.05) in F+ SPMS cases only. We show that the presence of lymphoid-like structures in the forebrain is associated with a profound spinal cord pathology and local B cell rich meningeal inflammation associates with the extent of cord pathology. Our work supports a principal role for B cells in sustaining inflammation and tissue injury throughout the CNS in the progressive disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Reali
- Department of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Merck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and MovementUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Department of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental PsychologyFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Department of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Owain W. Howell
- Department of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
- Institute for Life SciencesSwansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial CollegeLondonUK
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21
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Davis LA, Alenazy MS, Almuklass AM, Feeney DF, Vieira T, Botter A, Enoka RM. Force control during submaximal isometric contractions is associated with walking performance in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2191-2200. [PMID: 32347151 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00085.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience progressive declines in movement capabilities, especially walking performance. The purpose of our study was to compare the amount of variance in walking performance that could be explained by the functional capabilities of lower leg muscles in persons with MS and a sex- and age-matched control group. Participants performed two walking tests (6-min walk and 25-ft walk), strength tests for the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles, and steady submaximal (10% and 20% maximum) isometric contractions. High-density electromyography (EMG) was recorded during the steady contractions, and the signals were decomposed to identify the discharge times of concurrently active motor units. There were significant differences between the two groups in the force fluctuations during the steady contractions (force steadiness), the strength of the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles, and the discharge characteristics during the steady contractions. Performance on the two walking tests by the MS group was moderately associated with force steadiness of the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles; worse force steadiness was associated with poorer walking performance. In contrast, the performance of the control group was associated with muscle strength (25-ft test) and force steadiness of the dorsiflexors and variance in common input of motor units to the plantar flexors (6-min test). These findings indicate that a reduction in the ability to maintain a steady force during submaximal isometric contractions is moderately associated with walking performance of persons with MS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The variance in walking endurance and walking speed was associated with force control of the lower leg muscles during submaximal isometric contractions in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast, the fast walking speed of a sex- and age-matched control group was associated with the strength of lower leg muscles. These findings indicate that moderate declines in the walking performance of persons with MS are more associated with impairments in force control rather than decreases in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Mohammed S Alenazy
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Awad M Almuklass
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Daniel F Feeney
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Taian Vieira
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Alberto Botter
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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22
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Assessing the anterior visual pathway in optic neuritis: recent experimental and clinical aspects. Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 32:346-357. [PMID: 30694926 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple sclerosis (MS) and related autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are characterized by chronic disability resulting from autoimmune neuroinflammation, with demyelination, astrocyte damage, impaired axonal transmission and neuroaxonal loss. Novel therapeutics stopping or reversing the progression of disability are still urgently warranted. This review addresses research on optic neuritis in preclinical experimental models and their translation to clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Optic neuritis can be used as paradigm for an MS relapse which can serve to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutics in clinical trials with a reasonable duration and cohort size. The advantage is the linear structure of the visual pathway allowing the assessment of visual function and retinal structure as highly sensitive outcome parameters. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is an inducible, inflammatory and demyelinating central nervous system disease extensively used as animal model of MS. Optic neuritis is part of the clinicopathological manifestations in a number of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. These have gained increasing interest for studies evaluating neuroprotective and/or remyelinating substances as longitudinal, visual and retinal readouts have become available. SUMMARY Translation of preclinical experiments, evaluating neuroprotective or remyelinating therapeutics to clinical studies is challenging. In-vivo readouts like optical coherence tomography, offers the possibility to transfer experimental study designs to clinical optic neuritis trials.
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23
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Görgülü Ü, Ergün U, Ertuğrul L. Peripheral nerve conductions in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:93-97. [PMID: 32029369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate with Elektromioneurografija (EMNG) whether there is any affection on peripheral nerves in (RRMS) patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD Motor and sensory nerve conductions were studied in the control group including 33 RRMS patients and 25 healthy individuals. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, mean annual attack frequency, duration of disease and treatments of RRMS patients were recorded. RESULTS There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) elongation in motor distal latency of the right peroneal nerve, slowing in the left peroneal nerve conduction velocity, and an elongation in the F-wave response in the RRMS group compared to the control group. It was observed that motor nerve conduction velocities were slower, albeit not statistically significant, and F wave latencies were longer than control group. CONCLUSION There are studies in the literature related to the association between MS and peripheral neuropathy. In this study, we found demyelinating type changes, differing significantly from the control group, in motor nerve conductions in RRMS patients. There may be demyelinating type affection in peripheral nervous system with common autoimmune mechanism in MS, a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Görgülü
- Neurology Department, Ministry of Health Ankara Cıty Hospital, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Ergün
- Kırıkkale University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Neurology Department, Turkey
| | - Levent Ertuğrul
- Ministry of Health, Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Neurology Department, Turkey
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24
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Libner CD, Salapa HE, Hutchinson C, Lee S, Levin MC. Antibodies to the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 contribute to neuronal cell loss in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:1704-1724. [PMID: 31872424 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, including loss of neurons and axons, is a feature of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are mostly unknown. Research implicates autoimmunity to nonmyelin self-antigens as important contributors to disease pathogenesis. Data from our lab implicate autoimmunity to the RNA binding protein (RBP) heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) as a possible mechanism of neurodegeneration in MS. MS patients make antibodies to hnRNP A1, which have been shown to lead to neuronal dysfunction in vitro. Using an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show here that injection of anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies, in contrast to control antibodies, resulted in worsened disease and increased neurodegeneration. We found a reduction of NeuN+ neuronal cell bodies in areas of the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord where anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies localized. Neurons displayed increased levels of hnRNP A1 nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization and stress granule formation, both markers of neuronal injury. Anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies were found to surround neuronal cell bodies and interact with CD68+ immune cells via Fc receptors. Additionally, anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies were found within neuronal cell bodies including those of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT), a tract previously shown to undergo neurodegeneration in anti-hnRNP A1 antibody injected EAE mice. Finally, both immune cells and neurons showed increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, another indicator of cell damage. These findings suggest that autoimmunity to RBPs, such as hnRNP A1, play a role in neurodegeneration in EAE with important implications for the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D Libner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Catherine Hutchinson
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael C Levin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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25
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Fang X, Huda R. Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Current Status and Diagnostic Challenges. J Clin Neurol 2020; 16:376-382. [PMID: 32657057 PMCID: PMC7354978 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a sudden-onset polio-like neuromuscular disability found commonly in young children. There is an increasing incidence of confirmed AFM cases in the USA and other countries in recent years, and in association with nonpolio enterovirus infection. This represents a significant challenge to clinicians and causes significant concern to the general public. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is the long-known limb paralytic syndrome caused by a viral pathogen. AFM is a subset of AFP that is also characterized by a limb paralytic condition, but it has certain distinct features such as lesions in magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord gray matter. AFM leads to spinal cord, brainstem, or motor neuron dysfunction. The clinical phenotypes, pathology, and patient presentation of AFM closely mimic AFP. This article provides a concise overview of our current understanding of AFM and the clinical features that distinguish AFM from AFP and similar other neurological infectious and autoimmune diseases or disorders. We also discuss the diagnosis, clinical pathology, possible pathogenetic mechanisms, and currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Ruksana Huda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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26
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Clinical and radiological findings of facial paralysis in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101456. [PMID: 31670209 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of central or peripheral facial palsy (FP) is traditionally based on clinical evaluation. This study aims at investigating the relationship between clinical evaluation of FP and lesion location as visible on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) for the purpose of adding supporting evidence to the diagnosis of central or peripheral FP in these patients. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on data from patients who underwent MS treatment between January 2016 and January 2019 at the MS Center of Wayne State University, MI, USA, and presented with at least one episode of FP during the observational period. The following data was collected from each patient: demographics, time from MS onset, side of FP, FP type (central or peripheral, as clinically evaluated), FP onset, FP treatment, amount of recovery of normal facial movements, time elapsed from beginning of FP treatment, number of FP recurrences, lesions presence/absence and location as visible on MRI. Correlation analysis was performed to assess to which extent clinical evaluation of FP correlated with presence of MRI lesions in different locations. RESULTS Eighteen patients were included in this study. In thirteen patients (72.2%) FP was classified as peripheral. Among them only five (38.4%) displayed one or more lesions in the pons. Correlation between presence of lesions in the pons and presence of peripheral FP was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Correlation between presence of lesions in the cortex (observed in 61.5% of patients with FP clinically evaluated as peripheral) and presence of FP clinically evaluated as peripheral was also statistically significant (p = 0.01). Finally, presence of lesions in the cortex was significantly correlated with presence of FP clinically evaluated as central (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS FP clinically classified as peripheral may be caused by central lesions in the cortex or pons and not only by peripheral facial nerve damage. In MS patients, FP may appear at the onset of the disease and be misdiagnosed as Bell 's palsy. Clinicians should carefully approach FP diagnosis and perform a brain as well as temporal bone MRI before pursuing pharmacological treatment.
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27
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Oki S. Eomes-expressing T-helper cells as potential target of therapy in chronic neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int 2019; 130:104348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Kalinin S, Meares GP, Lin SX, Pietruczyk EA, Saher G, Spieth L, Nave KA, Boullerne AI, Lutz SE, Benveniste EN, Feinstein DL. Liver kinase B1 depletion from astrocytes worsens disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Glia 2019; 68:600-616. [PMID: 31664743 PMCID: PMC7337013 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase involved in the regulation of cell metabolism, growth, and inflammatory activation. We previously reported that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding LKB1 is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Since astrocyte activation and metabolic function have important roles in regulating neuroinflammation and neuropathology, we examined the serine/threonine kinase LKB1 in astrocytes in a chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of MS. To reduce LKB1, a heterozygous astrocyte-selective conditional knockout (het-cKO) model was used. While disease incidence was similar, disease severity was worsened in het-cKO mice. RNAseq analysis identified Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched in het-cKO mice relating to mitochondrial function, confirmed by alterations in mitochondrial complex proteins and reductions in mRNAs related to astrocyte metabolism. Enriched pathways included major histocompatibility class II genes, confirmed by increases in MHCII protein in spinal cord and cerebellum of het-cKO mice. We observed increased numbers of CD4+ Th17 cells and increased neuronal damage in spinal cords of het-cKO mice, associated with reduced expression of choline acetyltransferase, accumulation of immunoglobulin-γ, and reduced expression of factors involved in motor neuron survival. In vitro, LKB1-deficient astrocytes showed reduced metabolic function and increased inflammatory activation. These data suggest that metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes, in this case due to LKB1 deficiency, can exacerbate demyelinating disease by loss of metabolic support and increase in the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gordon P Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Shao Xia Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Anne I Boullerne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarah E Lutz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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29
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Semkina AA, Alifirova VM, Titova MA, Maltseva AN, Abadzhyan MB. [Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in multiple sclerosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:28-35. [PMID: 31156238 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20191192228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The review presents data on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its structure and functions, the effect on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). The correlation of BDNF level with clinical manifestations of MS and the changes of its level during disease-modifying therapy is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Semkina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - M A Titova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A N Maltseva
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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30
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McDaniel HR, LaGanke C, Bloom L, Goldberg S, Hensel J, Lantigua LA, Lages LC, Atlas SE, Woolger JM, Lewis JE. The Effect of Broad-Spectrum Dietary Supplementation on Quality of Life, Symptom Severity, and Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:718-732. [PMID: 31422724 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1651435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that exerts a significant quality-of-life toll on patients. According to the literature, broad-spectrum dietary supplementation including a variety of nutrients, polysaccharides, and compounds may improve the quality of life, functionality, and symptom severity in people with MS. Individuals (n = 15) diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) for an average of 12.4 years (SD = 7.4; R = 2, 25) were enrolled in a one-year open-label clinical trial in which they consumed a broad-spectrum dietary supplement regimen three times daily. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months with the following: (1) Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS), (2) the EQ-5D-3L, (3) Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI), (4) Health Conditions Discomfort Scale (HCDS), and (5) Self-Assessment of Severity of MS Symptoms Scale (SASMSSS). Participants included seven females and eight males (M age = 51.3 years; SD = 7.2; R = 38, 65). Few minor gastrointestinal effects were reported. At the end of the intervention, participants showed significant improvements in all outcome measures, particularly functionality on the FAMS, overall quality of life on the EQ-5D-3L, fewer depressive symptoms on the BDI, and improved severity of symptoms on the HCDS and the SASMSSS. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation containing a variety of nutrients can improve the quality of life, severity of disease symptoms, and functionality in MS patients. These findings are clinically promising for MS patients, given the lack of treatment options geared toward improving quality of life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Bloom
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sharon Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Laura A Lantigua
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lucas C Lages
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven E Atlas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Judi M Woolger
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John E Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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31
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Morquette B, Juźwik CA, Drake SS, Charabati M, Zhang Y, Lécuyer MA, Galloway DA, Dumas A, de Faria Junior O, Paradis-Isler N, Bueno M, Rambaldi I, Zandee S, Moore C, Bar-Or A, Vallières L, Prat A, Fournier AE. MicroRNA-223 protects neurons from degeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain 2019; 142:2979-2995. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of miRNAs has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Morquette et al. show that overexpression of miR-223-3p prevents accumulation of axonal damage in a rodent model of multiple sclerosis, in part through regulation of glutamate receptor signalling. Manipulation of miRNA levels may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Morquette
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille A Juźwik
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sienna S Drake
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- CHUM research centre - Université de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yang Zhang
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dylan A Galloway
- Division of BioMedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Aline Dumas
- Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Centre of Québec - Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Mardja Bueno
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Rambaldi
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- CHUM research centre - Université de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Craig Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luc Vallières
- Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Centre of Québec - Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- CHUM research centre - Université de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- McGill University - Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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32
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Nomura T, Bando Y, Nakazawa H, Kanemoto S, Yoshida S. Pathological changes in mice with long term cuprizone administration. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:229-238. [PMID: 30940543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In MS, a long disease duration is known to be a strong risk factor for converting the clinical course of the disease from relapse remitting MS to secondary progressing MS. There is a hypothesis that long sustained demyelination may exhaust neurons, however, pathological changes induced in neurons following demyelination remain unknown. Cuprizone administration can induce and sustain demyelination in the mouse CNS. We examined pathological changes in mice following long sustained demyelination caused by up to 34-week cuprizone administration. Twelve-week cuprizone administration induced severe demyelination in the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum and deep cerebellar nuclei. Demyelination persisted up to 34 weeks, as shown by myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry. In contrast, cuprizone administration developed demyelination in the striatum by week 34. In these demyelinated regions, no neuronal loss was observed. However, in the striatum and deep cerebellar nuclei, cuprizone-induced demyelination changed the intracellular distribution of parvalbumin (PV). Furthermore, in the striatum, there was an increase in PV in the demyelinated axons and most PV immunoreactivity did not co-localize with SMI32 immunoreactivity in mice with 34-week cuprizone administration. Further, mice with 34-week cuprizone administration showed motor coordination dysfunction in the balance beam test. However, 12-week withdrawal from the cuprizone diet induced remyelination in the regions and motor coordination dysfunction recovered. These results indicate that 34-week cuprizone administration induces and sustains demyelination and results in reversible motor coordination dysfunction. The change of intracellular PV distribution suggests that PV may protect demyelinated axons by Ca2+ buffering. This model may be useful to investigate pathological and behavioral changes following demyelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nomura
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakazawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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33
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Ellwardt E, Pramanik G, Luchtman D, Novkovic T, Jubal ER, Vogt J, Arnoux I, Vogelaar CF, Mandal S, Schmalz M, Barger Z, Ruiz de Azua I, Kuhlmann T, Lutz B, Mittmann T, Bittner S, Zipp F, Stroh A. Maladaptive cortical hyperactivity upon recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1392-1403. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Juźwik CA, Drake S, Lécuyer MA, Johnson RM, Morquette B, Zhang Y, Charabati M, Sagan SM, Bar-Or A, Prat A, Fournier AE. Neuronal microRNA regulation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13437. [PMID: 30194392 PMCID: PMC6128870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease but the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative aspects of the disease are poorly understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression that regulate numerous mRNAs simultaneously and can thus regulate programs of gene expression. Here, we describe miRNA expression in neurons captured from mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Lumbar motor neurons and retinal neurons were laser captured from EAE mice and miRNA expression was assessed by next-generation sequencing and validated by qPCR. We describe 14 miRNAs that are differentially regulated in both neuronal subtypes and determine putative mRNA targets though in silico analysis. Several upregulated neuronal miRNAs are predicted to target pathways that could mediate repair and regeneration during EAE. This work identifies miRNAs that are affected by inflammation and suggests novel candidates that may be targeted to improve neuroprotection in the context of pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Juźwik
- McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sienna Drake
- McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Radia Marie Johnson
- McGill University, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Barbara Morquette
- McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yang Zhang
- McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Selena M Sagan
- McGill University, Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Biochemistry, Montréal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alyson E Fournier
- McGill University, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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35
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Grüter T, Ayzenberg I, Gahlen A, Kneiphof J, Gold R, Kleiter I. Flaccid paralysis in neuromyelitis optica: An atypical presentation with possible involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 25:83-86. [PMID: 30056360 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) typically lead to spastic paraparesis and spare the peripheral nervous system (PNS). CASE REPORT Here, we describe an anti-aquaporin-4-seropositive NMOSD patient suffering from acute transverse myelitis with painful, flaccid paralysis and incontinence of urine and feces. Due to the involvement of the PNS as indicated by electrodiagnostic examination, we verified the expression of aquaporin-4-channels on the proximal dorsal spinal radix of rats by staining rat tissue with human NMOSD serum. CONCLUSION This case suggests a manifestation of the proximal PNS in NMOSD. Thus, NMOSD should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with signs of spinal cord disease and additional radicular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Ilya Ayzenberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Gahlen
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Janina Kneiphof
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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36
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Hochstrasser T, Jiangshan Z, Rühling S, Schmitz C, Kipp M. Do pre-clinical multiple sclerosis models allow us to measure neurodegeneration and clinical progression? Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:1-3. [PMID: 29589965 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1459190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Hochstrasser
- a Department of Anatomy II , Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Zhan Jiangshan
- a Department of Anatomy II , Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Sebastian Rühling
- a Department of Anatomy II , Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- a Department of Anatomy II , Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- a Department of Anatomy II , Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich , Germany
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37
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Vogelaar CF, Mandal S, Lerch S, Birkner K, Birkenstock J, Bühler U, Schnatz A, Raine CS, Bittner S, Vogt J, Kipnis J, Nitsch R, Zipp F. Fast direct neuronal signaling via the IL-4 receptor as therapeutic target in neuroinflammation. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/430/eaao2304. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Ingwersen J, De Santi L, Wingerath B, Graf J, Koop B, Schneider R, Hecker C, Schröter F, Bayer M, Engelke AD, Dietrich M, Albrecht P, Hartung HP, Annunziata P, Aktas O, Prozorovski T. Nimodipine confers clinical improvement in two models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2018; 146:86-98. [PMID: 29473171 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is characterised by inflammatory neurodegeneration, with axonal injury and neuronal cell death occurring in parallel to demyelination. Regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for demyelination and axonopathy, energy failure, aberrant expression of ion channels and excitotoxicity have been suggested to lead to Ca2+ overload and subsequent activation of calcium-dependent damage pathways. Thus, the inhibition of Ca2+ influx by pharmacological modulation of Ca2+ channels may represent a novel neuroprotective strategy in the treatment of secondary axonopathy. We therefore investigated the effects of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker nimodipine in two different models of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established experimental paradigm for multiple sclerosis. We show that preventive application of nimodipine (10 mg/kg per day) starting on the day of induction had ameliorating effects on EAE in SJL/J mice immunised with encephalitic myelin peptide PLP139-151 , specifically in late-stage disease. Furthermore, supporting these data, administration of nimodipine to MOG35-55 -immunised C57BL/6 mice starting at the peak of pre-established disease, also led to a significant decrease in disease score, indicating a protective effect on secondary CNS damage. Histological analysis confirmed that nimodipine attenuated demyelination, axonal loss and pathological axonal β-amyloid precursor protein accumulation in the cerebellum and spinal cord in the chronic phase of disease. Of note, we observed no effects of nimodipine on the peripheral immune response in EAE mice with regard to distribution, antigen-specific proliferation or activation patterns of lymphocytes. Taken together, our data suggest a CNS-specific effect of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blockade to inflammation-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ingwersen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorenzo De Santi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Britta Wingerath
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Graf
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Koop
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hecker
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mary Bayer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Dorothee Engelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pasquale Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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39
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Liu C, Liu H, Jin H, Yue X, Luo Z, Tu Z. Cholinergic imbalance in lumbar spinal cord of a rat model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 318:29-35. [PMID: 29397207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction in the central nervous system is an important characteristic of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). By using a rat EAE model, upregulation of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) level in the EAE rat lumbar spinal cord was detected by western blot and immunostaining, and was associated with lymphocyte filtration and glial activation. Ex vivo and in vitro autoradiography studies with [18F]VAT, a VAChT-specific radioligand, also revealed increased tracer uptake in EAE rat lumbar spinal cord compared with shams. These studies on VAChT expression suggest central cholinergic imbalance during EAE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zonghua Luo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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40
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Vogt J, Kirischuk S, Unichenko P, Schlüter L, Pelosi A, Endle H, Yang JW, Schmarowski N, Cheng J, Thalman C, Strauss U, Prokudin A, Bharati BS, Aoki J, Chun J, Lutz B, Luhmann HJ, Nitsch R. Synaptic Phospholipid Signaling Modulates Axon Outgrowth via Glutamate-dependent Ca2+-mediated Molecular Pathways. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:131-145. [PMID: 27909001 PMCID: PMC5939201 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered synaptic bioactive lipid signaling has been recently shown to augment neuronal excitation in the hippocampus of adult animals by activation of presynaptic LPA2-receptors leading to increased presynaptic glutamate release. Here, we show that this results in higher postsynaptic Ca2+ levels and in premature onset of spontaneous neuronal activity in the developing entorhinal cortex. Interestingly, increased synchronized neuronal activity led to reduced axon growth velocity of entorhinal neurons which project via the perforant path to the hippocampus. This was due to Ca2+-dependent molecular signaling to the axon affecting stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. The spontaneous activity affected the entire entorhinal cortical network and thus led to reduced overall axon fiber numbers in the mature perforant path that is known to be important for specific memory functions. Our data show that precise regulation of early cortical activity by bioactive lipids is of critical importance for proper circuit formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergei Kirischuk
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petr Unichenko
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leslie Schlüter
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Assunta Pelosi
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Endle
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenq-Wei Yang
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolai Schmarowski
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jin Cheng
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carine Thalman
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulf Strauss
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, 10119 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Prokudin
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Suman Bharati
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jerold Chun
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Nitsch
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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41
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Almuklass AM, Davis L, Hamilton LD, Vieira TM, Botter A, Enoka RM. Motor unit discharge characteristics and walking performance of individuals with multiple sclerosis. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1273-1282. [PMID: 29357453 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00598.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking performance of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly influenced by the activation signals received by lower leg muscles. We examined the associations between force steadiness and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles during submaximal isometric contractions with tests of walking performance and disability status in individuals who self-reported walking difficulties due to MS. We expected that worse walking performance would be associated with weaker plantar flexor muscles, worse force steadiness, and slower motor unit discharge times. Twenty-three individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (56 ± 7 yr) participated in the study. Participants completed one to three evaluation sessions that involved two walking tests (25-ft walk and 6-min walk), a manual dexterity test (grooved pegboard), health-related questionnaires, and measurement of strength, force steadiness, and motor unit discharge characteristics of lower leg muscles. Multiple regression analyses were used to construct models to explain the variance in measures of walking performance. There were statistically significant differences (effect sizes: 0.21-0.60) between the three muscles in mean interspike interval (ISI) and ISI distributions during steady submaximal contractions with the plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles. The regression models explained 40% of the variance in 6-min walk distance and 47% of the variance in 25-ft walk time with two or three variables that included mean ISI for one of the plantar flexor muscles, dorsiflexor strength, and force steadiness. Walking speed and endurance in persons with relapsing-remitting MS were reduced in individuals with longer ISIs, weaker dorsiflexors, and worse plantar flexor force steadiness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The walking endurance and gait speed of persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) were worse in individuals who had weaker dorsiflexor muscles and greater force fluctuations and longer times between action potentials discharged by motor units in plantar flexor muscles during steady isometric contractions. These findings indicate that the control of motor unit activity in lower leg muscles of individuals with MS is associated with their walking ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad M Almuklass
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Leah Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Landon D Hamilton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
| | - Taian M Vieira
- LISiN, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin , Italy
| | - Alberto Botter
- LISiN, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin , Italy
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado
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Jende JME, Hauck GH, Diem R, Weiler M, Heiland S, Wildemann B, Korporal-Kuhnke M, Wick W, Hayes JM, Pfaff J, Pham M, Bendszus M, Kollmer J. Peripheral nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis: Demonstration by magnetic resonance neurography. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:676-685. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann M. E. Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gesa H. Hauck
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Radiology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiology, Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI
| | - Johannes Pfaff
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology; Würzburg University Hospital; Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jennifer Kollmer
- Department of Neuroradiology; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
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43
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Gastaldi M, Marchioni E, Banfi P, Mariani V, Di Lodovico L, Bergamaschi R, Alfonsi E, Borrelli P, Ferraro OE, Zardini E, Pichiecchio A, Cortese A, Waters P, Woodhall M, Ceroni M, Mauri M, Franciotta D. Predictors of outcome in a large retrospective cohort of patients with transverse myelitis. Mult Scler 2017; 24:1743-1752. [PMID: 28967297 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517731911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disorder that can be idiopathic or associated with central nervous system autoimmune/dysimmune inflammatory diseases, connective tissue autoimmune diseases, or post-infectious neurological syndromes. Prognosis of initial TM presentations is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To identify outcome predictors in TM. METHODS Retrospective study on isolated TM at onset. Scores ⩾3 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) marked high disability. RESULTS A total of 159 patients were identified. TM was classified as follows: idiopathic (I-TM, n = 53), post-infectious (PI-TM, n = 48), associated with multiple sclerosis (MS-TM, n = 51), or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders/connective tissue autoimmune diseases/neurosarcoidosis ( n = 7). At follow-up (median, 55 months; interquartile range, 32-80), 42 patients were severely disabled, and patients with I-TM or PI-TM showed the worst outcomes. Predictors of disability were infectious antecedents, sphincter and pyramidal symptoms, high mRS scores, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier damage, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions on univariate analysis, and older age (odds ratio (OR), 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.1), overt/subclinical involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (OR, 9.4; 95% CI, 2.2-41.0), complete TM (OR, 10.8; 95% CI, 3.4-34.5) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings help define prognosis and therapies in TM at onset. Infectious antecedents and PNS involvement associate with severe prognosis. Nerve conduction studies and lumbar MRI could improve the prognostic assessment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gastaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy/University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchioni
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Banfi
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Valeria Mariani
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Di Lodovico
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bergamaschi
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Alfonsi
- Department of Neurophysiology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zardini
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortese
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrick Waters
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Woodhall
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mauro Ceroni
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Mauri
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy/Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Diego Franciotta
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy/Department of General Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
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44
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Grussu F, Schneider T, Tur C, Yates RL, Tachrount M, Ianuş A, Yiannakas MC, Newcombe J, Zhang H, Alexander DC, DeLuca GC, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM. Neurite dispersion: a new marker of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology? Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:663-679. [PMID: 28904988 PMCID: PMC5590517 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the multiple sclerosis spinal cord is limited by low specificity regarding the underlying pathological processes, and new MRI metrics assessing microscopic damage are required. We aim to show for the first time that neurite orientation dispersion (i.e., variability in axon/dendrite orientations) is a new biomarker that uncovers previously undetected layers of complexity of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology. Also, we validate against histology a clinically viable MRI technique for dispersion measurement (neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging,NODDI), to demonstrate the strong potential of the new marker. Methods We related quantitative metrics from histology and MRI in four post mortem spinal cord specimens (two controls; two progressive multiple sclerosis cases). The samples were scanned at high field, obtaining maps of neurite density and orientation dispersion from NODDI and routine diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices. Histological procedures provided markers of astrocyte, microglia, myelin and neurofilament density, as well as neurite dispersion. Results We report from both NODDI and histology a trend toward lower neurite dispersion in demyelinated lesions, indicative of reduced neurite architecture complexity. Also, we provide unequivocal evidence that NODDI‐derived dispersion matches its histological counterpart (P < 0.001), while DTI metrics are less specific and influenced by several biophysical substrates. Interpretation Neurite orientation dispersion detects a previously undescribed and potentially relevant layer of microstructural complexity of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology. Clinically feasible techniques such as NODDI may play a key role in clinical trial and practice settings, as they provide histologically meaningful dispersion indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Grussu
- NMR Research Unit Department of Neuroinflammation Queen Square MS Centre UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Torben Schneider
- NMR Research Unit Department of Neuroinflammation Queen Square MS Centre UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Philips UK Guildford Surrey United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Tur
- NMR Research Unit Department of Neuroinflammation Queen Square MS Centre UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Yates
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Tachrount
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Andrada Ianuş
- Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Marios C Yiannakas
- NMR Research Unit Department of Neuroinflammation Queen Square MS Centre UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Jia Newcombe
- Neuro Resource UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhang
- Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit Department of Neuroinflammation Queen Square MS Centre UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London United Kingdom.,Brain MRI 3T Mondino Research Centre C. Mondino National Neurological Institute Pavia Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia Pavia Italy
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45
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Feng LR, Suy S, Collins SP, Saligan LN. The role of TRAIL in fatigue induced by repeated stress from radiotherapy. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 91:130-138. [PMID: 28343068 PMCID: PMC5473507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating side effects of cancer and cancer treatment, and yet its etiology remains elusive. The goal of this study is to understand the role of chronic inflammation in fatigue following repeated stress from radiotherapy. Fatigue and non-fatigue categories were assessed using ≥ 3-point change in Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue questionnaire (FACT-F) administered to participants at baseline/before radiotherapy and one year post-radiotherapy. Whole genome microarray and cytokine multiplex panel were used to examine fatigue-related transcriptome and serum cytokine changes, respectively. The study included 86 subjects (discovery phase n = 40, validation phase n = 46). The sample in the discovery phase included men with prostate cancer scheduled to receive external-beam radiotherapy. A panel of 48 cytokines were measured and the significantly changed cytokine found in the discovery phase was validated using sera from a separate cohort of men two years after completing radiotherapy for prostate cancer at a different institution. Effects of the significantly changed cytokine on cell viability was quantified using the MTT assay. During the discovery phase, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TRAIL decoy receptor, TNFRSF10C (TRAIL-R3), were significantly upregulated in fatigued (≥3-point decrease from baseline to 1yr-post radiotherapy) subjects (n = 15). In the validation phase, TRAIL correlated with fatigue scores 2yrs post-radiotherapy. TRAIL caused selective cytotoxicity in neuronal cells, but not in microglial and muscle cells, in vitro. Late-onset inflammation directed by TRAIL may play a role in fatigue pathogenesis post-repeated stress from irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Simeng Suy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Sean P. Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Leorey N. Saligan
- Corresponding Author: Leorey N. Saligan, PhD, RN, CRNP, FAAN, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 3, Room 5E14, Bethesda, MD 20892, Phone: 301-451-1685 Fax: 301-480-0729,
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46
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X-Ray Phase Contrast Tomography Reveals Early Vascular Alterations and Neuronal Loss in a Multiple Sclerosis Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5890. [PMID: 28724999 PMCID: PMC5517657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The degenerative effects of multiple sclerosis at the level of the vascular and neuronal networks in the central nervous system are currently the object of intensive investigation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis, but the neuropathology of specific lesions in EAE and the effects of MSC treatment are under debate. Because conventional imaging techniques entail protocols that alter the tissues, limiting the reliability of the results, we have used non-invasive X-ray phase-contrast tomography to obtain an unprecedented direct 3D characterization of EAE lesions at micro-to-nano scales, with simultaneous imaging of the vascular and neuronal networks. We reveal EAE-mediated alterations down to the capillary network. Our findings shed light on how the disease and MSC treatment affect the tissues, and promote X-ray phase-contrast tomography as a powerful tool for studying neurovascular diseases and monitoring advanced therapies.
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47
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Fang L, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Yang T, Zhao P, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Qi F, Li K, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang N, Fan Y, Wang L. Effects of Bu Shen Yi sui capsule on NogoA/NgR and its signaling pathways RhoA/ROCK in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:346. [PMID: 28668079 PMCID: PMC5494129 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Axon growth inhibitory factors NogoA/Nogo receptor (NgR) and its signaling pathways RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) play a critical role in the repair of nerve damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule (BSYSC) is an effective Chinese formula utilized to treat MS in clinical setting and noted for its potent neuroprotective effects. In this study, we focus on the effects of BSYSC on promoting nerve repair and the underlying mechanisms in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Methods The EAE mouse model was induced by injecting subcutaneously with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55 supplemented with pertussis toxin. BSYSC was orally administrated at dose of 3.0 g/kg once a day for 40 days. The levels of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, p-Tau, growth associated protein (GAP) -43, KI67 and Nestin in the brain or spinal cord on 20 and 40 day post-induction (dpi) were detected via immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, NogoA/NgR and RhoA/ROCK signaling molecules were studied by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results Twenty or 40 days of treatment with BSYSC increased markedly PGP9.5 and GAP-43 levels, reduced p-Tau in the brain or spinal cord of mice with EAE. In addition, BSYSC elevated significantly the expression of KI67 and Nestin in the spinal cord 40 dpi. Further study showed that the activation of NogoA/NgR and RhoA/ROCK were suppressed by the presence of BSYSC. Conclusions BSYSC could attenuate axonal injury and promote repair of axonal damage in EAE mice in part through the down-regulation of NogoA/NgR and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways.
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48
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Cilingir V, Batur M, Bulut MD, Milanlioglu A, Yılgor A, Batur A, Yasar T, Tombul T. The association between retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and corpus callosum index in different clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1223-1232. [PMID: 28396954 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the association between physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and corpus callosum volumes, as expressed by the corpus callosum index (CCI). This study was based on a cohort of 212 MS patients and 52 healthy control subjects, who were age and gender matched. The MS patients included 144 women and 177 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Peripapillary and volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of the macula were performed using spectral-domain OCT technology. All magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed using 1.5-T systems. CCI and RNFL were lower in MS than healthy control subjects (0.341 versus 0.386, p < 0.01 and 92.1 versus 105.0, p < 0.01). In addition, CCI correlated with RNFL (r = 0.464, p < 0.01). This was also true for the subgroup of patients with no history of optic neuritis (ON). There is a correlation between the thickness of the RNFL and CCI values in MS patients with no history of ON, which suggests that OCT might be a suitable marker for neurodegeneration in MS clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Cilingir
- Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000, Kampus Van, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Batur
- Faculty of Medicine Ophthalmology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Deniz Bulut
- Faculty of Medicine Radiology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Aysel Milanlioglu
- Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000, Kampus Van, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yılgor
- Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000, Kampus Van, Turkey
| | - Abdussamet Batur
- Faculty of Medicine Radiology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Tekin Yasar
- Faculty of Medicine Ophthalmology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Temel Tombul
- Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000, Kampus Van, Turkey
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49
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Singh S, Dallenga T, Winkler A, Roemer S, Maruschak B, Siebert H, Brück W, Stadelmann C. Relationship of acute axonal damage, Wallerian degeneration, and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:57. [PMID: 28302146 PMCID: PMC5356322 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axonal damage and loss substantially contribute to the incremental accumulation of clinical disability in progressive multiple sclerosis. Here, we assessed the amount of Wallerian degeneration in brain tissue of multiple sclerosis patients in relation to demyelinating lesion activity and asked whether a transient blockade of Wallerian degeneration decreases axonal loss and clinical disability in a mouse model of inflammatory demyelination. METHODS Wallerian degeneration and acute axonal damage were determined immunohistochemically in the periplaque white matter of multiple sclerosis patients with early actively demyelinating lesions, chronic active lesions, and inactive lesions. Furthermore, we studied the effects of Wallerian degeneration blockage on clinical severity, inflammatory pathology, acute axonal damage, and long-term axonal loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld S ) mutant mice. RESULTS The highest numbers of axons undergoing Wallerian degeneration were found in the perilesional white matter of multiple sclerosis patients early in the disease course and with actively demyelinating lesions. Furthermore, Wallerian degeneration was more abundant in patients harboring chronic active as compared to chronic inactive lesions. No co-localization of neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor, a bona fide immunohistochemical marker of Wallerian degeneration, with amyloid precursor protein, frequently used as an indicator of acute axonal transport disturbance, was observed in human and mouse tissue, indicating distinct axon-degenerative processes. Experimentally, a delay of Wallerian degeneration, as observed in Wld S mice, did not result in a reduction of clinical disability or acute axonal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, further supporting that acute axonal damage as reflected by axonal transport disturbances does not share common molecular mechanisms with Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, delaying Wallerian degeneration did not result in a net rescue of axons in late lesion stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in multiple sclerosis, ongoing demyelination in focal lesions is associated with axonal degeneration in the perilesional white matter, supporting a role for focal pathology in diffuse white matter damage. Also, our results suggest that interfering with Wallerian degeneration in inflammatory demyelination does not suffice to prevent acute axonal damage and finally axonal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailender Singh
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Dallenga
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anne Winkler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shanu Roemer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Maruschak
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Siebert
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Smorodchenko A, Schneider S, Rupprecht A, Hilse K, Sasgary S, Zeitz U, Erben RG, Pohl EE. UCP2 up-regulation within the course of autoimmune encephalomyelitis correlates with T-lymphocyte activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1002-1012. [PMID: 28130201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with severe neurological disability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Several members of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein subfamily (UCP2-UCP5) were suggested to regulate ROS by diminishing the mitochondrial membrane potential and constitute therefore a promising pharmacological target for MS. To evaluate the role of different uncoupling proteins in neuroinflammation, we have investigated their expression patterns in murine brain and spinal cord (SC) during different stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. At mRNA and protein levels we found that only UCP2 is up-regulated in the SC, but not in brain. The increase in UCP2 expression was antigen-independent, reached its maximum between 14 and 21days in both OVA and MOG immunized animals and correlated with an augmented number of CD3+ T-lymphocytes in SC parenchyma. The decrease in abundance of UCP4 was due to neuronal injury and was only detected in CNS of MOG-induced EAE animals. The results provide evidence that the involvement of mitochondrial UCP2 in CNS inflammation during EAE may be mainly explained by the invasion of activated T-lymphocytes. This conclusion coincides with our previous observation that UCP2 is up-regulated in activated and rapidly proliferating T-cells and participates in fast metabolic re-programming of cells during proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Hilse
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Soleman Sasgary
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Zeitz
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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