1
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Xu H, Lu H, Xu Z, Luan L, Li C, Xu Y, Dong K, Zhang J, Li X, Li Y, Liu G, Gong S, Zhao YG, Liu A, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Cai X, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Lin X. Discovery of CNS Penetrant CXCR2 Antagonists for the Potential Treatment of CNS Demyelinating Disorders. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:397-402. [PMID: 27096048 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship exploration of the historical biarylurea series led to the identification of novel CNS penetrant CXCR2 antagonists with nanomolar potency, favorable PK profile, and good developability potentials. More importantly, the key compound 22 showed efficacy in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model with twice daily oral administration, thereby supporting CXCR2 to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine,
Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hongfu Lu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmiao Xu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Linbo Luan
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chengyong Li
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Kelly Dong
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yvonne Li
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Gentao Liu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Sophie Gong
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xin Cai
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Xiang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - John D. Elliott
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xichen Lin
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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2
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Poli E, Elliott JD, Ratcliff LE, Andrinopoulos L, Dziedzic J, Hine NDM, Mostofi AA, Skylaris CK, Haynes PD, Teobaldi G. The potential of imogolite nanotubes as (co-)photocatalysts: a linear-scaling density functional theory study. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:074003. [PMID: 26808452 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/7/074003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT) study of the structure, wall-polarization absolute band-alignment and optical absorption of several, recently synthesized, open-ended imogolite (Imo) nanotubes (NTs), namely single-walled (SW) aluminosilicate (AlSi), SW aluminogermanate (AlGe), SW methylated aluminosilicate (AlSi-Me), and double-walled (DW) AlGe NTs. Simulations with three different semi-local and dispersion-corrected DFT-functionals reveal that the NT wall-polarization can be increased by nearly a factor of four going from SW-AlSi-Me to DW-AlGe. Absolute vacuum alignment of the NT electronic bands and comparison with those of rutile and anatase TiO2 suggest that the NTs may exhibit marked propensity to both photo-reduction and hole-scavenging. Characterization of the NTs' band-separation and optical properties reveal the occurrence of (near-)UV inside-outside charge-transfer excitations, which may be effective for electron-hole separation and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Finally, the effects of the NTs' wall-polarization on the absolute alignment of electron and hole acceptor states of interacting water (H2O) molecules are quantified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poli
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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3
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Wang Y, Cai W, Cheng Y, Yang T, Liu Q, Zhang G, Meng Q, Han F, Huang Y, Zhou L, Xiang Z, Zhao YG, Xu Y, Cheng Z, Lu S, Wu Q, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Leung S, Ren F, Lin X. Discovery of Biaryl Amides as Potent, Orally Bioavailable, and CNS Penetrant RORγt Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:787-92. [PMID: 26191367 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of biaryl amides was identified as RORγt inhibitors through core replacement of a starting hit 1. Structure-activity relationship exploration on the biaryl moiety led to discovery of potent RORγt inhibitors with good oral bioavailability and CNS penetration. Compounds 9a and 9g demonstrated excellent in vivo efficacy in EAE mice dose dependently with once daily oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaobang Cheng
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fangbin Han
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhijun Xiang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sijie Lu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xiang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - John D. Elliott
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Stewart Leung
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xichen Lin
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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4
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Xu Z, Yang T, Lin X, Elliott JD, Ren F. A mild and efficient carboxylate-directed C–H arylation of aryl carboxylic acids with iodobenzenes in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Lu H, Yang T, Xu Z, Wren PB, Zhang Y, Cai X, Patel M, Dong K, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Guan X, Xiang J, Elliott JD, Lin X, Ren F. 2-Aminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one as the novel bioisostere of urea: discovery of novel and potent CXCR2 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5493-6. [PMID: 25455491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one was proposed as the novel bioisostere of urea. Bioisosteric replacement of the reported urea series of the CXCR2 antagonists with 2-aminopyrimidin-4(1H)-ones led to the discovery of the novel and potent CXCR2 antagonist 3e. 2-Aminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one derivative 3e demonstrated a good developability profile (reasonable solubility and high permeability) and superior chemical stability especially in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) compared with ureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Lu
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhongmiao Xu
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Paul B Wren
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yueting Zhang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xin Cai
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Metul Patel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Platform Technology & Science, Biological Sciences, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kelly Dong
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Guan
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jianing Xiang
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - John D Elliott
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xichen Lin
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Feng Ren
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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6
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Yang T, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Cai W, Ma Y, Yang L, Wu Q, Orband-Miller LA, Zhou L, Xiang Z, Huxdorf M, Zhang W, Zhang J, Xiang JN, Leung S, Qiu Y, Zhong Z, Elliott JD, Lin X, Wang Y. Discovery of Tertiary Amine and Indole Derivatives as Potent RORγt Inverse Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:65-8. [PMID: 24900774 DOI: 10.1021/ml4003875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of tertiary amines as retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt) inverse agonists was discovered through agonist/inverse agonist conversion. The level of RORγt inhibition can be enhanced by modulating the conformational disruption of H12 in RORγt LBD. Linker exploration and rational design led to the discovery of more potent indole-based RORγt inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaobang Cheng
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingli Ma
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lisa A. Orband-Miller
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ling Zhou
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhijun Xiang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Melanie Huxdorf
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ning Xiang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Stewart Leung
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - John D. Elliott
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xichen Lin
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Research
and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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7
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Wang Y, Cai W, Zhang G, Yang T, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Zhou L, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Lu S, Zhao YG, Zhang W, Xiang Z, Wang S, Yang L, Wu Q, Orband-Miller LA, Xu Y, Zhang J, Gao R, Huxdorf M, Xiang JN, Zhong Z, Elliott JD, Leung S, Lin X. Discovery of novel N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides as potent RORγt inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:692-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Deng G, Zhao B, Ma Y, Xu Q, Wang H, Yang L, Zhang Q, Guo TB, Zhang W, Jiao Y, Cai X, Zhang J, Liu H, Guan X, Lu H, Xiang J, Elliott JD, Lin X, Ren F. Novel complex crystal structure of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2): 2,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-ones as potent, orally bioavailable PHD2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6349-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Deng G, Meng Q, Liu Q, Xu X, Xu Q, Ren F, Guo TB, Lu H, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Lin X. Identification of benzoxazole analogs as novel, S1P(3) sparing S1P(1) agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3973-7. [PMID: 22583616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of benzoxazole-derived S1P(1) agonists were designed based on scaffold hopping molecular design strategy combined with computational approaches. Extensive SAR studies led to the discovery of compound 17d as a selective S1P(1) agonist (over S1P(3)) with high CNS penetration and favorable DMPK properties. 17d also demonstrated in vivo pharmacological efficacy to reduce blood lymphocyte in mice after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Deng
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201023, China
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10
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Ren F, Deng G, Wang H, Luan L, Meng Q, Xu Q, Xu H, Xu X, Zhang H, Zhao B, Li C, Guo TB, Yang J, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Jia Q, Lu H, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Lin X. Discovery of novel 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potent, orally active agonists of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P(1)). J Med Chem 2012; 55:4286-96. [PMID: 22500954 DOI: 10.1021/jm2016107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 1,2,4-thiadiazole compounds was discovered as selective S1P(1) agonists. The extensive structure-activity relationship studies for these analogues were reported. Among them, 17g was identified to show high in vitro potency with reasonable free unbound fraction in plasma (F(u) > 0.5%), good brain penetration (BBR > 0.5), and desirable pharmacokinetic properties in mouse and rat. Oral administration of 1 mg/kg 17g resulted in significant peripheral lymphocytes reduction at 4 h after dose and rapid lymphocytes recovery at 24 h. 17g showed a transient lymphopenia profile in the repeated dose study in mouse. In addition, 17g also demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of FTY720 (1) in the mouse EAE model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ren
- GlaxoSmithKline, R&D China, No. 3 Building, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PRC
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11
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Meng Q, Zhao B, Xu Q, Xu X, Deng G, Li C, Luan L, Ren F, Wang H, Xu H, Xu Y, Zhang H, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Guo TB, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Lu H, Lin X. Indole-propionic acid derivatives as potent, S1P3-sparing and EAE efficacious sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P1) receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2794-7. [PMID: 22429468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel indole-propionic acid derivatives were developed as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonists through a systematic SAR study. The optimized and S1P(3) selective S1P(1) agonist 9f induced peripheral blood lymphocyte reduction in vivo and has an excellent efficacy in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Meng
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Pudong, Shanghai, China
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12
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Xu H, Zhang H, Luan L, Xu Y, Li C, Wang Y, Han F, Yang T, Ren F, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Zhao Y, Guo TB, Lu H, Zhang W, Hirst D, Lindon M, Lin X. Discovery of thiadiazole amides as potent, S1P₃-sparing agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P₁) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2456-9. [PMID: 22386243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of GSK compound collection led to the discovery of a novel series of thiadiazole amides as potent and S1P(3)-sparing sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P(1)) receptor agonists. Synthesis, structure and activity relationship, selectivity, and some developability properties are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, R&D China, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201023, China
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13
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Wan Z, Hall A, Sang Y, Xiang JN, Yang E, Smith B, Harrison DC, Yang G, Yu H, Price HS, Wang J, Hawkins J, Lau LF, Johnson MR, Li T, Zhao W, Mitchell WL, Su X, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Jin Y, Tong Z, Cheng Z, Hussain I, Elliott JD, Matsuoka Y. Pyridine-derived γ-secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4832-5. [PMID: 21742495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SAR of a novel series of pyridine-derived γ-secretase modulators is described. Compound 5 was found to be a potent modulator in vitro, which on further profiling, was found to decrease Aβ42 and Aβ40, and maintain (or increase) the levels of total Aβ. Furthermore, representative compounds 1 and 5 demonstrated in vivo efficacy to lower Aβ42 in the brain without altering Notch processing in the peripheral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Wan
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201023, China.
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14
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Qian X, McDonald A, Zhou HJ, Adams ND, Parrish CA, Duffy KJ, Fitch DM, Tedesco R, Ashcraft LW, Yao B, Jiang H, Huang JK, Marin MV, Aroyan CE, Wang J, Ahmed S, Burgess JL, Chaudhari AM, Donatelli CA, Darcy MG, Ridgers LH, Newlander KA, Schmidt SJ, Chai D, Colón M, Zimmerman MN, Lad L, Sakowicz R, Schauer S, Belmont L, Baliga R, Pierce DW, Finer JT, Wang Z, Morgan BP, Morgans DJ, Auger KR, Sung CM, Carson JD, Luo L, Hugger ED, Copeland RA, Sutton D, Elliott JD, Jackson JR, Wood KW, Dhanak D, Bergnes G, Knight SD. Discovery of the First Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Centromere-Associated Protein E: GSK923295. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:30-4. [PMID: 24900171 DOI: 10.1021/ml900018m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mitotic kinesins represents a novel approach for the discovery of a new generation of anti-mitotic cancer chemotherapeutics. We report here the discovery of the first potent and selective inhibitor of centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) 3-chloro-N-{(1S)-2-[(N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino]-1-[(4-{8-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl}phenyl)methyl]ethyl}-4-[(1-methylethyl)oxy]benzamide (GSK923295; 1), starting from a high-throughput screening hit, 3-chloro-4-isopropoxybenzoic acid 2. Compound 1 has demonstrated broad antitumor activity in vivo and is currently in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Qian
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Andrew McDonald
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Han-Jie Zhou
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Nicholas D. Adams
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Cynthia A. Parrish
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Kevin J. Duffy
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Duke M. Fitch
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Rosanna Tedesco
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Luke W. Ashcraft
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Bing Yao
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Hong Jiang
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jennifer K. Huang
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Melchor V. Marin
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Carrie E. Aroyan
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Seyed Ahmed
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Joelle L. Burgess
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Amita M. Chaudhari
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Carla A. Donatelli
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Michael G. Darcy
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Lance H. Ridgers
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Ken A. Newlander
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Stanley J. Schmidt
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Deping Chai
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Mariela Colón
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Michael N. Zimmerman
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Latesh Lad
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Roman Sakowicz
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Stephen Schauer
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Lisa Belmont
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Ramesh Baliga
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Daniel W. Pierce
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jeffrey T. Finer
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Bradley P. Morgan
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - David J. Morgans
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Kurt R. Auger
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Chiu-Mei Sung
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jeff D. Carson
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Lusong Luo
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Erin D. Hugger
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Robert A. Copeland
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - David Sutton
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - John D. Elliott
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Jeffrey R. Jackson
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Kenneth W. Wood
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Dashyant Dhanak
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Gustave Bergnes
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Steven D. Knight
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080
- Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
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15
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Nie H, Widdowson KL, Palovich MR, Fu W, Elliott JD, Bryan DL, Burman M, Schmidt DB, Foley JJ, Sarau HM, Busch-Petersen J. N,N′-Diarylcyanoguanidines as antagonists of the CXCR2 and CXCR1 chemokine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5513-6. [PMID: 16934456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfonamidobenzene)-N'-arylcyanoguanidines was prepared. In general, these compounds proved to be potent antagonists of CXCR2 while the selectivity versus CXCR1 ranged from non-selective to >200-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nie
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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16
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Abstract
Gene identification followed by determination of the expression of genes in a given disease and understanding of the function of the gene products is central to the drug discovery process. The ability to associate a specific gene with a disease can be attributed primarily to the extraordinary progress that has been made in the areas of gene sequencing and information technologies. Selection and validation of novel molecular targets have become of great importance in light of the abundance of new potential therapeutic drug targets that have emerged from human gene sequencing. In response to this revolution within the pharmaceutical industry, the development of high-throughput methods in both biology and chemistry has been necessitated. Further, the successful translation of basic scientific discoveries into clinical experimental medicine and novel therapeutics is an increasing challenge. As such, a new paradigm for drug discovery has emerged. This process involves the integration of clinical, genetic, genomic, and molecular phenotype data partnered with cheminformatics. Central to this process, the data generated are managed, collated, and interpreted with the use of informatics. This review addresses the use of new technologies that have arisen to deal with this new paradigm.
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17
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Jin Q, Nie H, McCleland BW, Widdowson KL, Palovich MR, Elliott JD, Goodman RM, Burman M, Sarau HM, Ward KW, Nord M, Orr BM, Gorycki PD, Busch-Petersen J. Discovery of potent and orally bioavailable N,N′-diarylurea antagonists for the CXCR2 chemokine receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4375-8. [PMID: 15357956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 06/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-substituted N,N'-diarylureas was prepared and the structure-activity relationship relative to CXCR2 receptor affinity as well as their pharmacokinetic properties were examined. In vitro microsomal metabolism studies indicated that the lower clearance rates of the 3-sulfonamido-substituted compounds were most likely due to the suppression of glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA
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18
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Widdowson KL, Elliott JD, Veber DF, Nie H, Rutledge MC, McCleland BW, Xiang JN, Jurewicz AJ, Hertzberg RP, Foley JJ, Griswold DE, Martin L, Lee JM, White JR, Sarau HM. Evaluation of Potent and Selective Small-Molecule Antagonists for the CXCR2 Chemokine Receptor. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1319-21. [PMID: 14998320 DOI: 10.1021/jm034248l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-Diarylureas were prepared, and the structure-activity relationship relative to the CXCR2 receptor was examined. This led to the identification of a potent and highly selective CXCR2 antagonist, which in addition was shown to be functionally active both in vitro against human neutrophils and in vivo in rabbit models of ear edema and neutropenia.
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19
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Johnson WS, Elliott R, Elliott JD. Asymmetric synthesis via acetal templates. 4. Reactions with silylacetylenic compounds. Formation of chiral propargylic alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00347a068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Johnson WS, Elliott JD, Hanson G. Asymmetric synthesis via acetal templates. 6. A stereoselective approach to a key intermediate for the preparation of vitamin D metabolites. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00316a065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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22
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Silverman IR, Edington C, Elliott JD, Johnson WS. Asymmetric synthesis via acetal templates. 13. Preparation of aldol compounds from butane-1,3-diol acetals. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00378a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Elliott JD, Choi VMF, Johnson WS. Asymmetric synthesis via acetal templates. 5. Reactions with cyanotrimethylsilane. Enantioselective preparation of cyanohydrins and derivatives. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00161a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Bartlett PA, Johnson WS, Elliott JD. Asymmetric synthesis via acetal templates. 3. On the stereochemistry observed in the cyclization of chiral acetals of polyolefinic aldehydes; formation of optically active homoallylic alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00345a082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Douglas SA, Nambi P, Gellai M, Luengo JI, Xiang JN, Brooks DP, Ruffolo RR, Elliott JD, Ohlstein EH. Pharmacologic characterization of the novel, orally available endothelin-A--selective antagonist SB 247083. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001; 31 Suppl 1:S273-6. [PMID: 9595458 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199800001-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Competition radioligand binding with [125I]ET-1 at human cloned ETA and ETB receptors demonstrated ET-A selective affinity by SB 247083 (Ki 0.41 and 467 nM, respectively). Accordingly, similar competitive, functional ETA receptor antagonism was observed. In vitro, SB 247083 exhibited a Kb of 3.5 +/- 0.3 nM (ET-1--induced rat aortic contraction). SB 247083 was significantly less potent as a functional ETB antagonist (Kb 0.34 +/- 0.01 microM; S6c-induced rabbit pulmonary artery contraction). In contrast to ETB-selective and mixed ETA/B antagonists, and consistent with its ETA-selective profile, in vivo administration of SB 247083 was not associated with an elevation in plasma ET-1 levels. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies revealed that SB 247083 was effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A single bolus dose inhibited the hemodynamic actions of ET-1 for up to 8 h, consistent with a molecule shown to be 46% bioavailable. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that SB 247083, a unique chemical entity, represents a potent class of nonpeptide, orally active ETA-selective antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA
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26
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Abstract
Selection and validation of novel molecular targets have become of paramount importance in light of the plethora of new potential therapeutic drug targets that have emerged from human gene sequencing. In response to this revolution within the pharmaceutical industry, the development of high-throughput methods in both biology and chemistry has been necessitated. This review addresses these technological advances as well as several new areas that have been created by necessity to deal with this new paradigm, such as bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and functional genomics. With many of these key components of future drug discovery now in place, it is possible to map out a critical path for this process that will be used into the new millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Ohlstein
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the spectrum of intracranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of Wegener granulomatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR imaging studies in 19 patients with Wegener granulomatosis and possible central nervous system involvement were reviewed by two neuroradiologists. Intermediate-weighted and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images of the brain had been acquired in all patients, and spin-echo T1-weighted nonenhanced and gadolinium-enhanced images had been acquired in 18 patients. RESULTS MR imaging findings included diffuse linear dural thickening and enhancement (n = 6); focal dural thickening and enhancement contiguous with orbital, nasal, or paranasal disease (n = 5); infarcts (n = 4); nonspecific white matter areas of high signal intensity on intermediate-weighted and T2-weighted images (n = 10); enlarged pituitary gland with infundibular thickening and enhancement (n = 2); a discrete cerebellar lesion that was probably granulomatous in origin (n = 1); and cerebral (n = 8) and cerebellar atrophy (n = 2). CONCLUSION MR imaging demonstrated the wide spectrum of findings of central nervous system involvement in patients with Wegener granulomatosis and was particularly useful for the evaluation of direct intracranial spread from orbital, nasal, or paranasal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Murphy
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, England.
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28
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Lockwood CM, Elliott JD, Brettman L, Hale G, Rebello P, Frewin M, Ringler D, Merrill C, Waldmann H. Anti-adhesion molecule therapy as an interventional strategy for autoimmune inflammation. Clin Immunol 1999; 93:93-106. [PMID: 10527685 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1999.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional inactivation of leukocyte adhesion molecules has been used to intervene in the development of tissue injury in experimental models of postperfusion infarction as well as autoimmune inflammation. We investigated the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD18 in the treatment of five patients with vasculitic tissue injury sufficient to threaten infarction or gangrene. The treatment was monitored in three ways: (i) whole-body gamma camera scintiscanning of autologous indium-labeled PMN, (ii) an index of the therapeutic inhibition of adhesion derived from comparison pre, during, and post mAb treatment of the ability of patients' PMN to be aggregated after activation by fMLP, and (iii) flow cytometric analysis of PMN CD18 expression. Four of five patients given anti-CD18 at 20 mg/day for up to 3 weeks showed prompt clinical improvement, with healing of the ulceration and restoration of limb function within 4 weeks, which was sustained. The fifth patient, who was not doing well clinically, decided to withdraw from all active treatment: at autopsy there was no evidence of the underlying vasculitis evident pretreatment. Our findings suggest that anti-adhesion molecule treatment might be an effective immediate treatment in severe vasculitis especially when tissue viability is threatened by progressive infarction and/or development of gangrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lockwood
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2SP, United Kingdom
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29
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Stenberg P, Luthman K, Ellens H, Lee CP, Smith PL, Lago A, Elliott JD, Artursson P. Prediction of the intestinal absorption of endothelin receptor antagonists using three theoretical methods of increasing complexity. Pharm Res 1999; 16:1520-6. [PMID: 10554092 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015092201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three new computational strategies have been evaluated for their ability to predict intestinal membrane permeability to a series of endothelin receptor antagonists. METHODS The three methods were evaluated using a set of ten nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. The simplest method, "the rule of five", is based on 2D parameters such as the number of potential hydrogen bonds, molecular weight and calculated lipophilicity. A method based on molecular mechanics calculations is used to calculate 3D parameters such as polar and non-polar parts of the molecular surface area. The third method uses quantum mechanics to calculate molecular properties related to the valence region. RESULTS Descriptors derived by the latter two methods correlated well with permeability coefficients of the endothelin receptor antagonists. On the other hand, the rule of five failed to discriminate between drugs with high and low permeability. CONCLUSIONS Molecular surface descriptors and descriptors derived from quantum mechanics are potentially useful for the virtual screening of the permeability of the intestinal membrane to endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
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30
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Underwood DC, Bochnowicz S, Osborn RR, Luttmann MA, Louden CS, Hart TK, Elliott JD, Hay DW. Effect of SB 217242 on hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary changes in the high altitude-sensitive rat. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 1999; 12:13-26. [PMID: 10208832 DOI: 10.1006/pupt.1999.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of SB 217242, a non-peptide endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist, were investigated against hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary changes in high altitude-sensitive rats. In isolated pulmonary artery rings, SB 217242 (30 n m) antagonized ET-1-induced contractions with a p KB of 8.0. There was no difference in the sensitivity to ET-1 or the potency of SB 217242 in pulmonary artery from normoxic rats vs. rats exposed to hypoxia (9% O2) for 14 days. However, there was a marked reduction in the maximum response to ET-1, but not to KCl or phenylephrine, in pulmonary artery from hypoxic rats; this phenomenon was inhibited by treatment of animals with SB 217242 (10.8 mg/day, ip by osmotic pump) for the 14-day hypoxic period. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in carbachol-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation of precontracted pulmonary artery from hypoxic animals; SB 217242 treatment during the hypoxic period did not influence this difference. Vehicle-treated rats exposed to 14-day hypoxia had 173% higher pulmonary artery pressures and 75% higher right/left+septum ventricular mass ratios compared to normoxic animals. SB 217242 (3.6 or 10.8 mg/day, ip) markedly reduced (80 and 95%, respectively) hypoxia-induced increases in pulmonary artery pressure. Right ventricular hypertrophy was inhibited by 40% at the 10.8 mg/day dose. Marked medial thickening and luminal stenosis of small and medium-sized pulmonary arteries was observed in hypoxic rats. The SB 217242-treated, hypoxia-exposed rats had comparable small and medium-sized arteries to normoxic rats. Rats treated with SB 217242 (10.8 mg/day) for the last 14 days of a 28-day hypoxic exposure had significantly lower pulmonary artery pressures than those of vehicle-treated rats. In addition, the effects of the selective ETA receptor antagonist, SB 247083, and the selective ETB receptor antagonist, A-192621 (3.6 or 10.8 mg/day, ip), were compared against hypoxia-induced increases in pulmonary artery pressure and plasma ET concentrations. SB 247083, but not A-192621, inhibited hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, whereas A-192621, but not SB 247083, significantly exacerbated hypoxia-induced increases in ET concentrations, suggesting that hypoxia-induced pulmonary pressor responses are mediated via ETA receptor activation, while ETB receptor blockade may alter clearance of hypoxia-induced elevated plasma ET. The inhibitory effects of SB 217242 on the functional and remodeling changes induced by hypoxia provide further evidence that ET may play a central role in pulmonary hypertension and that ET receptor antagonists may have a utility in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Underwood
- Department of Pulmonary Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, 19406, USA.
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Raval P, Bingham S, Aiyar N, Elliott JD, Hunter AJ, Ohlstein EH, Parsons AA. Trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced neurovascular reflexes in the anaesthetized cat: role of endothelin(B) receptors in carotid vasodilatation. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:485-93. [PMID: 10077242 PMCID: PMC1565817 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of intravenous administration of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists SB-209670 (0.001-10.0 mg kg(-1)), SB-217242, SB-234551 (0.01-10.0 mg kg(-1)) and BQ-788 (0.001-1.0 mg kg(-1)) were investigated on trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced neurovascular reflexes in the carotid vasculature of the anaesthetized cat. Comparisons were made with sumatriptan (0.003-3.0 mg kg(-1)) and alpha-CGRP8-37 (0.001-0.1 mg kg(-1)). 2. Trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation produced frequency related increases in carotid blood flow, reductions in carotid vascular resistance and non-frequency related increases in blood pressure. Guanethidine (3 mg kg(-1), i.v.) blocked trigeminal nerve ganglion-induced increases in blood pressure but had no effect on changes in carotid flow or resistance. Maximal reductions in carotid vascular resistance was observed at 10 Hz, and this frequency was selected to investigate the effects of drugs on trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced responses in guanethidine treated cats. 3. Saline, alpha-CGRP8-37 SB-209670 and BQ-788 had little or no effect on resting haemodynamic parameters. SB-217242 (10 mg kg(-1), n=3) produced a 56% reduction in arterial blood pressure whereas SB-233451 (10 mg kg(-1), n=3) produced a 30% reduction in carotid vascular resistance. Sumatriptan produced dose-related reductions in resting carotid flow and increases (max. 104% at 0.3 mg kg(-1), n = 5) in vascular resistance. 4. SB-209670 (n=6-7), SB-217242 (n=3) and BQ-788 (n=3) produced inhibition of trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation-induced reductions in carotid vascular resistance. Saline, SB-234551, alpha-CGRP8-37 and sumatriptan had no effect. 5. These data demonstrate ET(B) receptor blockade attenuates the vasodilator effects of trigeminal nerve ganglion stimulation in the carotid vascular bed of guanethidine pretreated anaesthetized cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Raval
- Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, England, U.K
| | - Sharon Bingham
- Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, England, U.K
| | - Nambi Aiyar
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, U.S.A
| | - John D Elliott
- Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, U.S.A
| | - A Jackie Hunter
- Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, England, U.K
| | - Eliot H Ohlstein
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, U.S.A
| | - Andrew A Parsons
- Neurosciences Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, England, U.K
- Author for correspondence:
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Elliott JD, Lockwood CM, Hale G, Waldmann H. Semi-specific immuno-absorption and monoclonal antibody therapy in ANCA positive vasculitis: experience in four cases. Autoimmunity 1998; 28:163-71. [PMID: 9867129 DOI: 10.3109/08916939808996285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of renal limited systemic vasculitis usually involves a combination of cytotoxic drugs and steroids. As shown by randomised prospective controlled trial, plasmapheresis may be of additional benefit for the management of patients with renal involvement severe enough to require dialysis support. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm (ANCA) may play a role in the pathogenesis of the primary vasculitides by promoting neutrophil mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity. This has led to new strategies for treatment based on firstly, the use of semi-specific immunoabsorption (IA) devices to remove circulating autoantibodies, and secondly, the use of 'Humanised' monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with specificity for lymphocytes, particularly T lymphocytes. We have treated four patients, two with ANCA specificity for proteinase 3 (PR3), and two with specificity for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Semi-specific IA was carried out by plasmapheresis through extracorporeal online devices, using L tryptophan as the immobilised immunoabsorbant. Of the four patients who received IA, three showed substantial depletion in ANCA titres and resolution of clinical symptoms. The MAbs were subsequently used to attempt to obtain long-term control of ANCA synthesis. These results suggest that an optimal strategy for treatment of systemic vasculitis might consist of specific IA, using immobilised ANCA antigens to deplete circulating vasculotoxic antibodies, combined with MAb therapy to restore immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Elliott
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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Ohlstein EH, Nambi P, Hay DW, Gellai M, Brooks DP, Luengo J, Xiang JN, Elliott JD. Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. XI. Pharmacological characterization of SB 234551, a high-affinity and selective nonpeptide ETA receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 286:650-6. [PMID: 9694916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the pharmacological profile of ((E)-alpha-[[1-butyl-5-[2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)methoxy]-4-methoxy-phenyl ]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methlene]-6-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5-propanoic acid) (SB 234551), a high-affinity, nonpeptide endothelin type A (ETA)-selective receptor antagonist. In human cloned ETA and endothelin type B (ETB) receptors, SB 234551 produced a concentration-dependent displacement of [125I]-endothelin-1 with Ki values of 0.13 and 500 nM, respectively. SB 234551 elicited concentration-dependent, rightward competitive shifts in the endothelin-1 concentration-response curves in isolated rat aorta and isolated human pulmonary artery (ETA receptor-mediated vascular contraction) with Kb values of 1.9 and 1.0 nM, respectively. SB 234551 antagonized ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the isolated rabbit pulmonary artery, as demonstrated by concentration-dependent, rightward shifts in the sarafotoxin S6c concentration-response curves (Kb = 555 nM). SB 234551 produced weak functional inhibition of sarafotoxin S6c-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation (IC50 = 7 microM). SB 234551 (10 microM) had no significant effect against contraction produced by several other vasoactive agents and did not significantly influence radioligand binding to a number of diverse receptors. SB 234551 (0. 1-1.0 mg/kg i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the pressor response to exogenous endothelin-1 in conscious rats. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in the rat demonstrated that SB 234551 was rapidly absorbed from the GI tract with a bioavailability of 30%. SB 234551 had a plasma half-life of 125 min and a systemic clearance of 25.0 ml/min/kg. The present study demonstrates that SB 234551 is an antagonist with high affinity for the ETA receptor, while sparing the ETB receptor. SB 234551 is a new pharmacological tool that should assist in the elucidation of the role of endothelin in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Ohlstein
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Pulmonary Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
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Xiang JN, Nambi P, Ohlstein EH, Elliott JD. An efficient approach to the synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-1,2,3,4-[4H]-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:695-700. [PMID: 9681135 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J N Xiang
- Research and Development, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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Brooks DP, DePalma PD, Pullen M, Elliott JD, Ohlstein EH, Nambi P. SB 234551, a novel endothelin--A receptor antagonist, unmasks endothelin-induced renal vasodilatation in the dog. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 31 Suppl 1:S339-41. [PMID: 9595475 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199800001-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infusion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) into conscious, chronically instrumented dogs (10 ng/kg.min i.v.) resulted in a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and significant reductions in renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium excretion. Intravenous infusion of SB 209670 (30 micrograms/kg.min, i.v.) abolished these responses, whereas infusion of SB 234551 (30 micrograms/kg.min, i.v.) resulted in significant increases in renal plasma flow and urinary sodium excretion. These data indicate that SB 234551 can unmask ETB receptor-induced renal vasodilatation and inhibition of sodium reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Brooks
- Department of Renal Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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37
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Abstract
SB 209670 reduced basal mean arterial pressure (16%) without affecting left-circumflex coronary artery (LCX) flow, cardiac output, heart rate, or global/regional myocardial contractility. In vehicle-treated animals, i.e. endothelin (ET)-1 produced an initial hyperemic response in the LCX, followed by a secondary reduction in flow. This response was accomplished by decreases in LCX regional wall fractional shortening, +dP/dt and -dP/dt, but an increase in left anterior wall fractional shortening. ET-1 also produced dose-related, fatal ventricular fibrillation. Whereas SB 209670 administration did not inhibit the initial increase in coronary flow produced by ET-1, the secondary constrictor responses were markedly antagonized. SB 209670 also attenuated the reduction in LCX regional wall fractional shortening and converted the increase in left anterior wall contractility to a reduction in contractility. Although SB 209670 produced only a modest inhibition of the ET-1-mediated reductions in dP/dt, the induction of fatal ventricular arrhythmias was completely abolished. Therefore, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the coronary ischemic and proarrythmic actions of ET-1 are distinct. Therefore, ET receptor antagonists may be useful in treatment of disturbances in cardiac rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Willette RN, Sauermelch CF, Storer BL, Guiney S, Luengo JI, Xiang JN, Elliott JD, Ohlstein EH. Plasma- and cerebrospinal fluid-immunoreactive endothelin-1: effects of nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists with diverse affinity profiles for endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998; 31 Suppl 1:S149-57. [PMID: 9595425 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199800001-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists have been reported to elevate plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 (irET-1). However, there is no information regarding the effects of ET receptor antagonists on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels. To better understand the regulation of circulating and CSF ET-1, the effects of several nonpeptide antagonists with high, intermediate, or low affinity at the ETB receptor, as well as the potent ETB selective agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c), were characterized and compared. The effects of SB209670 (Ki ETA = 0.2 nM; Ki ETB = 12 nM), SB217242 (Ki ETA = 1.1 nM; Ki ETB = 111 nM), SB234551 (Ki ETA = 0.1 nM; Ki ETB = 500 nM), SB247083 (Ki ETA = 0.4 nM; Ki ETB = 467 nM), and S6c (Ki ETA = 950 nM; Ki ETB = 1 nM) on plasma irET-1 were determined by ELISA in the anesthetized dog after i.v. administration. Systemic administration of equivalent doses of the nonpeptide ET receptor antagonists produced dose-related elevations in plasma irET-1 which were correlated (p = 0.019) with affinity at the ETB receptor. There was no significant correlation with affinity at the ETA receptor. In addition, the plasma irET-1 and ET antagonist concentrations were linearly correlated (r = 0.98) throughout the time course after antagonist administration. There was no evidence of densensitization after three bolus administrations performed at 2-h intervals (SB209670, 1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.). Elevations in plasma irET-1 (four- to fivefold) were also observed after systemic administration of S6c (1 nmol/kg i.v.). The administration of L-NAME (200 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, increased blood pressure (33%) but did not alter plasma irET-1. In contrast, systemic administration of the ET receptor antagonists had little or no effect on the on irET-1 in the CSF. However, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of SB209670 produced a dose-related (3-100 micrograms) increase in cisternal CSF levels of irET-1 without altering plasma irET-1. Systemic administration of ETB receptor antagonists and agonists rapidly increased plasma irET-1. These ETB receptor antagonist effects correlate linearly with affinity at the cloned human ETB receptor, do not exhibit desensitization, and do not appear to reflect inhibition of ETB-mediated NO production. The endothelial ETB receptor may represent a high-capacity storage/clearance site for circulating ET-1. ET receptor antagonists may also act extravascularly/abluminally to increase irET-1 in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Willette
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutics, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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Abstract
The development of endothelin receptor antagonists has progressed rapidly since the initial discovery of endothelin. Highly potent, orally active nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists have been identified, and are being used as pharmacological tools to elucidate the role of endothelin in pathological disorders. Subtype selective endothelin receptor antagonists will also be useful in understanding the physiological and pathological roles of the different subtypes of the endothelin receptors. The selectivity profile for the ideal endothelin receptor antagonist is presently unknown, and it may actually be that the optimal profile for a compound may depend on the clinical indication. In the near future, data from clinical trials with endothelin receptor antagonists will become available and will help to establish the role of endothelin in the etiology of human disease, as well as to provide valuable information concerning the optimum endothelin receptor subtype selectivity for antagonists needed for therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Ohlstein
- Departments of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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Keller PM, Lee CP, Fenwick AE, Atkinson ST, Elliott JD, DeWolf WE. Endothelin-converting enzyme: substrate specificity and inhibition by novel analogs of phosphoramidon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 223:372-8. [PMID: 8670289 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin converting enzyme was partially purified by detergent extraction and ion exchange chromatography from porcine aortic endothelial cells. This kinetically homogeneous preparation catalyzes the hydrolysis of porcine big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1 with a pH optimum of 7. Human big endothelins-1, -2, and -3 are also hydrolyzed, but at progressively lower rates. Fragments of big porcine endothelin-1 comprising residues 16-39 and 16-29 are good substrates, but additional C-terminal truncations are devoid of substrate activity. Endothelin converting enzyme is characteristically inhibited by phosphoramidon and other metalloproteinase inhibitors including EDTA, o-phenanthroline, and diethylpyrocarbonate, but not by inhibitors of other classes of proteases or thiorphan. The inhibition by phosphoramidon is competitive with big porcine endothelin-1 suggestive of a common binding site for substrate and inhibitor. A number of novel analogs of phosphoramidon were synthesized by modifying various regions of the molecule and tested for inhibitory activity. The most potent of these, a methylphosphonic acid, has an IC50 of 0.05 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Keller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Development Division, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
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Abstract
Progress in our understanding of endothelins has been extremely rapid since their discovery in 1988. A number of pharmaceutical companies have developed potent, orally active, nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists with efficacies in a wide variety of animal disease models and potential for treating human disease. However, only time will tell whether or not these compounds are developed into drugs that are perceived as worthy of a place in the therapeutic marketplace. If this is the case, endothelin will have been promoted from the status of striking scientific discovery to therapeutic target in a remarkably short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Warner
- William Harvey Research Institute, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, UK
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Ohlstein EH, Nambi P, Lago A, Hay DW, Beck G, Fong KL, Eddy EP, Smith P, Ellens H, Elliott JD. Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. VI: Pharmacological characterization of SB 217242, a potent and highly bioavailable endothelin receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 276:609-15. [PMID: 8632328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the pharmacological characterization of SB 217242, a highly potent orally bioavailable nonpeptide antagonist of both endothelin type A (ETA) and endothelin type B (ETB) receptors. In human cloned ETA and ETB receptors, SB 217242 produced concentration-dependent displacement of [125]I-endothelin-1 (ET-1) in both receptor subtypes with Ki values of 1.1 and 111 nM, respectively. SB 217242 produced concentration-dependent, parallel rightward shifts in the ET-1 concentration-response curves in rat isolated aorta and human isolated pulmonary artery (ETA receptor-mediated vascular contraction) with Kb values of 4.4 and 5.0 nM, respectively. SB 217242 was 4-, 62- and 125-fold more potent as an ETA receptor antagonist than the previously reported compounds BQ-123, PD 142893 and Ro 46-2005, respectively. SB 217242 (10 microM) did not produce significant effects against contraction produced by other vasoactive agents. SB 217242 produced concentration-dependent antagonism of responses produced by ETB receptor activation as demonstrated by antagonism of sarafotoxin S6c-mediated contraction in the rabbit isolated pulmonary artery with a Kb value of 352 nM. In vitro cell monolayers of Caco-2 cells had high permeability to SB 217242. In vivo pharmacokinetics in the rat confirmed that SB 217242 was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with a bioavailability of 66%. The SB 217242 plasma half-life in rats after intraduodenal administration was 3.3 hr, with a systemic clearance of 27.3 ml/min/kg. Orally administered SB 217242 (0.3-30 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent inhibition of the pressor response to exogenous ET-1 in conscious rats; with a dose of 30 mg/kg p.o., inhibition was observed for at least 5.5 hr. The present study demonstrates that SB 217242 is a highly potent antagonist of both ETA and ETB receptors. In addition, SB 217242 has high in vitro permeability and high oral bioavailability. SB 217242 represents a new orally active pharmacological tool that should assist in the elucidation of the chronic role of endothelin in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Ohlstein
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gellai M, Jugus M, Fletcher T, Nambi P, Ohlstein EH, Elliott JD, Brooks DP. Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. V: Prevention and reversal of acute renal failure in the rat by SB 209670. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 275:200-6. [PMID: 7562550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the mixed endothelin (ETA/ETB) receptor antagonist (+/-)-SB 209670 to prevent and reverse ischemia-induced acute renal failure (ARF) was studied in rats with moderate and severe ARF. Uninephrectomized, chronically instrumented Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Moderate and severe ARF was induced by occlusion of the renal artery for 30 and 45 min, respectively. During the 24 hr after 30-min ischemia (moderate ARF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased by 95%, and fractional excretion of sodium increased from 0.6% to 10%. Infusion of (+/-)-SB 209670 at 10, 30 and 100 micrograms/kg.min for 30 min before, during and 60 min after renal ischemia had a moderate effect on renal function. Thus, with the highest dose, the ischemia-induced reduction in GFR was 70%. This dose, however, had no effect in rats when given before, during and after 45 min of renal ischemia (severe ARF). In contrast, when infused at 30 micrograms/kg.min for 3 hr on the day after ischemia, (+/-)-SB 209670 markedly increased survival rate (75%) in rats with severe ARF by significantly increasing tubular reabsorption of Na+, followed by a slow and gradual increase in GFR and reversal of the increase in plasma K+ concentration. Data from acute renal clearance studies in rats with moderate ARF showed that when infused 24 hr after ischemia, (+/-)-SB 209670 acutely reversed the impairment in sodium reabsorption without increasing GFR or renal blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gellai
- Department of Renal Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Douglas SA, Beck GR, Elliott JD, Ohlstein EH. Pharmacological evidence for the presence of three distinct functional endothelin receptor subtypes in the rabbit lateral saphenous vein. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 114:1529-40. [PMID: 7599920 PMCID: PMC1510370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb14936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Contraction of the rabbit isolated saphenous vein is mediated by a heterogeneous endothelin (ET) receptor population. This study has characterized these receptor subtypes by use of several pharmacologically distinct ET receptor agonists and antagonists. 2. ET-1, ET-3, sarafotoxin S6c (STXc) and [Ala3,11]ET-1 produced biphasic, concentration-dependent contractions of the saphenous vein, responses which were best fitted by a two-site model comprised of a high (pM) and a low (nM) affinity site. In contrast, IRL 1620 only recognized one of these sites. ET(16-21) was devoid of contractile activity. ET-1, ET-3 and STXc were equipotent at the high affinity site (pD2s of 12.0 +/- 0.2, 12.2 +/- 0.2 and 12.3 +/- 0.3) indicating that this site had the characteristics of an ETB receptor. In contrast, the low affinity site had the functional characteristics of an ETc receptor since the pD2s for ET-3 (10.2 +/- 0.3) and STXc (10.6 +/- 0.3) were significantly greater than that for ET-1 (9.1 +/- 0.1). These contractile responses were insensitive to BQ-123, confirming that ETA receptors were not involved in mediating this effect. 3. SB 209670 differentially antagonized the high affinity phases of the isopeptide concentration-response curves in a fashion dependent on the competing agonist: relative to the KB obtained against STXc (0.15 nM). SB 209670 was 10 fold less potent when ET-1 was used as the competing agonist. This differential effect was not evident at the low affinity site (KB = 38 nM). SB 209670 produced parallel, concentration-dependent rightward shifts in the concentration-response curve to STXc Ro 47-0203 was approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude less potent than SB 209670 at inhibiting the high affinity component of the concentration-response curve to STXc, whereas BQ-788 and Ro 46-2005 were approximately 3 orders of magnitude less potent than SB 209670. In addition to RES-701 and BQ-123, the high affinity site was insensitive to PD 142893 suggesting that it may represent an ETB2 receptor. Ro 47-0203 and SB 209670 were equipotent at inhibiting the low affinity component of the STXc concentration-response curve. Although Ro 46-2005, BQ-788, PD 142893 and RES-701 produced significant antagonism at the low affinity site, they were at least ten fold less potent than SB 209670. 4. ET-1, ET-3 and STXc produced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the precontracted saphenous vein. Antagonist IC50s were approximated as being: SB 209670, 3 nM; BQ-788 and RES 701,300 nM; Ro 46-2005 and PD 142893, 3 microM; BQ-123, > 10 .M, consistent with vasorelaxation being mediated by an ETB1 receptor.5. In summary, three pharmacologically distinct ET receptor subtypes have been identified in the rabbits aphenous vein. Two contractile receptors are present on the vascular smooth muscle, a high affinity site with the characteristics of an ETB2 receptor and a distinct lower affinity site with the characteristics of an ETc receptor. In addition, an ETBI receptor is present on the endothelium which mediates the vasodilator actions of this peptide family.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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Douglas SA, Gellai M, Ezekiel M, Feuerstein GZ, Elliott JD, Ohlstein EH. Antihypertensive actions of the novel nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist SB 209670. Hypertension 1995; 25:818-22. [PMID: 7721437 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.25.4.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Indirect evidence has implicated endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In the present study we examined such a role directly with SB 209670, a novel nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist. The antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of SB 209670 were examined in conscious, unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and renin-hypertensive rats. Sustained intravenous infusion of SB 209670 (10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 6 hours) produced a significant, reversible reduction in mean arterial pressure in SHR but not in WKY rats. The antihypertensive response to 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 SB 209670 (approximately 25 mm Hg reduction in blood pressure) was associated with bradycardia (16% decrease in heart rate) but only a minimal reduction (3%) in cardiac output, because stroke volume was evaluated (by 15%). Therefore, the antihypertensive effect of SB 209670 resulted from a decrease (13%) in total peripheral resistance. A sustained antihypertensive effect could also be observed after intraduodenal administration of SB 209670 (3 mg/kg) in conscious SHR (reduction of approximately 35 mm Hg 5 hours after administration). SB 209670 (3 mg/kg intravenous bolus) did not alter the pressor response or tachycardia observed in pithed SHR after stimulation of thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow. SB 209670 was also antihypertensive in renin-hypertensive rats, lowering blood pressure to an extent similar to that observed in SHR. Thus, the data presented provide evidence to support a role for endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of two animal models of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (UW 2510), SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA
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Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of SB 209670, a high affinity non-peptide endothelin receptor antagonist (0.4 and 18 nM Kis at human cloned ETA and ETB receptors, respectively), to inhibit the haemodynamic actions of endothelin-1 in vivo. 2. Systemic administration of (+/-)-SB 209670, given either as a bolus i.v. injection or as a continuous i.v. infusion, did not alter basal haemodynamic parameters in the anaesthetized rat. 3. Infusion of (+/-)-SB 209670 (10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) selectively inhibited the depressor and carotid vasodilator response to exogenous endothelin-1: 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1 was required to inhibit significantly the biphasic haemodynamic actions of endothelin-1. The haemodynamic actions of angiotensin II and calcitonin gene-related peptide were unaltered by 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1 (+/-)-SB 209670. 4. Bolus i.v. administration of (+/-)-SB 209670 (1 mg kg-1) selectively inhibited the depressor and carotid vasodilator actions of endothelin-1: 10 mg kg-1 (+/-)-SB 209670 was required to inhibit the secondary vasoconstrictor actions of endothelin-1. 5. (+/-)-SB 209670 (10 mg kg-1) was also effective at antagonizing the pressor actions of endothelin-1 in the conscious rat for up to 3 h after intraduodenal administration thereby demonstrating that the antagonist was bioavailable upon enteric administration. This dose of (+/-)-SB 209670 did not alter basal haemodynamic parameters in the conscious rat. 6. Thus, ( +/- )-SB 209670 is an effective endothelin receptor antagonist in vivo. Using the doses defined in this study, SB 209670 may, therefore, serve as a useful tool for understanding the role of endogenous endothelin-I in the control of cardiovascular function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939
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47
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Ohlstein EH, Beck GR, Douglas SA, Nambi P, Lago MA, Gleason JG, Ruffolo RR, Feuerstein G, Elliott JD. Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. II. Pharmacological characterization of SB 209670. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 271:762-8. [PMID: 7965794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological characterization of SB 209670, a highly potent nonpeptide endothelin ETA/ETB receptor antagonist was performed. SB 209670 produced concentration-dependent, parallel rightward shifts in the ET-1 concentration-response curves in the isolated rat aorta (ETA receptor-mediated vascular contraction). The Kb for inhibition of ETA receptor-mediated contraction by SB 209670 was 0.4 +/- 0.04 nM. Inhibition by SB 209670 was stereoselective as the (+)-antipode of SB 209670 was approximately 575-fold more potent than the (-)-antipode. Relative to other ET receptor antagonists, the potency of SB 209670 for inhibiting ETA receptor-mediated vascular contraction was 45-, 180- and 775-fold more potent than the ETA selective antagonist BQ-123, or the mixed ETA/ETB receptor antagonists bosentan or PD142893, respectively. The pharmacological antagonism produced by SB 209670 was specific for ET-1. SB 209670 inhibited ETB receptors in the isolated rabbit pulmonary artery as demonstrated by concentration-dependent, parallel rightward shifts in either the ET-1 or sarafotoxin S6c (S6c) concentration-response curves. The Kb values for inhibition were 200 +/- 9 and 52 +/- 14 nM for ET-1 and S6c, respectively. In contrast, neither the ETB selective antagonist RES-701 (10 microM) nor BQ-123 (10 microM) inhibited S6c-mediated vasoconstriction. However, PD 142893 (10 microM) and bosentan (10 microM) produced a small rightward shift in the S6c concentration-response curve, each with Kb values of 1.5 to 3.7 microM. In isolated human circumflex coronary arteries, (+/-)-SB 209670 inhibited ET-1 mediated contraction with a Kb value of 7 +/- 3 nM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Ohlstein
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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Brooks DP, dePalma PD, Gellai M, Nambi P, Ohlstein EH, Elliott JD, Gleason JG, Ruffolo RR. Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. III. Effect of SB 209670 and BQ123 on acute renal failure in anesthetized dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 271:769-75. [PMID: 7965795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) is a potent vasoconstrictor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF). In order to investigate the potential role of ET in ARF in the dog, the effect of a mixed ETA and ETB receptor antagonist, (+/-)-SB 209670, [(1RS-2SR,3RS)-3-(2-carboxymethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5- (prop-1-yloxy) indane-2-carboxylic acid], and a selective ETA antagonist, BQ123, were evaluated in anesthetized uninephrectomized dogs undergoing 60 min of renal occlusion. (+/-)-SB 209670 (1 microgram/kg/min) and BQ123 (10 micrograms/kg/min) were infused directly into the renal artery (intrarenal) for 30 min before renal occlusion, during occlusion and for 60 min after reperfusion at doses that inhibited the renal vasoconstrictor effects of intrarenal renal artery infusions of ET-1. Renal occlusion resulted in a significant reduction in inulin clearance (from 26.2 +/- 1.8 to 3.2 +/- 1.1 ml/min). This response was significantly (P < .05) attenuated by (+/-)-SB 209670 (from 23.5 +/- 2.2 to 7.6 +/- 2.0 ml/min) but not by BQ123 (from 23.5 +/- 1.7 to 4.9 +/- 1.2 ml/min). Endogenous creatinine clearance showed the same pattern. After renal artery occlusion, fractional sodium and fractional potassium excretions were increased significantly. (+/-)-SB 209670, but not BQ123, resulted in a significant reduction in fractional sodium; however, neither compound altered fractional potassium excretion. The data suggest that ET receptor antagonists, possibly by altering tubular sodium reabsorption, may be beneficial in ischemia-induced ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Brooks
- Department of Renal Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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Nambi P, Elshourbagy N, Wu HL, Pullen M, Ohlstein EH, Brooks DP, Lago MA, Elliott JD, Gleason JG, Ruffolo RR. Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. I. Effects on binding and signal transduction on human endothelinA and endothelinB receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 271:755-61. [PMID: 7965793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a series of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists, including the novel nonpeptide receptor antagonist, SB 209670, on [125I]ET-1 binding to human ET receptors (ETA and ETB) cloned and stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was studied. SB 209670 was found to compete for [125I]ET-1 binding with apparent Ki values of 0.43 +/- 0.09 and 14.7 +/- 3.0 nM for ETA and ETB receptors, respectively. This inhibition was competitive because addition of SB 209670 in saturation binding experiments resulted in decreased affinity, with no change in maximum binding. In addition, SB 209670 inhibited ET-1-mediated accumulation of inositol phosphates and intracellular calcium release in a concentration-dependent manner. The racemic mixtures, (+/-)-SB 209670 and (-)-SB 209670, were approximately 1.5 and at least 200-fold less potent than SB 209670. The binding affinity of (+/-)-SB 209670 therefore resides in (+)-antipode. The peptide antagonists, BQ123 (ETA-selective) and RES 701 (ETB-selective), were 40- and 6-fold less potent than SB 209670 in inhibition of [125I] ET-1 binding to ETA and ETB receptors, respectively. The nonselective peptide antagonist, PD 142893, was 75- and 10-fold less potent than SB 209670, whereas the nonpeptide antagonist, bosentan, was approximately 80- and approximately 30-fold less potent than SB 209670 in inhibition of [125I]ET-1 binding to ETA and ETB receptors, respectively. Thus, the present studies indicate clearly that SB 209670 is the most potent nonpeptide ET receptor antagonist yet described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nambi
- Department of Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
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50
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Lee JA, Elliott JD, Sutiphong JA, Friesen WJ, Ohlstein EH, Stadel JM, Gleason JG, Peishoff CE. Tyr-129 is important to the peptide ligand affinity and selectivity of human endothelin type A receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:7164-8. [PMID: 8041764 PMCID: PMC44359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular modeling and protein engineering techniques have been used to study residues within G-protein-coupled receptors that are potentially important to ligand binding and selectivity. In this study, Tyr-129 located in transmembrane domain 2 of the human endothelin (ET) type A receptor A (hETA) was targeted on the basis of differences between the hETA and type B receptor (hETB) sequences and the position of the residue on ET receptor models built using the coordinates of bacteriorhodopsin. Replacement of Tyr-129 of hETA by alanine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, lysine, serine, or phenylalanine results in receptor variants with enhanced ET-3 and sarafotoxin 6C affinities but with unchanged ET-1 and ET-2 affinities. Except for Tyr-129-->Phe hETA, these hETA variants have two to three orders of magnitude lower binding affinity for the ETA-selective antagonist BQ123. Replacement of His-150, the residue in hETB that is analogous in sequence to Tyr-129 of hETA, by either tyrosine or alanine does not affect the affinity of peptide ligands. These results indicate that although transmembrane domain 2 is important in ligand selectivity for hETA, it does not play a significant role in the lack of ligand selectivity shown by hETB. Chimeric receptors have been constructed that further support these conclusions and indicate that at least two hETA regions contribute to ligand selectivity. Additionally, the data support an overlap in the binding site in hETA of agonists ET-3 and sarafotoxin 6C with that of the antagonist BQ123.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Sciences, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406
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