1
|
Zhang X, Weickenmeier J. Brain Stiffness Follows Cuprizone-Induced Variations in Local Myelin Content. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:507-518. [PMID: 37660962 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain maturation and neurological diseases are intricately linked to microstructural changes that inherently affect the brain's mechanical behavior. Animal models are frequently used to explore relative brain stiffness changes as a function of underlying microstructure. Here, we are using the cuprizone mouse model to study indentation-derived stiffness changes resulting from acute and chronic demyelination during a 15-week observation period. We focus on the corpus callosum, cingulum, and cortex which undergo different degrees of de- and remyelination and, therefore, result in region-specific stiffness changes. Mean stiffness of the corpus callosum starts at 1.1 ± 0.3 kPa in untreated mice, then cuprizone treatment causes stiffness to drop to 0.6 ± 0.1 kPa by week 3, temporarily increase to 0.9 ± 0.3 kPa by week 6, and ultimately stabilize around 0.7 ± 0.1 kPa by week 9 for the rest of the observation period. The cingulum starts at 3.2 ± 0.9 kPa, then drops to 1.6 ± 0.4 kPa by week 3, and then gradually stabilizes around 1.4 ± 0.3 kPa by week 9. Cortical stiffness exhibits less stiffness variations overall; it starts at 4.2 ± 1.3 kPa, drops to 2.4 ± 0.6 kPa by week 3, and stabilizes around 2.7 ± 0.9 kPa by week 6. We also assess the impact of tissue fixation on indentation-based mechanical tissue characterization. On the one hand, fixation drastically increases untreated mean tissue stiffness by a factor of 3.3 for the corpus callosum, 2.9 for the cingulum, and 3.6 for the cortex; on the other hand, fixation influences interregional stiffness ratios during demyelination, thus suggesting that fixation affects individual brain tissues differently. Lastly, we determine the spatial correlation between stiffness measurements and myelin density and observe a region-specific proportionality between myelin content and tissue stiffness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite extensive work, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical behavior in the brain remains mostly unknown. Additionally, the existing variation of measurement results reported in literature requires in depth investigation of the impact of individual cell and protein populations on tissue stiffness and interregional stiffness ratios. Here, we used microindentation measurements to show that brain stiffness changes with myelin density in the cuprizone-based demyelination mouse model. Moreover, we explored the impact of tissue fixation prior to mechanical characterization because of conflicting results reported in literature. We observe that fixation has a distinctly different impact on our three regions of interest, thus causing region-specific tissue stiffening and, more importantly, changing interregional stiffness ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030 United States
| | - Johannes Weickenmeier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030 United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koduru TS, Gupta VN, Veeranna B, Seetharaman S. A Dual Therapy of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded with Teriflunomide-A Dihydro-Orotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor and an miR-155-Antagomir in Cuprizone-Induced C57BL/6J Mouse. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041254. [PMID: 37111739 PMCID: PMC10143733 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) has been challenging due to the limited ability of therapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the potential of nanocarrier systems to deliver miR-155-antagomir-teriflunomide (TEF) dual therapy to the brain via intranasal (IN) administration to manage MS-associated neurodegeneration and demyelination. Our results showed that the combinatorial therapy of miR-155-antagomir and TEF loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) significantly increased brain concentration and improved targeting potential. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a combinatorial therapy approach of miR-155-antagomir and TEF loaded in NLCs. This is a significant finding, as the effective delivery of therapeutic molecules to the CNS has been a challenge in treating neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, this study sheds light on the potential use of RNA-targeting therapies in personalized medicine, which could revolutionize the way CNS disorders are managed. Furthermore, our findings suggest that nanocarrier-loaded therapeutic agents have great potential for safe and economical delivery in treating CNS disorders. Our study provides novel insights into the effective delivery of therapeutic molecules via the IN route for managing neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, our results demonstrate the potential of delivering miRNA and TEF via the intranasal route using the NLC system. We also demonstrate that the long-term use of RNA-targeting therapies could be a promising tool in personalized medicine. Importantly, using a cuprizone-induced animal model, our study also investigated the effects of TEF-miR155-antagomir-loaded NLCs on demyelination and axonal damage. Following six weeks of treatment, the TEF-miR155-antagomir-loaded NLCs potentially lowered the demyelination and enhanced the bioavailability of the loaded therapeutic molecules. Our study is a paradigm shift in delivering miRNAs and TEF via the intranasal route and highlights the potential of this approach for managing neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, our study provides critical insights into the effective delivery of therapeutic molecules via the IN route for managing CNS disorders, and especially MS. Our findings have significant implications for the future development of nanocarrier-based therapies and personalized medicine. Our results provide a strong foundation for further studies and the potential to develop safe and economic therapeutics for CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trideva Sastri Koduru
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Vishal N Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Balamuralidhara Veeranna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru 570015, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmad I, Wergeland S, Oveland E, Bø L. An Association of Chitinase-3 Like-Protein-1 With Neuronal Deterioration in Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231198980. [PMID: 38062768 PMCID: PMC10710113 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231198980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of Chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CHI3L1) in cerebrospinal fluid have previously been linked to inflammatory activity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CHI3L1 in the brains of MS patients and in the cuprizone model in mice (CPZ), a model of toxic/metabolic demyelination and remyelination in different brain areas. In MS gray matter (GM), CHI3L1 was detected primarily in astrocytes and in a subset of pyramidal neurons. In neurons, CHI3L1 immunopositivity was associated with lipofuscin-like substance accumulation, a sign of cellular aging that can lead to cell death. The density of CHI3L1-positive neurons was found to be significantly higher in normal-appearing MS GM tissue compared to that of control subjects (p = .014). In MS white matter (WM), CHI3L1 was detected in astrocytes located within lesion areas, as well as in perivascular normal-appearing areas and in phagocytic cells from the initial phases of lesion development. In the CPZ model, the density of CHI3L1-positive cells was strongly associated with microglial activation in the WM and choroid plexus inflammation. Compared to controls, CHI3L1 immunopositivity in WM was increased from an early phase of CPZ exposure. In the GM, CHI3L1 immunopositivity increased later in the CPZ exposure phase, particularly in the deep GM region. These results indicate that CHI3L1 is associated with neuronal deterioration, pre-lesion pathology, along with inflammation in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Intakhar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian MS-registry and biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- Proteomics Unit at the University of Bergen (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Marine Research, IMR, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Wang D, Sun J, Wang Y, Wu S, Wang J. Huperzine-A Improved Animal Behavior in Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model by Alleviating Demyelination and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416182. [PMID: 36555825 PMCID: PMC9785798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA) is a natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) with the advantages of high efficiency, selectivity as well as reversibility and can exhibit significant therapeutic effects against certain neurodegenerative diseases. It is also beneficial in reducing the neurological impairment and neuroinflammation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classic model for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether HupA can directly regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation and promote remyelination has not been investigated previously. In this study, we have analyzed the potential protective effects of HupA on the demylination model of MS induced by cuprizone (CPZ). It was found that HupA significantly attenuated anxiety-like behavior, as well as augmented motor and cognitive functions in CPZ mice. It also decreased demyelination and axonal injury in CPZ mice. Moreover, in CPZ mice, HupA increased mRNA levels of the various anti-inflammatory cytokines (Arg1, CD206) while reducing the levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-18, CD16, and TNF-α). Mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor antagonist, could effectively reverse the effects of HupA. Therefore, we concluded that HupA primarily exerts its therapeutic effects on multiple sclerosis through alleviating demyelination and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danjie Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-15921977760 (S.W.); +86-17721371757 (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-15921977760 (S.W.); +86-17721371757 (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oniani T, Vinnenberg L, Chaudhary R, Schreiber JA, Riske K, Williams B, Pape HC, White JA, Junker A, Seebohm G, Meuth SG, Hundehege P, Budde T, Zobeiri M. Effects of Axonal Demyelination, Inflammatory Cytokines and Divalent Cation Chelators on Thalamic HCN Channels and Oscillatory Bursting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116285. [PMID: 35682964 PMCID: PMC9181513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by the progressive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin and is associated with thalamic dysfunction. Cuprizone (CPZ)-induced general demyelination in rodents is a valuable model for studying different aspects of MS pathology. CPZ feeding is associated with the altered distribution and expression of different ion channels along neuronal somata and axons. However, it is largely unknown whether the copper chelator CPZ directly influences ion channels. Therefore, we assessed the effects of different divalent cations (copper; zinc) and trace metal chelators (EDTA; Tricine; the water-soluble derivative of CPZ, BiMPi) on hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels that are major mediators of thalamic function and pathology. In addition, alterations of HCN channels induced by CPZ treatment and MS-related proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β; IL-6; INF-α; INF-β) were characterized in C57Bl/6J mice. Thus, the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih) was recorded in thalamocortical (TC) neurons and heterologous expression systems (mHCN2 expressing HEK cells; hHCN4 expressing oocytes). A number of electrophysiological characteristics of Ih (potential of half-maximal activation (V0.5); current density; activation kinetics) were unchanged following the extracellular application of trace metals and divalent cation chelators to native neurons, cell cultures or oocytes. Mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% CPZ for 35 days, resulting in general demyelination in the brain. Withdrawal of CPZ from the diet resulted in rapid remyelination, the effects of which were assessed at three time points after stopping CPZ feeding (Day1, Day7, Day25). In TC neurons, Ih was decreased on Day1 and Day25 and revealed a transient increased availability on Day7. In addition, we challenged naive TC neurons with INF-α and IL-1β. It was found that Ih parameters were differentially altered by the application of the two cytokines to thalamic cells, while IL-1β increased the availability of HCN channels (depolarized V0.5; increased current density) and the excitability of TC neurons (depolarized resting membrane potential (RMP); increased the number of action potentials (APs); produced a larger voltage sag; promoted higher input resistance; increased the number of burst spikes; hyperpolarized the AP threshold), INF-α mediated contrary effects. The effect of cytokine modulation on thalamic bursting was further assessed in horizontal slices and a computational model of slow thalamic oscillations. Here, IL-1β and INF-α increased and reduced oscillatory bursting, respectively. We conclude that HCN channels are not directly modulated by trace metals and divalent cation chelators but are subject to modulation by different MS-related cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengiz Oniani
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (T.O.); (R.C.); (H.-C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Vinnenberg
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (L.V.); (P.H.)
| | - Rahul Chaudhary
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (T.O.); (R.C.); (H.-C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Julian A. Schreiber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corren-Str. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Riske
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyer-Str. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (K.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Brandon Williams
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA; (B.W.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (T.O.); (R.C.); (H.-C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - John A. White
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA; (B.W.); (J.A.W.)
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Waldeyer-Str. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (K.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Neurology Clinic, University Clinic Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Petra Hundehege
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (L.V.); (P.H.)
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (T.O.); (R.C.); (H.-C.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mehrnoush Zobeiri
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (T.O.); (R.C.); (H.-C.P.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wittekindt M, Kaddatz H, Joost S, Staffeld A, Bitar Y, Kipp M, Frintrop L. Different Methods for Evaluating Microglial Activation Using Anti-Ionized Calcium-Binding Adaptor Protein-1 Immunohistochemistry in the Cuprizone Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111723. [PMID: 35681418 PMCID: PMC9179561 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an important role in the pathology of various central nervous system disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). While different methods exist to evaluate the extent of microglia activation, comparative studies investigating the sensitivity of these methods are missing for most models. In this study, we systematically evaluated which of the three commonly used histological methods (id est, quantification of microglia density, densitometrically evaluated staining intensity, or cellular morphology based on the determination of a ramification index, all measured in anti-ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (IBA1) immunohistochemical stains) is the most sensitive method to detect subtle changes in the microglia activation status in the context of MS. To this end, we used the toxin-induced cuprizone model which allows the experimental induction of a highly reproducible demyelination in several central nervous system regions, paralleled by early microglia activation. In this study, we showed that after 3 weeks of cuprizone intoxication, all methods reveal a significant microglia activation in the white matter corpus callosum. In contrast, in the affected neocortical grey matter, the evaluation of anti-IBA1 cell morphologies was the most sensitive method to detect subtle changes of microglial activation. The results of this study provide a useful guide for future immunohistochemical evaluations in the cuprizone and other neurodegenerative models.
Collapse
|
7
|
Klejbor I, Shimshek DR, Klimaszewska-Łata J, Velasco-Estevez M, Moryś J, Karaszewski B, Szutowicz A, Rutkowska A. EBI2 is expressed in glial cells in multiple sclerosis lesions, and its knock-out modulates remyelination in the cuprizone model. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5173-5188. [PMID: 34145920 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
EBI2 receptor regulates the immune system, and in multiple, sclerosis is upregulated in the central nervous system infiltrating lymphocytes. In newborn EBI2-deficient mice, myelin development is delayed, and its persistent antagonism inhibits remyelination in chemically demyelinated organotypic cerebellar slices. We used the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis to elucidate the role of central nervous system-expressed EBI2 in de- and remyelination. The wild-type and EBI2 knock-out mice were fed 0.2% cuprizone in chow for 5 weeks and allowed to recover on a normal diet for 2 weeks. The data showed less efficient recovery of myelin, attenuated oligodendrocyte loss, fewer astrocytes and increased total cholesterol levels in the EBI2 knock-out mice after recovery. Moreover, the wild-type mice upregulated EBI2 expression after recovery confirming the involvement of EBI2 signalling during recovery from demyelination in the cuprizone model. The pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were at comparable levels in the wild-type and EBI2 knock-out mice, with only minor differences in TNFα and IL1β levels either at peak or during recovery. The neuroinflammatory signalling molecules, Abl1 kinase and NFКB1 (p105/p50) subunit, were significantly downregulated in the EBI2 knock-out mice at peak of disease. Immunohistochemical investigations of EBI2 receptor distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain revealed strong expression of EBI2 in astrocytes and microglia inside the plaques implicating glia-expressed EBI2 in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the involvement of EBI2 signalling in the recovery from demyelination rather than in demyelination and as such warrant further research into the role of EBI2 in remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Klejbor
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Division of Neurology, Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genovese G, Palombo M, Santin MD, Valette J, Ligneul C, Aigrot MS, Abdoulkader N, Langui D, Millecamps A, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Stankoff B, Lehericy S, Petiet A, Branzoli F. Inflammation-driven glial alterations in the cuprizone mouse model probed with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 11.7 T. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4480. [PMID: 33480101 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of brain tissue is a complex response of the immune system to the presence of toxic compounds or to cell injury, leading to a cascade of pathological processes that include glial cell activation. Noninvasive MRI markers of glial reactivity would be very useful for in vivo detection and monitoring of inflammation processes in the brain, as well as for evaluating the efficacy of personalized treatments. Due to their specific location in glial cells, myo-inositol (mIns) and choline compounds (tCho) seem to be the best candidates for probing glial-specific intra-cellular compartments. However, their concentrations quantified using conventional proton MRS are not specific for inflammation. In contrast, it has been recently suggested that mIns intra-cellular diffusion, measured using diffusion-weighted MRS (DW-MRS) in a mouse model of reactive astrocytes, could be a specific marker of astrocytic hypertrophy. In order to evaluate the specificity of both mIns and tCho diffusion to inflammation-driven glial alterations, we performed DW-MRS in a volume of interest containing the corpus callosum and surrounding tissue of cuprizone-fed mice after 6 weeks of intoxication, and evaluated the extent of astrocytic and microglial alterations using immunohistochemistry. Both mIns and tCho apparent diffusion coefficients were significantly elevated in cuprizone-fed mice compared with control mice, and histologic evaluation confirmed the presence of severe inflammation. Additionally, mIns and tCho diffusion showed, respectively, strong and moderate correlations with histological measures of astrocytic and microglial area fractions, confirming DW-MRS as a promising tool for specific detection of glial changes under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Genovese
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Marco Palombo
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu D Santin
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, UMR9199, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Core Facility ICM Quant, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Nasteho Abdoulkader
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Core Facility ICM Quant, Institut du Cerveau-ICM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Stankoff
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Petiet
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Center for Neuroimaging Research-CENIR, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau-ICM), Paris, France
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moles L, Egimendia A, Osorio-Querejeta I, Iparraguirre L, Alberro A, Suárez J, Sepúlveda L, Castillo-Triviño T, Muñoz-Culla M, Ramos-Cabrer P, Otaegui D. Gut Microbiota Changes in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Cuprizone Mice Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:893-905. [PMID: 33566588 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the immune mediated attack on axons and the subsequent demyelination. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota of MS patients is altered; however, the connection between demyelination events and changes in the gut microbiota has not been determined. The objective of the current work was to characterize the microbial dysbiosis in two murine demyelinating models and to study the correlation between them. Concurrently, their suitability as predictors of microbial changes in MS patients was assessed. To this purpose, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone (CPZ) models were induced in C57BL/6 mice that were monitored for 4 and 9 weeks, respectively. Fecal samples were collected during disease progression. Motor skill performance was evaluated by EAE scale measurement in EAE mice and demyelination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in CPZ ones. EAE and CPZ mice revealed drastic microbial changes according to disease progression, adding a new layer of complexity to the understanding of demyelination and remyelination processes. Besides, the reported microbial changes replicate most of the characteristics that define the potential dysbiosis in MS patients. The controlled environment and stable diet that animals have in research centers offer an exceptional scenario to modify animal's microbiota and provide opportunities to study host microbiota interplay with restrained conditions not achievable in human studies. Nevertheless the slight differences from murine model's and patient's microbiota should be considered in the design of studies aiming to modulate the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moles
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Ander Egimendia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Iñaki Osorio-Querejeta
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Leire Iparraguirre
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Alberro
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Jose Suárez
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Lucía Sepúlveda
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
- Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | - Maider Muñoz-Culla
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - David Otaegui
- Multiple Sclerosis Group, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Spanish Network of Multiple Sclerosis (REEM),, Barcelona 08028Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhan J, Mann T, Joost S, Behrangi N, Frank M, Kipp M. The Cuprizone Model: Dos and Do Nots. Cells 2020; 9:E843. [PMID: 32244377 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Various pre-clinical models with different specific features of the disease are available to study MS pathogenesis and to develop new therapeutic options. During the last decade, the model of toxic demyelination induced by cuprizone has become more and more popular, and it has contributed substantially to our understanding of distinct yet important aspects of the MS pathology. Here, we aim to provide a practical guide on how to use the cuprizone model and which pitfalls should be avoided.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonsalvez DG, Yoo S, Fletcher JL, Wood RJ, Craig GA, Murray SS, Xiao J. Imaging and Quantification of Myelin Integrity After Injury With Spectral Confocal Reflectance Microscopy. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:275. [PMID: 31803018 PMCID: PMC6877500 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a high-throughput approach to quantify the extent of myelin integrity in preclinical models of demyelinating diseases will enhance our capacity to identify novel therapies for myelin repair. In light of the technical limitations of electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses of myelination, we have utilized a novel imaging technique, spectral confocal reflectance (SCoRe) microscopy. SCoRe takes advantage of the optically reflective properties of compact myelin, allowing the integrity of compact myelin to be quantified over the course of the cuprizone-induced model of central demyelination. We applied SCoRe imaging on fixed frozen brain sections. SCoRe analysis of control mice identified an increase in corpus callosum myelination during the period of cuprizone administration and recovery, suggesting that the normal developmental processes of myelination are ongoing at this time. Importantly, analysis of mice subjected to cuprizone identified a significant reduction in compact myelin in both rostral and caudal corpus callosum compared to age-matched control mice. SCoRe microscopy also allowed the visualization and quantification of the amount of myelin debris in demyelinating lesions. Combining SCoRe imaging with immunohistochemistry, we quantified the amount of myelin debris within IBA-1+ microglia and found that 11% of myelin debris colocalized in microglia irrespective of the callosal regions, with the vast majority of debris outside of microglia. In summary, we have demonstrated that SCoRe microscopy is an effective and powerful tool to perform both quantitative and qualitative analyses of compact myelin integrity in health or after injury in vivo, demonstrating its future application in high-throughput assessments and screening of the therapeutic efficacy of myelin repair therapies in preclinical animal models of demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Gonsalvez
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - SangWon Yoo
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica L Fletcher
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon J Wood
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgina A Craig
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon S Murray
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Neurotrophin and Myelin Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khodanovich M, Pishchelko A, Glazacheva V, Pan E, Akulov A, Svetlik M, Tyumentseva Y, Anan'ina T, Yarnykh V. Quantitative Imaging of White and Gray Matter Remyelination in the Cuprizone Demyelination Model Using the Macromolecular Proton Fraction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101204. [PMID: 31590363 PMCID: PMC6830095 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) has been established as a quantitative clinically-targeted MRI myelin biomarker based on recent demyelination studies. This study aimed to assess the capability of MPF to quantify remyelination using the murine cuprizone-induced reversible demyelination model. MPF was measured in vivo using the fast single-point method in three animal groups (control, cuprizone-induced demyelination, and remyelination after cuprizone withdrawal) and compared to quantitative immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP), myelinating oligodendrocytes (CNP-positive cells), and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC, NG2-positive cells) in the corpus callosum, caudate putamen, hippocampus, and cortex. In the demyelination group, MPF, MBP-stained area, and oligodendrocyte count were significantly reduced, while OPC count was significantly increased as compared to both control and remyelination groups in all anatomic structures (p < 0.05). All variables were similar in the control and remyelination groups. MPF and MBP-stained area strongly correlated in each anatomic structure (Pearson’s correlation coefficients, r = 0.80–0.90, p < 0.001). MPF and MBP correlated positively with oligodendrocyte count (r = 0.70–0.84, p < 0.01 for MPF; r = 0.81–0.92, p < 0.001 for MBP) and negatively with OPC count (r = −0.69–−0.77, p < 0.01 for MPF; r = −0.72–−0.89, p < 0.01 for MBP). This study provides immunohistological validation of fast MPF mapping as a non-invasive tool for quantitative assessment of de- and remyelination in white and gray matter and indicates the feasibility of using MPF as a surrogate marker of reparative processes in demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Khodanovich
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Anna Pishchelko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Valentina Glazacheva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Andrey Akulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Svetlik
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Yana Tyumentseva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Anan'ina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Vasily Yarnykh
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
In a recent study, Masuda and colleagues (Nature 2019;566:388-392) used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile microglia across different anatomical compartments, developmental stages, and types of brain pathology in mice. Moreover, the authors performed a novel transcriptomic characterization of microglia from multiple sclerosis patients and identified phenotypically conserved microglial subsets between species. These findings, together with seminal prior results from various groups, provide valuable insights into the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microglia during brain development and disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Barati S, Ragerdi Kashani I, Moradi F, Tahmasebi F, Mehrabi S, Barati M, Joghataei MT. Mesenchymal stem cell mediated effects on microglial phenotype in cuprizone-induced demyelination model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13952-13964. [PMID: 30963634 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells have an essential role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. They are divided into two subgroups: M1 and M2 phenotypes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with neuroprotective and immunomodulating properties, could improve these diseases. We evaluate the immunomodulating effects of MSC on microglial phenotypes and the improvement of demyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). For inducing the chronic demyelination model, C57BL6 mice were given a diet with 0.2% CPZ (w/w) for 12 weeks. In the MSC group, cells were transplanted into the right lateral ventricle of mice. The expression of targeted genes was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. M1 and M2 microglial phenotypes were assessed by immunohistochemistry of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Arg-1, respectively. Remyelination was studied by luxal fast blue (LFB) staining and electron microscopy (EM). We found that MSC transplantation reduced the expression level of M1-specific messenger RNA (mRNA; iNOS and CD86) but increased the expression level of M2 specific genes (CD206, Arg-1, and CX3CR1) in comparison to the CPZ group. Moreover, cell therapy significantly decreased the M1 marker (iNOS+ cells), but M2 marker (Arg-1+ cells) significantly increased in comparison with the CPZ group. In addition, MSC treatment significantly increased the CX3CL1 expression level in comparison with the CPZ group and led to improvement in remyelination, which was confirmed by LFB and EM images. The results showed that MSC transplantation increases the M2 and decreases the M1 phenotype in MS. This change was accompanied by decrease in demyelination and axonal injury and indicated that MSCs have a positive effect on MS by modification of microglia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khodanovich MY, Pishchelko AO, Glazacheva VY, Pan ES, Krutenkova EP, Trusov VB, Yarnykh VL. Plant polyprenols reduce demyelination and recover impaired oligodendrogenesis and neurogenesis in the cuprizone murine model of multiple sclerosis. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1363-1373. [PMID: 30864249 PMCID: PMC6594192 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties of polyprenols isolated from the green verdure of Picea abies(L.) Karst. This study aimed to investigate effects of polyprenols on oligodendrogenesis, neurogenesis, and myelin content in the cuprizone demyelination model. Demyelination was induced by 0.5% cuprizone in CD‐1 mice during 10 weeks. Nine cuprizone‐treated animals received daily injections of polyprenols intraperitoneally at a dose of 12‐mg/kg body weight during Weeks 6–10. Nine control animals and other nine cuprizone‐treated received sham oil injections. At Week 10, brain sections were stained for myelin basic protein, neuro‐glial antigen‐2, and doublecortin to evaluate demyelination, oligodendrogenesis, and neurogenesis. Cuprizone administration caused a decrease in myelin basic protein in the corpus callosum, cortex, hippocampus, and the caudate putamen compared with the controls. Oligodendrogenesis was increased, and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was decreased in the cuprizone‐treated group compared with the controls. Mice treated with cuprizone and polyprenols did not show significant demyelination and differences in oligodendrogenesis and neurogenesis as compared with the controls. Our results suggest that polyprenols can halt demyelination, restore impaired neurogenesis, and mitigate reactive overproduction of oligodendrocytes caused by cuprizone neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna O Pishchelko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Edgar S Pan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena P Krutenkova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir B Trusov
- Prenolica Limited (formerly Solagran Limited), Biotechnology Company, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vasily L Yarnykh
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meknatkhah S, Sharif Dashti P, Mousavi MS, Zeynali A, Ahmadian S, Karima S, Saboury AA, Riazi GH. Psychological stress effects on myelin degradation in the cuprizone-induced model of demyelination. Neuropathology 2018; 39:14-21. [PMID: 30536911 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as the most common demyelinating disease worldwide in which previous studies have shown that stress is a risk factor for the disease's onset and progression. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate the consequences of stress in MS pathology. In this study, after 5 days of exposure to psychological and physical stress as a repetitive distress modality, rats were treated with cuprizone. The demyelination degree was compared in animal groups using Luxol fast blue staining, immunohistochemical staining for myelin basic protein and transmission electron microscopy. Outcomes revealed that animals exposed to stress prior to cuprizone ingestion, elicit more intense demyelination. Continuous psychological distress has more severe effects on myelin sheath destruction in the preclinical stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Meknatkhah
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Sharif Dashti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirbahador Zeynali
- Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leicaj ML, Pasquini LA, Lima A, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Pasquini JM, De Nicola AF, Garay LI. Changes in neurosteroidogenesis during demyelination and remyelination in cuprizone-treated mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12649. [PMID: 30303567 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes of neurosteroids may be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study investigated whether changes of neurosteroidogenesis also occurred in the grey and white matter regions of the brain in mice subjected to cuprizone-induced demyelination. Accordingly, we compared the expression of neurosteroidogenic proteins, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), as well as neurosteroidogenic enzymes, including the side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase and 5α-reductase (5α-R), during the demyelination and remyelination periods. Using immunohistochemistry and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated a decreased expression of StAR, P450scc and 5α-R with respect to an increase astrocytic and microglial reaction and elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α during the cuprizone demyelination period in the hippocampus, cortex and corpus callosum. These parameters, as well as the glial reaction, were normalised after 2 weeks of spontaneous remyelination in regions containing grey matter. Conversely, persistent elevated levels of TNFα and low levels of StAR and P450scc were observed during remyelination in corpus callosum white matter. We conclude that neurosteroidogenesis/myelination status and glial reactivity are inversely related in the hippocampus and neocortex. Establishing a cause and effect relationship for the measured variables remains a future challenge for understanding the pathophysiology of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María L Leicaj
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura A Pasquini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB), University of Buenos Aires and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria C Gonzalez Deniselle
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biological Physicochemistry (IQUIFIB), University of Buenos Aires and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Human Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I Garay
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental and National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Human Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu H, Lu H, Xu Z, Luan L, Li C, Xu Y, Dong K, Zhang J, Li X, Li Y, Liu G, Gong S, Zhao YG, Liu A, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Cai X, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Lin X. Discovery of CNS Penetrant CXCR2 Antagonists for the Potential Treatment of CNS Demyelinating Disorders. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:397-402. [PMID: 27096048 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship exploration of the historical biarylurea series led to the identification of novel CNS penetrant CXCR2 antagonists with nanomolar potency, favorable PK profile, and good developability potentials. More importantly, the key compound 22 showed efficacy in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model with twice daily oral administration, thereby supporting CXCR2 to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine,
Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hongfu Lu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmiao Xu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Linbo Luan
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Kelly Dong
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yvonne Li
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Gentao Liu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Sophie Gong
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xin Cai
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Xiang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - John D. Elliott
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xichen Lin
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In making a selection of cellular tools and animal models for generating screening assays in the search for new drugs, one needs to take into consideration the practicality of their use in the drug discovery process. Conducting high-throughput primary screens using libraries of small molecules, close to 1 million members in size, requires the generation of large numbers of cells which are easily acquired, reliably enriched, and reproducibly responsive to standard positive controls. These cells need to be similar in form and function to their counterparts in human disease. In vitro assays that can be mechanized by using robots can therefore save time and costs. In selecting in vivo models, consideration must be given to the species and strain of animal chosen, the appropriateness of the model to human disease, the extent of animal husbandry required during the in-life pharmacological assessment, the technical aspects of generating the model and harvesting the tissues for analyses, the cost of research tools in terms of time and money (demyelinating and remyelinating agents, amount of compound to be generated), and the length of time required for drug testing in the model. A consideration of the translational aspects of the in vivo model compared to those used in the clinic is also important. These themes will be developed with examples for drug discovery in the field of CNS demyelination and repair, specifically as it pertains to multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|