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Atigadda VR, Kashyap MP, Yang Z, Chattopadhyay D, Melo N, Sinha R, Belyaeva OV, Chou CF, Chang PL, Kedishvili NY, Grubbs CJ, Renfrow MB, Muccio DD, Elmets CA, Athar M. Conformationally Defined Rexinoids for the Prevention of Inflammation and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14409-14423. [PMID: 36318154 PMCID: PMC9942614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 is a potent rexinoid that is highly effective in cancer chemoprevention but elevates serum triglycerides. In an effort to separate the lipid toxicity from the anticancer activity of 1, we synthesized four new analogs of rexinoid 1, of which three rexinoids did not elevate serum triglycerides. Rexinoids 3 and 4 are twice as potent as rexinoid 1 in binding to Retinoid X receptor (RXR). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays a key role in maintaining skin homeostasis, and rexinoids 3-6 are highly effective in upregulating the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of ATRA. Inflammation plays a key role in skin cancer, and rexinoids 3 and 4 are highly effective in diminishing LPS-induced inflammation. Rexinoids 3 and 4 are highly effective in preventing UVB-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) without displaying any overt toxicities. Biophysical studies of rexinoids 3 and 5 bound to hRXRα-ligand binding domain (LBD) reveal important conformational and dynamical differences in the ligand binding domain.
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2
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Li T, Wang T, Wang L, Liu R, Zhang L, Zhai R, Fu F. Antinociceptive effects of rotigotine-loaded microspheres and its synergistic interactions with analgesics in inflammatory pain in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173693. [PMID: 33160937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS) are sustained-release formulations with prolonged anti-Parkinson's effects. Given that pain is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease, this study investigated the antinociceptive effects of RoMS and their synergistic effects with analgesics on inflammatory pain. A model of inflammatory pain was prepared by intraplantarly injecting male Sprague-Dawley rats with carrageenan. The antinociceptive effects of RoMS, acetaminophen, and tramadol, both alone and in combination, were evaluated using the hind paw withdrawal latency in the hot plate test and Randall-Selitto test. The rotigotine concentrations in serum and tissues were assayed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Isobolographic analysis was performed to evaluate the nature of the interactions of RoMS with acetaminophen or tramadol. The results showed that hind paw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimuli was significantly increased on day 3 and 7 after administered RoMS. Rotigotine could be detected in serum and tissues 3 and 7 days after an intramuscular injection of RoMS. However, the rotigotine concentration fell the detection limit of the assay on day 14 after administration. RoMS produced synergistic antinociceptive effects in the inflammatory pain model when RoMS is combined with acetaminophen or tramadol. These findings suggest that RoMS can relieve inflammatory pain in rats. Furthermore, the combination of RoMS with acetaminophen or tramadol produces synergistic antinociception, which may be clinically worthy because combination therapies may reduce the drug doses required for antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Rong Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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Moerland JA, Zhang D, Reich LA, Carapellucci S, Lockwood B, Leal AS, Krieger-Burke T, Aleiwi B, Ellsworth E, Liby KT. The novel rexinoid MSU-42011 is effective for the treatment of preclinical Kras-driven lung cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22244. [PMID: 33335263 PMCID: PMC7746742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective drugs are needed for lung cancer, as this disease remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Rexinoids are promising drug candidates for cancer therapy because of their ability to modulate genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation or differentiation, and apoptosis through activation of the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The only currently FDA-approved rexinoid, bexarotene, is ineffective as a single agent for treating epithelial cancers and induces hypertriglyceridemia. Here, we used a previously validated screening paradigm to evaluate 23 novel rexinoids for biomarkers related to efficacy and safety. These biomarkers include suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). Because of its potent iNOS suppression, low SREBP induction, and activation of RXR, MSU-42011 was selected as our lead compound. We next used MSU-42011 to treat established tumors in a clinically relevant Kras-driven mouse model of lung cancer. KRAS is one of the most common driver mutations in human lung cancer and correlates with aggressive disease progression and poor patient prognosis. Ultrasound imaging was used to detect and monitor tumor development and growth over time in the lungs of the A/J mice. MSU-42011 markedly decreased the tumor number, size, and histopathology of lung tumors compared to the control and bexarotene groups. Histological sections of lung tumors in mice treated with MSU-42011 exhibited reduced cell density and fewer actively proliferating cells compared to the control and bexarotene-treated tumors. Although bexarotene significantly (p < 0.01) elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, treatment with MSU-42011 did not increase these biomarkers, demonstrating a more favorable toxicity profile in vivo. The combination of MSU-42011 and carboplatin and paclitaxel reduced macrophages in the lung and increased activation markers of CD8+T cells compared to the control groups. Our results validate our screening paradigm for in vitro testing of novel rexinoids and demonstrate the potential for MSU-42011 to be developed for the treatment of KRAS-driven lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lyndsey A Reich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Carapellucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Beth Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ana S Leal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Teresa Krieger-Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- In Vivo Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bilal Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Medicial Chemistry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Medicial Chemistry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Dong X, Zheng M, Qu L, Shi L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu X, Qiu Y, Zhu H. Sorption of Tonalide, Musk Xylene, Galaxolide, and Musk Ketone by microplastics of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 144:129-133. [PMID: 31179978 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of time, temperature, and salinity on the adsorption of Tonalide (AHTN), Musk Xylene (MX), Galaxolide (HHCB), and Musk Ketone (MK) by microplastics of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are studied. Results indicate that the equilibrium sorption time was about 10 h and the adsorption kinetics model conformed to the first-order adsorption kinetic model and pseudo-second order kinetic model, this indicates that the main adsorption mechanism might be chemical adsorption and physical absorption. Adsorption reached a nadir at 15 °C and 14% salinity. The adsorption capacity gradually increases, and then decreases, finally increases with an increase in NaCl concentration. Due to the specific surface area and the pore volume of PVC was larger than PE, the adsorption capacity of PVC was higher than that of PE in the equal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dong
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Minggang Zheng
- Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Lingyun Qu
- Research Center for Marine Ecology, The First Institute of Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Chen P, Chen F, Zhou BH. Compatibility and stability of dezocine and tropisetron in 0.9% sodium chloride injection for patient-controlled analgesia administration. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13698. [PMID: 30558082 PMCID: PMC6319974 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropisetron is an adjuvant for dezocine used in intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and has been reported to provide superior pain control. It is efficacious in reducing the institutional incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), which decreases resource utilization and cost. However, no scientific evidence has been reported in the literature demonstrating analytical confirmation of the compatibility and stability of the combination of dezocine and tropisetron. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the stability of dezocine with tropisetron in 0.9% sodium chloride injection form for PCA administration.Commercial solutions of dezocine and tropisetron were combined and examined for compatibility and stability when diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection in polyolefin bags and glass bottles stored at 4°C or 25°C for up to 14 days. The initial concentrations were 40 mg/100 mL dezocine and 5 mg/100 mL tropisetron. For all samples, the compatibility parameters (including precipitation, cloudiness, discoloration, and pH values) were evaluated. Chemical stability was also determined using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis.After a 14-day period of storage at 4°C or 25°C, the initial concentrations of dezocine and tropisetron were maintained at at least 98%. All of the mixtures remained clear and colorless throughout the observation period, and no color change or precipitation was observed.These results indicated that admixtures of 40 mg/100 mL dezocine and 5 mg/100 mL tropisetron in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were stable for at least 14 days when stored in polyolefin bags or glass bottles at 4°C or 25°C and protected from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan
| | - Ben-hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, P.R. China
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6
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Yue X, Luo Z, Liu H, Kaneshige K, Parsons SM, Perlmutter JS, Tu Z. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of a fluorine-18 labeled radioligand targeting vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3425-3430. [PMID: 30274694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is a reliable biomarker for assessing the loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain that is associated with cognitive impairment of patients. 5-Hydrotetralin compound (±)-5-OH-VAT is potent (Ki = 4.64 ± 0.32 nM) and selective for VAChT (>1800-fold and 398-fold for σ1 and σ2 receptor, respectively) with favorable hydrophilicity (LogD = 1.78), while (-)-5-OH-VAT originally serves as the radiolabeling precursor of (-)-[18F]VAT, a promising VAChT radiotracer with a logD value of 2.56. To evaluate (-)-5-OH-[18F]VAT as a radiotracer for VAChT, we performed in vitro binding assay to determine the potency of the minus enantiomer (-)-5-OH-VAT and plus enantiomer (+)-5-OH-VAT, indicating that (-)-5-OH-VAT is a more potent VAChT enantiomer. Radiosynthesis of (-)-5-OH-[18F]VAT was explored using three strategies. (-)-5-OH-[18F]VAT was achieved with a good yield (24 ± 6%) and high molar activity (∼37 GBq/µmol, at the end of synthesis) using a microwave assisted two-step one-pot procedure that started with di-MOM protected nitro-containing precursor (-)-6. MicroPET studies in the brain of nonhuman primate (NHP) suggest that (-)-5-OH-[18F]VAT readily penetrated the blood brain barrier and specifically accumulated in the VAChT-enriched striatum with improved washout kinetics from striatum compared to [18F]VAT. Nevertheless, the lower target to non-target ratio may limit its use for in vivo measurement of the VAChT level in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zonghua Luo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kota Kaneshige
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Stanley M Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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Chakraborty K, Joseph D. Effect of antioxidant compounds from seaweeds on storage stability of C 20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate prepared from dogfish liver oil. Food Chem 2018; 260:135-144. [PMID: 29699654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate extracts of seaweeds were chromatographically fractionated to yield 14-methyl pentyl tetrahydro-8-hydroxy-10-methylnaphthalene-8-carboxylate (1) and tetrahydro-4-isopropyl-9-(9, 14-dimethyldec-9-enyl)-pyran-1-one (2) from Sargassum ilicifolium, whereas Padina gymnospora afforded dihydro-2-(10-(hydroxymethyl)-7,15-dimethyl-9-oxoundec-11-enyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-1(4H)-one (3) and 1-(decahydro-1-hydroxy-7-methyl-8-vinylnaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (4) as major constituents. Compound 1 displayed significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50 < 1 mg/mL, p < 0.05) comparable to other analogues (IC50 > 1 mg/mL). The C20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acid (C20-22 PUFA) concentrate (CFA) prepared from the deep-sea dogfish liver oil was added with the studied compounds and physiochemical properties and fatty acid composition during an accelerated storage were evaluated. No significant reduction in C20-22 PUFAs (∼6%) in the CFA treated with 1 as compared to that with the control (∼35%) was recorded. A greater induction time was observed for the CFA supplemented with 1 (6.8 h) than other compounds (≤6 h) and control (∼1.6 h), maintaining the oxidation indices of the CFA within desirable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India.
| | - Dexy Joseph
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India
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Clarke E, Jarvis CI, Goncalves MB, Kalindjian SB, Adams DR, Brown JT, Shiers JJ, Taddei DM, Ravier E, Barlow S, Miller I, Smith V, Borthwick AD, Corcoran JP. Design and synthesis of a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable, retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:798-814. [PMID: 29288071 PMCID: PMC5823845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-based virtual screening exercise examining likely bioactive conformations of AM 580 (2) and AGN 193836 (3) was used to identify the novel, less lipophilic RARα agonist 4-(3,5-dichloro-4-ethoxybenzamido)benzoic acid 5, which has good selectivity over the RARβ, and RARγ receptors. Analysis of the medicinal chemistry parameters of the 3,5-substituents of derivatives of template 5 enabled us to design a class of drug-like molecules with lower intrinsic clearance and higher oral bioavailability which led to the novel RARα agonist 4-(3-chloro-4-ethoxy-5-isopropoxybenzamido)-2-methylbenzoic acid 56 that has high RARα potency and excellent selectivity versus RARβ (2 orders of magnitude) and RARγ (4 orders of magnitude) at both the human and mouse RAR receptors with improved drug-like properties. This RARα specific agonist 56 has high oral bioavailability (>80%) in both mice and dogs with a good PK profile and was shown to be inactive in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl Clarke
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher I. Jarvis
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maria B. Goncalves
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - S. Barret Kalindjian
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David R. Adams
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Jane T. Brown
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Jason J. Shiers
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - David M.A. Taddei
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Elodie Ravier
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Stephanie Barlow
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Iain Miller
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Sygnature Discovery Limited, Biocity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK
| | | | - Jonathan P.T. Corcoran
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Porter MR, Shaker RM, Calcanas C, Topczewski JJ. Stereoselective Dynamic Cyclization of Allylic Azides: Synthesis of Tetralins, Chromanes, and Tetrahydroquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1211-1214. [PMID: 29303567 PMCID: PMC5989720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the stereoselective synthesis of 3-azido-tetralins, -chromanes, and -tetrahydroquinolines via a tandem allylic azide rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts alkylation. Exposure of allylic azides with a pendant trichloroacetimidate to catalytic quantities of AgSbF6 proved optimal for this transformation. This cascade successfully differentiates the equilibrating azide isomers, providing products in excellent yield and selectivity (>25 examples, up to 94% yield and >25:1 dr). In many cases, the reactive isomer is only a trace fraction of the equilibrium mixture, keenly illustrating the dynamic nature of these systems. We demonstrate the utility of this process via a synthesis of hasubanan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rami M. Shaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cristian Calcanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph J. Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang X, Zheng M, Wang L, Lou Y, Shi L, Jiang S. Sorption of three synthetic musks by microplastics. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 126:606-609. [PMID: 28982477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and synthetic musks (SMs) are two typical organic pollutants in the marine environment. In this study, the sorption of three SMs to microplastics in a simulated seawater environment was examined. Tonalide (AHTN), musk xylene (MX), and musk ketone (MK) were the musks investigated, while polypropylene (PP) was used as the microplastic. It was found that the equilibrium sorption time was about 10h and the adsorption kinetics model conformed to a Lagergren adsorption model. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing particle size. Adsorption reached a peak at 25°C, and the adsorption capacity was not sensitive to the concentration of sodium chloride. There is a need for more research and monitoring of microplastics in the marine environment due to their strong ability to absorb organic pollutants.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dezocine, a mixed agonist/antagonist of opioid receptors, has been used in iv patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps for postoperative pain control. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of dezocine solutions in 0.9% sodium chloride for injection for PCA administration. METHODS Solutions of dezocine (0.3, 0.45, or 0.6 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride for injection) were stored in polyolefin bags and glass bottles. Their stabilities at storage conditions of 4°C for 14 days and 25°C for 72 hours were studied. For all preparations, physical characteristics (including pH, color, and presence of precipitates) were evaluated. Each preparation of dezocine was also analyzed using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. A solution was considered stable if it maintained at least 90% of its initial concentration. RESULTS No notable changes in pH, color, or precipitation were observed in any of the prepared solutions over the testing period. All formulations maintained >97% of the initial dezocine concentration under the storage conditions evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Dezocine solutions at 0.3, 0.45, or 0.6 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride for PCA administration were stable for 72 hours at 25°C and for 14 days at 4°C when packaged in polyolefin bags or glass bottles and protected from light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin-Hai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongfeng Hospital
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12
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Moraux T, Dumarçay S, Gérardin P, Gérardin-Charbonnier C. Derivatives of the Lignan 7'-Hydroxymatairesinol with Antioxidant Properties and Enhanced Lipophilicity. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1783-1790. [PMID: 28590734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The lignan 7'-hydroxymatairesinol (1), extracted from the knotwoods of fir (Abies alba), spruce (Picea abies), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), exhibited unexpected reactivity when esterification reactions were attempted on the hydroxy group at position C-7'. To circumvent the rapid intramolecular cyclization procedure, leading quantitatively to the lignan conidendrin (7), a simple strategy for 7'-esterification of 1 under mild conditions (three steps, up to 80% overall yield) was developed. Compared to hydroxymatairesinol (1) (log K'w = 1.49), the derivatives (2-5) had increased lipophilicity with log K'w > 3.1, as determined by a UHPLC method. Compounds 1-5 exhibited potent antioxidant properties in the same range as the standards ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (IC50 = 20-25 μM) and higher than that of BHT using a DPPH radical-scavenging assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moraux
- Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 USC INRA, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Dumarçay
- Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 USC INRA, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Gérardin
- Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 USC INRA, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier
- Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois, EA4370 USC INRA, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies , Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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13
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Gray GM, Ma N, Wagner CE, van der Vaart A. Molecular dynamics simulations and molecular flooding studies of the retinoid X-receptor ligand binding domain. J Mol Model 2017; 23:98. [PMID: 28251414 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bexarotene is an FDA approved retinoid X-receptor (RXR) agonist for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and its use in other cancers and Alzheimer's disease is being investigated. The drug causes serious side effects, which might be reduced by chemical modifications of the molecule. To rationalize known agonists and to help identify sites for potential substitutions we present molecular simulations in which the RXR ligand-binding domain was flooded with a large number of drug-like molecules, and molecular dynamics simulations of a series of bexarotene-like ligands bound to the RXR ligand-binding domain. Based on the flooding simulations, two regions of interest for ligand modifications were identified: a hydrophobic area near the bridgehead and another near the fused ring. In addition, positional fluctuations of the phenyl ring were generally smaller than fluctuations of the fused ring of the ligands. Together, these observations suggest that the fused ring might be a good target for the design of higher affinity bexarotene-like ligands, while the phenyl ring is already optimized. In addition, notable differences in ligand position and interactions between the RXRα and RXRβ were observed, as well as differences in hydrogen bonding and solvation, which might be exploited in the development of subspecies-specific ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Carl E Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Rd., Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA
| | - Arjan van der Vaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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14
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Qian S, Shah AK, Head SA, Liu JO, Jin Z. Insights into the structure-activity relationship of the anticancer compound ZJ-101, a derivative of marine natural product superstolide A: A critical role played by the conjugated trienyl lactone moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3411-3. [PMID: 27374243 PMCID: PMC5013146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Compound ZJ-101, a structurally simplified analog of the marine natural product superstolide A, was previously developed in our laboratory. In the subsequent structure-activity relationship study, two new analogs, ZJ-105 and ZJ-106, were designed and synthesized to probe the importance of the conjugated trienyl lactone moiety of the molecule by replacing the C2-C3 double bond in ZJ-101 with a single bond and switching the geometry of the C4-C5 double bond in ZJ-101 from Z to E, respectively. Biological evaluation showed that ZJ-105 completely loses antiproliferative activity whereas ZJ-106 is significantly less active against cancer cells in vitro than ZJ-101, suggesting that the conjugated trienyl lactone moiety of the molecule is critical for its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aashay K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sarah A Head
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Onocology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhendong Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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15
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Api AM, Belsito D, Bhatia S, Bruze M, Calow P, Dagli ML, Dekant W, Fryer AD, Kromidas L, La Cava S, Lalko JF, Lapczynski A, Liebler DC, Miyachi Y, Politano VT, Ritacco G, Salvito D, Schultz TW, Shen J, Sipes IG, Wall B, Wilcox DK. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-1-naphthyl)propan-1-one, CAS Registry Number 74499-60-8. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97S:S101-S109. [PMID: 27475045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of this material under current use conditions is supported by the existing information. This material was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, as well as environmental safety. Data from the target material and the suitable read across analog 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (CAS # 21145-77-7) show that this material is not genotoxic. Data from the suitable read across analog 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (CAS # 21145-77-7) provided a MOE > 100 for the repeat dose and developmental toxicity endpoints. The reproductive and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were completed using the TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern) for a Cramer Class II material (0.009 mg/kg/day and 0.47 mg/day, respectively). Data on the target material showed that this material is below the non-reactive DST for skin sensitization and did not have the potential for phototoxicity or photoallergenicity. The environmental endpoint was completed as described in the RIFM Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - D Belsito
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden
| | - P Calow
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - W Dekant
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A D Fryer
- Oregon Health Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - L Kromidas
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - S La Cava
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J F Lalko
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Y Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - V T Politano
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-4500, USA
| | - J Shen
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - B Wall
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D K Wilcox
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
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16
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Li W, Nanaboina V, Chen F, Korshin GV. Removal of polycyclic synthetic musks and antineoplastic drugs in ozonated wastewater: Quantitation based on the data of differential spectroscopy. J Hazard Mater 2016; 304:242-250. [PMID: 26555374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the degradation behavior of polycyclic musks (PMs) and antineoplastic drugs (ADs) and the absorbance spectra of effluent organic matter (EfOM) in municipal wastewater by ozone. Specific ozone doses used in the experiments ranged from 0 to 1mg O3/mg dissolved organic matter (DOC). The examined PMs included galaxolide, tonalide, celestolide, traseolide and phantolide. ADs included busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, flutamide, ifosfamide, tamoxifen and methotrexate. Strong monotonic albeit nonlinear correlations were found to exist between relative changes of EfOM absorbance at 254 nm (i.e. ΔA254/A(0)254) and the degradation of the selected PMs and ADs. This result was interpreted based on the concept of the simultaneous oxidation of EfOM and, on the other hand, PMs and ADs. This interpretation showed that PMs were degraded primarily via OH radical attack, with tonalide and phantolide being less reactive compared with the other PMs. ADs such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and busulfan were also determined to undergo oxidation by OH radicals. Comparison of the behavior of the radical probe para-chlorobenzoic acid and the examined ADs and PMs allowed evaluating corresponding reaction rate constants for reactions between these species and OH radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Venkateswarlu Nanaboina
- Sri Lakshmi Bhargavi Pharma Pvt. Ltd., 3GF & 3,4,5FF, SDF Block-2, EPIP, TSIIC, Pashmylaram, Patancheru Mandal, Medak District, Telangana 502305, India
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Box 352700 University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, United States
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17
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Abstract
The molecular composition of 10 Cretaceous and one Eocene ambers from France was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermochemolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The terpenoids identified in the samples were used as biomarkers for the botanical origin of the resins. The Cretaceous samples, comprising the so-called Alpine, Anjou, Charentese, Provence, Pyrenean, and Vendean ambers, ranged from the Albian-Cenomanian transition to the early Santonian (100 to 85 Ma) and correspond to class Ib resins typical of conifers. The extinct conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae was proposed as the plant source of Pyrenean and brown Charentese ambers. Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae were the plant sources of the Cenomanian Alpine, Anjou, and yellow Charentese ambers. The Santonian ambers of Provence and Vendée were found to derive from the Cupressaceae. The Eocene Oise amber (ca. 53 Ma) is a class Ic resin typical of angiosperms and was produced by a Fabaceae. The evolution of resin sources from the early Cretaceous to the Eocene periods is discussed. Finally, a possible fingerprint hitherto unveiled is proposed for cheirolepidiaceous resins, defined by the simultaneous presence of phenolic diterpenoids, labdanoic acids, callitrisate structures, and their respective derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Nohra
- †CNRS UMR 6118 Géosciences and OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu Bâtiment 15, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- ‡Doctoral School, PRASE Lebanese University, Campus Hadath-BP5, Beirut, Lebanon
- §Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 26110217, Fanar-Matn, Lebanon
| | - Vincent Perrichot
- †CNRS UMR 6118 Géosciences and OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu Bâtiment 15, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Jeanneau
- †CNRS UMR 6118 Géosciences and OSUR, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu Bâtiment 15, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Le Pollès
- ⊥Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Dany Azar
- §Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 26110217, Fanar-Matn, Lebanon
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18
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Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Effect of confertifolin from Polygonum hydropiper L. against dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:8280-8287. [PMID: 25523289 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil from the leaves of Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) was tested against Aedes aegypti L. The LC50 values were 190.72 and 234.37 ppm against second and fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti, respectively. Confertifolin (6,6,9a-trimethy l-4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydronaphtho [1,2-c] furan-3 (1H)-one) was isolated from the essential oil of P. hydropiper leaves using silica gel column chromatography. The LC50 values were 2.90 and 2.96 ppm for second and fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti, respectively. At 10 ppm, the concentration of confertifolin showed ovicidal activity of 100, 100, and 77.6 % on 0-6, 6-12, and 12-18 h old eggs; the repellent activity was 323.2 min; and oviposition deterrent activity was 97.52 % and adulticidal activity was 100 % against A. aegypti. The results were statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. The results suggested that confertifolin as an effective major constituent against A. aegypti and might be considered as a potent source for the production of superior natural mosquitocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Maheswaran
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India,
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19
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Gouhar RS, Abd-El-Karim S, Haiba ME, El-Zahar MI, Awad GEA. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF CYANOPYRIDINYL TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES. Acta Pol Pharm 2015; 72:475-487. [PMID: 26642656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of cyanopyridinyl tetrahydronaphthalene incorporated with different heterocycles were synthesized. The key compounds 2a,b were condensed with chloroacetone and ethyl chloroacetate to give 3a,b and 4a,b, respectively. Also condensation of 4a,b with hydrazine hydrate gave the corresponding hydrazide 5a,b. Reaction of 5b with different isothiocyanates gave the corresponding thiosemicarbazide derivatives 6a-c. Also, condensation of 5a with chloroacetic acid, methyl iodide and/or acetic anhydride yielded 7- 9, respectively. Moreover, reaction of 5a with acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, diethylmalonate, ethyl cyanoacetate, chloroacetone, ethyl chloroacetate, urea, phthalic anhydride, malic anhydride and/ or different aldehydes yielded the corresponding derivatives 10-18, respectively. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and antifungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) activity. The results revealed that some of novel compounds have exhibited significant biological activity against the tested microorganisms.
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20
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Healy AR, Izumikawa M, Slawin AMZ, Shin-ya K, Westwood NJ. Stereochemical assignment of the protein-protein interaction inhibitor JBIR-22 by total synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4046-50. [PMID: 25650886 PMCID: PMC4441253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have highlighted the biological activity associated with a subfamily of the tetramic acid class of natural products. Despite the fact that members of this subfamily act as protein-protein interaction inhibitors that are of relevance to proteasome assembly, no synthetic work has been reported. This may be due to the fact that this subfamily contains an unnatural 4,4-disubstitued glutamic acid, the synthesis of which provides a key challenge. A highly stereoselective route to a masked form of this unnatural amino acid now enabled the synthesis of two of the possible diastereomers of JBIR-22 and allowed the assignment of its relative and absolute stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Healy
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEMNorth Haugh, St Andrews, Fife (UK)
| | - Miho Izumikawa
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBIC) 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-kuTokyo 135-0064 (Japan)
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEMNorth Haugh, St Andrews, Fife (UK)
| | - Kazuo Shin-ya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064 (Japan)
| | - Nicholas J Westwood
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEMNorth Haugh, St Andrews, Fife (UK)
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21
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Jadulco R, Koch M, Kakule T, Schmidt EW, Orendt A, He H, Janso JE, Carter GT, Larson EC, Pond C, Matainaho T, Barrows LR. Isolation of pyrrolocins A-C: cis- and trans-decalin tetramic acid antibiotics from an endophytic fungal-derived pathway. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:2537-2544. [PMID: 25351193 PMCID: PMC4251065 DOI: 10.1021/np500617u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three new decalin-type tetramic acid analogues, pyrrolocins A (1), B (2), and C (3), were defined as products of a metabolic pathway from a fern endophyte, NRRL 50135, from Papua New Guinea. NRRL 50135 initially produced 1 but ceased its production before chemical or biological evaluation could be completed. Upon transfer of the biosynthetic pathway to a model host, 1-3 were produced. All three compounds are structurally related to equisetin-type compounds, with 1 and 3 having a trans-decalin ring system, while 2 has a cis-fused decalin. All were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the trans-decalin analogues 1 and 3 exhibiting lower MICs than the cis-decalin analogue 2. Here we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and antimycobacterial activities of 1-3 from the recombinant expression as well as the isolation of 1 from the wild-type fungus NRRL 50135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel
C. Jadulco
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Thomas
B. Kakule
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Anita Orendt
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Haiyin He
- Natural
Products − Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Janso
- Natural
Products − Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Guy T. Carter
- Carter-Bernan
Consulting, 350 Phillips
Hill Road, New City, New
York 10956, United
States
| | - Erica C. Larson
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Christopher Pond
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
| | - Teatulohi
K. Matainaho
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
| | - Louis R. Barrows
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and Center for High
Performance Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah United States
- School
of Medicine and Health Sciences, University
of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, NCD, Papua New Guinea
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22
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El-Elimat T, Raja HA, Figueroa M, Falkinham JO, Oberlies NH. Isochromenones, isobenzofuranone, and tetrahydronaphthalenes produced by Paraphoma radicina, a fungus isolated from a freshwater habitat. Phytochemistry 2014; 104:114-120. [PMID: 24833033 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Six isochromenones (1-6), clearanols F (5) and G (6), one isobenzofuranone (7), and two tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives (8 and radinaphthalenone (9)), were isolated and identified from a culture of the fungus Paraphoma radicina, which was isolated from submerged wood in a freshwater lake. Compounds 5, 6 and 9 were previously unknown. The structures were elucidated using a set of spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques; the absolute configurations of compounds 5 and 6 were determined by comparison of their experimental ECD measurements with values predicted by TDDFT calculations. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against an array of bacteria and fungi. The inhibitory activity of compound 4 against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Joseph O Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States.
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23
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Inoue M, Tanabe H, Nakashima KI, Ishida Y, Kotani H. Rexinoids isolated from Sophora tonkinensis with a gene expression profile distinct from the synthetic rexinoid bexarotene. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:1670-1677. [PMID: 24959987 DOI: 10.1021/np5002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation via formation of an RXR homodimer or heterodimers with partner nuclear receptors. Despite the numerous beneficial effects, only a limited number of naturally occurring RXR agonists are known. In this report, two prenylated flavanones (1 and 2) isolated from Sophora tonkinensis were identified as new rexinoids that preferentially activated RXRs, relative to the retinoic acid receptor. The activities of 1 and 2 were the most potent among naturally occurring rexinoids, yet 2 orders of magnitude lower than the synthetic rexinoid bexarotene. Compounds 1 and 2 activated particular RXR heterodimers in a manner similar to bexarotene. A microarray assay followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses on RNAs isolated from C2C12 myotubes treated with 1 or 2 demonstrated that they significantly increased mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase, angiopoietin-like protein 4, and heme oxygenase-1. In contrast, bexarotene preferentially potentiated transcription of genes involved in lipogenesis and lipid metabolism such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, fatty acid synthase, and apolipoprotein D by a liver X receptor agonist. In this study, we have demonstrated that two newly identified naturally occurring rexinoids, 1 and 2, possess properties different from bexarotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology of Natural Compounds, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University , 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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24
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Arivazhagan M, Kavitha R, Subhasini VP. Conformational analysis, UV-VIS, MESP, NLO and NMR studies of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 128:701-710. [PMID: 24699289 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The detailed HF and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) comparative studies on the complete FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene [MTHN] have been studied. In view of the special properties and uses, the present investigation has been undertaken to provide a satisfactorily vibrational analysis of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. Therefore, a thorough Raman, IR, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), non-linear optical (NLO) properties, UV-VIS, HOMO-LUMO and NMR spectroscopic investigation are reported complemented by B3LYP theoretical predictions with basis set 6-311++G(d,p) to provide novel insight on vibrational assignments and conformational stability of MTHN. Potential energy surface scans (PES) of the CH3 group are undertaken to shed light on the rather complicated conformational interchanges in the compound under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arivazhagan
- Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Pulivalam Road, Musiri 621 201, India.
| | - R Kavitha
- Department of Physics, Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy 620 012, India
| | - V P Subhasini
- Department of Physics, Jeppiaar Engineering College, Chennai 600 119, India
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25
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Trinh Thi Thanh V, Pham VC, Doan Thi Mai H, Litaudon M, Guéritte F, Nguyen VH, Chau VM. Cytotoxic aryltetralin lignans from fruits of Cleistanthus indochinensis. Planta Med 2014; 80:695-702. [PMID: 24896244 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight new aryltetralin lignans, cleisindosides A-F (1-6), picroburseranin (7), and 7-hydroxypicropolygamain (8), were isolated from the fruits of Cleistanthus indochinensis (Euphorbiaceae). The structures of the isolates were established on the basis of their one- and two-dimensional NMR spectral data, as well as their mass spectrometric data. Compound 7 was found to have potent cytotoxicity against oral epidermoid carcinoma cells with an IC50 value of 0.062 µM, whereas glycosylation to 3 (IC50 7.5 µM) and stereochemical changes to 8 (IC50 10.8 µM) led to marked decreases in biological activity. Thus, it was determined that the C-7 and C-8' positions are critical for the biological activity of the lignans from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Trinh Thi Thanh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Doan Thi Mai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Van Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Minh Chau
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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26
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Duncan KK, Otrubova K, Boger DL. α-Ketoheterocycle inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase: exploration of conformational constraints in the acyl side chain. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2763-70. [PMID: 24690529 PMCID: PMC4029506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of α-ketooxazoles containing heteroatoms embedded within conformational constraints in the C2 acyl side chain of 2 (OL-135) were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). The studies reveal that the installation of a heteroatom (O) in the conformational constraint is achievable, although the potency of these novel derivatives is reduced slightly relative to 2 and the analogous 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene series. Interestingly, both enantiomers (R and S) of the candidate inhibitors bearing a chiral center adjacent to the electrophilic carbonyl were found to effectively inhibit FAAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine K Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Katerina Otrubova
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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27
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Shao YH, Wang JG, Lai XP, Wu XW, Ding P. [HPTLC fingerprint analysis of andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata]. Zhong Yao Cai 2014; 37:219-223. [PMID: 25095339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint of andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata, and to valuate the fingerprint similarity of samples from different habitats, markets, used parts and so on. METHODS Chromatographic conditions were as follows: stationary phase: precoated HPTLC GF254 silica-gel plate (20 cm x 10 cm); developing solvent system: chloroform-toluene-methanol (80:10:15); Relative humidity: 42%; Color development reagent: 5% H2SO4 ethanolic solution, heating at 105 degrees C and observing the fluorescent chromatogram in a UV cabinet at 366 nm. The common patterns of HPTLC fingerprint were obtained through CHROMAP 1.5 solution software. RESULTS The HPTLC fingerprint of andrographolides was consisted of 9 characteristic peaks (fluorescent bands) including andrographolide, neoandrographolide and dehydroandrographolide which were chemical reference substances. The investigation and analysis of 51 batches of Andrographis paniculata showed that there were remarkable differences among different samples, so was the content of andrographolide and total lactones. CONCLUSION This method is simple and rapid, which can serve as an effective identification and quality assessment method for Andrographis paniculata.
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28
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Whitt J, Shipley S, Newman DJ, Zuck KM. Tetramic acid analogues produced by coculture of Saccharopolyspora erythraea with Fusarium pallidoroseum. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:173-7. [PMID: 24422636 PMCID: PMC3993930 DOI: 10.1021/np400761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Coculture of the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum with the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea was found to produce three new decalin-type tetramic acid analogues related to equisetin. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations were established by circular dichroism spectroscopy and comparing the data with those of equisetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Whitt
- SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Suzanne
M. Shipley
- SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David J. Newman
- Natural
Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, National
Cancer Institute, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Karina M. Zuck
- SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Tel: 301-846-5688. Fax: 301-846-5206. E-mail:
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29
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Vuković L, Madriaga A, Kuzmis A, Banerjee A, Tang A, Tao K, Shah N, Král P, Onyuksel H. Solubilization of therapeutic agents in micellar nanomedicines. Langmuir 2013; 29:15747-15754. [PMID: 24283508 PMCID: PMC3962120 DOI: 10.1021/la403264w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the binding mechanisms of therapeutic agents in PEG-ylated micellar nanocarriers (SSM). In our experiments, SSM in buffer solutions can solubilize either ≈11 small bexarotene molecules or ≈6 (2 in low ionic strength buffer) human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) molecules. Free energy calculations reveal that molecules of the poorly water-soluble drug bexarotene can reside at the micellar ionic interface of the PEG corona, with their polar ends pointing out. Alternatively, they can reside in the alkane core center, where several bexarotene molecules can self-stabilize by forming a cluster held together by a network of hydrogen bonds. We also show that highly charged molecules, such as VIP, can be stabilized at the SSM ionic interface by Coulombic coupling between their positively charged residues and the negatively charged phosphate headgroups of the lipids. The obtained results illustrate that atomistic simulations can reveal drug solubilization character in nanocarriers and be used in efficient optimization of novel nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Antonett Madriaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Antonina Kuzmis
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Alan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Kevin Tao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Neil Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Hayat Onyuksel
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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Mansoor F, Anis I, Khan A, Marasini BP, Choudhary MI, Shah MR. Urease inhibitory constituents from Daphne retusa. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2013; 16:210-215. [PMID: 24266421 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.837457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The bioassay-guided fractionation of Daphne retusa Hemsl. has led to the isolation of a new aryl tetrahydronaphthalene lignan derivative named as daphnretusic acid (1), along with six new source compounds such as 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (2), 7-hydroxyflavone (3), 6-methoxyflavone (4), (+) pinoresinol (5), (+) sesamin (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were elucidated by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and EIMS analyses. All the fractions (n-hexane, CHCl3, AcOEt, CH3OH, and water) and pure compounds (1-7) were subjected to the assay of urease and α-chymotrypsin inhibitory activities. Chloroform and methanol soluble fractions showed moderate urease inhibition. Compound 2 exhibited significant urease inhibition with IC50 value 60.4 ± 0.72 μM, whereas compounds 1 and 3-7 remained inactive during urease inhibition and α-chymotrypsin bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Mansoor
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Karachi , Karachi , 75270 , Pakistan
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Jurutka PW, Kaneko I, Yang J, Bhogal JS, Swierski JC, Tabacaru CR, Montano LA, Huynh CC, Jama RA, Mahelona RD, Sarnowski JT, Marcus LM, Quezada A, Lemming B, Tedesco MA, Fischer AJ, Mohamed SA, Ziller JW, Ma N, Gray GM, van der Vaart A, Marshall PA, Wagner CE. Modeling, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potential retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective agonists: novel analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (bexarotene) and (E)-3-(3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4,6-pentamethylnaphthalen-7-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid (CD3254). J Med Chem 2013; 56:8432-54. [PMID: 24180745 PMCID: PMC3916150 DOI: 10.1021/jm4008517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three unreported analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5-6-7-8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (1), otherwise known as bexarotene, as well as four novel analogues of (E)-3-(3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4,6-pentamethylnaphthalen-7-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid (CD3254), are described and evaluated for their retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective agonism. Compound 1 has FDA approval as a treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), although treatment with 1 can elicit side-effects by disrupting other RXR-heterodimer receptor pathways. Of the seven modeled novel compounds, all analogues stimulate RXR-regulated transcription in mammalian 2 hybrid and RXRE-mediated assays, possess comparable or elevated biological activity based on EC50 profiles, and retain similar or improved apoptotic activity in CTCL assays compared to 1. All novel compounds demonstrate selectivity for RXR and minimal crossover onto the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) compared to all-trans-retinoic acid, with select analogues also reducing inhibition of other RXR-dependent pathways (e.g., VDR-RXR). Our results demonstrate that further improvements in biological potency and selectivity of bexarotene can be achieved through rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 576 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Geoffrey M. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Arjan van der Vaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | | | - Carl E. Wagner
- Corresponding author: School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306. Tele: (602) 543-6937. Fax: (6020 543-6073.
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Song YX, Liu SP, Jin Z, Qin JF, Jiang ZY. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Andrographis paniculata by rapid resolution liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Molecules 2013; 18:12192-207. [PMID: 24084022 PMCID: PMC6270035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid resolution liquid chromatography/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-TOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major chemical constituents in Andrographis paniculata. Fifteen compounds, including flavonoids and diterpenoid lactones, were unambiguously or tentatively identified in 10 min by comparing their retention times and accurate masses with standards or literature data. The characteristic fragmentation patterns of flavonoids and diterpenoid lactones were summarized, and the structures of the unknown compounds were predicted. Andrographolide, dehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide were further quantified as marker substances. It was found that the calibration curves for all analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9995) within the test ranges. The overall limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.02 μg/mL to 0.06 μg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL to 0.2 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for intra- and inter-day precisions were below 3.3% and 4.2%, respectively. The mean recovery rates ranged from 96.7% to 104.5% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 2.72%. It is concluded that RRLC-TOF/MS is powerful and practical in qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex plant samples due to time savings, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and lowering solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mails: (S.-P.L.); (Z.J.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-X.S.); (J.-F.Q.); Tel.: +86-451-8555-5689 (Y.-X.S.); Fax: +86-451-5364-2755 (Y.-X.S.); +86-451-5735-5698 (J.-F.Q.)
| | - Shi-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mails: (S.-P.L.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mails: (S.-P.L.); (Z.J.)
| | - Jian-Fei Qin
- Harbin Sanlian Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Harbin 150025, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.-X.S.); (J.-F.Q.); Tel.: +86-451-8555-5689 (Y.-X.S.); Fax: +86-451-5364-2755 (Y.-X.S.); +86-451-5735-5698 (J.-F.Q.)
| | - Zhi-Yuan Jiang
- Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Reclamation Administration of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mail:
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Kiyoi H. [Leukemia: recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. Topics: III. Diagnosis and treatments; 3. Treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2013; 102:1705-1711. [PMID: 23947232 DOI: 10.2169/naika.102.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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34
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Sun YJ, Wang JM, Chen H, Hua HM. [Advances in studies on aryltetralin lactone lignans]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2013; 38:2051-2059. [PMID: 24079224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural aryltetralin lactone lignans existed in the plants of family Berberidaceae, Acanthaceae, Burseraceae, Verbenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, etc. Due to the antineoplastic and antiviral properties, it has become a hot research topic in medicinal chemistry. This review covers extraction and isolation, biosynthesis, plant origin, and structure and spectral characteristics of natural aryltetralin lactone lignans. It will provide a useful reference for the intensive studies and rational utilization of aryltetralin lactone lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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35
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He YJ, Chen W, Zheng XY, Wang XN, Huang X. Fate and removal of typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products by three different treatment processes. Sci Total Environ 2013; 447:248-254. [PMID: 23384648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence and distribution of typical of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which comprise two types of polycyclic musks (PCMs) including Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide (AHTN) as well as six types of estrogens containing estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and bisphenol A (BPA), were investigated at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Jiangsu, China. Only raw wastewater was treated in WWTP A while WWTP B was serving an urban-industrialized area. In the influent, the concentrations of EE2 (2193-4437ngL(-1)), E2 (1126-1170ngL(-1)), and DES (268-421ngL(-1)) were generally higher than the previously reported values, whereas the concentrations of HHCB (306-316ngL(-1)), E1 (29-129ngL(-1)), E3 (53ngL(-1)), and BPA (26-176ngL(-1)) were much lower than those reported in other previous studies. In addition, AHTN was not detected in either WWTP and E3 was not found in WWTP B. The detected processes including anaerobic/oxic process (A/O), combined orbal oxidation ditch process (C-orbal OD) and anaerobic/anoxic/anoxic/oxic membrane biological reactor (A/A/A/O-MBR) showed higher removal efficiencies for HHCB (67-71%) and EE2 (87%) than those in other previous studies. Besides, the total hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged between 6.7 and 20.0h, sludge retention time (SRT) ranged between 8 and 23d, and water temperature ranged from 24.8 to 28.2°C. The removal efficiencies for estrogens in biological processes were related to the following factors: the level of hydrophobic estrogens, the type of removal process (C-orbal OD was consistently less efficient in removing estrogens than A/O and A/A/A/O-MBR), and a high SRT or HRT (A/A/A/O-MBR with higher SRT and HRT showed higher and more stable removal of hydrophobic estrogens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Environment College, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Avila C, Reyes C, Bayona JM, García J. Emerging organic contaminant removal depending on primary treatment and operational strategy in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: influence of redox. Water Res 2013; 47:315-325. [PMID: 23123085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the influence of primary treatment (hydrolytic upflow sludge blanket (HUSB) reactor vs. conventional settling) and operational strategy (alternation of saturated/unsaturated phases vs. permanently saturated) on the removal of various emerging organic contaminants (i.e. ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, tonalide, oxybenzone, bisphenol A) in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. For that purpose, a continuous injection experiment was carried out in an experimental treatment plant for 26 days. The plant had 3 treatment lines: a control line (settler-wetland permanently saturated), a batch line (settler-wetland operated with saturate/unsaturated phases) and an anaerobic line (HUSB reactor-wetland permanently saturated). In each line, wetlands had a surface area of 2.95 m(2), a water depth of 25 cm and a granular medium D(60) = 7.3 mm, and were planted with common reed. During the study period the wetlands were operated at a hydraulic and organic load of 25 mm/d and about 4.7 g BOD/m(2)d, respectively. The injection experiment delivered very robust results that show how the occurrence of higher redox potentials within the wetland bed promotes the elimination of conventional quality parameters as well as emerging microcontaminants. Overall, removal efficiencies were always greater for the batch line than for the control and anaerobic lines, and to this respect statistically significantly differences were found for ibuprofen, diclofenac, oxybenzone and bisphenol A. As an example, ibuprofen, whose major removal mechanism has been reported to be biodegradation under aerobic conditions, showed a higher removal in the batch line (85%) than in the control (63%) and anaerobic (52%) lines. Bisphenol A showed also a great dependence on the redox status of the wetlands, finding an 89% removal rate for the batch line, as opposed to the control and anaerobic lines (79 and 65%, respectively). Furthermore, diclofenac showed a greater removal under a higher redox status (70, 48 and 32% in the batch, control and anaerobic lines). Average removal efficiencies of acetaminophen, oxybenzone and tonalide were almost >90% for the 3 treatment lines. The results of this study indicate that the efficiency of horizontal flow constructed wetland systems can be improved by using a batch operation strategy. Furthermore, we tentatively identified 4-hydroxy-diclofenac and carboxy-bisphenol A as intermediate degradation products. The higher abundance of the latter under the batch operation strategy reinforced biodegradation as a relevant bisphenol A removal pathway under higher redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Avila
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain.
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Amagata T, Xiao J, Chen YP, Holsopple N, Oliver AG, Gokey T, Guliaev AB, Minoura K. Creation of an HDAC-based yeast screening method for evaluation of marine-derived actinomycetes: discovery of streptosetin A. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:2193-2199. [PMID: 23167691 PMCID: PMC3532527 DOI: 10.1021/np300640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A histone deacetylase (HDAC)-based yeast assay employing a URA3 reporter gene was applied as a primary screen to evaluate a marine-derived actinomycete extract library and identify human class III HDAC (SIRT) inhibitors. On the basis of the bioassay-guided purification, a new compound designated as streptosetin A (1) was obtained from one of the active strains identified through the yeast assay. The gross structure of the new compound was elucidated from the 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute stereostructure of 1 was determined based on X-ray crystal structure analysis and simulation of ECD spectra using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. This compound showed weak inhibitory activity against yeast Sir2p and human SIRT1 and SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Amagata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132, USA.
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Abstract
Two novel compounds, 1α-methoxy-3β-hydroxy-4α-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalin (1) and 1α,3β-dihydroxy-4α-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalin (2), were isolated along with six known compounds 3-8 from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. This paper reports the isolation and full spectroscopic characterization of these new compounds by NMR, UV, IR and MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliu Zhou
- Chemistry Science and Technology School, Zhanjiang Normal University, 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang 524048, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-137-2690-5138 or +86-075-9318-3176; Fax: +86-075-9318-3176
| | - Wenqing Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resource, Guilin 541004, China;
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Ma JP, Zhao HB, Li XZ, Dai F, Pei TT, Wang YY. [Study on chemical constituents from petroleum ether-soluble parts of cones of Platycladus orientalis]. Zhong Yao Cai 2012; 35:1620-1622. [PMID: 23627129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study chemical constituents from petroleum ether-soluble parts of cones of Platycladus orientalis. METHODS The compound were isolaeed by repeated column chromatography of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectrum analysis. RESULTS Seven constituents were isolated and identified as sandaracopimaric acid (1), 6alpha-hydroxy sandaracopimaric acid (2), ent-isopimara-8 (14), 15-dien-3beta, 19-diol (3), ent-isopimara-8 (9), 15-dien-3beta-ol (4), ent-isopimara-8 (14),15- dien-3beta-ol (5), isocupressic acid (6) and 15-acetylisocupressic acid (7). CONCLUSION Compounds 2 and 7 are isolated from this genus for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Santiago-Morales J, Gómez MJ, Herrera S, Fernández-Alba AR, García-Calvo E, Rosal R. Oxidative and photochemical processes for the removal of galaxolide and tonalide from wastewater. Water Res 2012; 46:4435-4447. [PMID: 22709983 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musks have been reported in wastewaters at concentrations as high as tens of micrograms per litre. The two most significant polycyclic musk fragrance compounds are 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB, trade name galaxolide®) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN, trade name tonalide®). We report the result of several irradiation and advanced oxidation processes carried out on samples of the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant located in Alcalá de Henares, Madrid. Wastewater samples were pre-ozonated and spiked with 500 ng/L of tonalide or galaxolide in order to obtain final concentrations in the same order as the raw effluent. The treatments assayed were ozonation with and without the addition of hydrogen peroxide (O₃, O₃/H₂O₂), ultraviolet (254 nm low pressure mercury lamp) and xenon-arc visible light irradiation alone and in combination with ozone (UV, O₃/UV, Xe, O₃/Xe) and visible light photocatalytic oxidation using a Ce-doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst performed under continuous oxygen or ozone gas bubbling (O₂/Xe/Ce-TiO₂, O₃/Xe/Ce-TiO₂). In all cases, samples taken at different contact times up to 15 min were analyzed. An analytical method based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (SBSE-GC × GC-TOF-MS), was used for the automatic searching and evaluation of the synthetic musks and other nonpolar or semipolar contaminants in the wastewater samples. In all cases tonalide was more easily removed than galaxolide. The best results for the latter (more than 75% removal after 5 min on stream) were obtained from ozonation (O₃) and visible light photocatalytic ozonation (O₃/Xe/Ce-TiO₂). A significant removal of both pollutants (∼60% after 15 min) was also obtained during visible light photocatalysis (O₂/Xe/Ce-TiO₂). UV radiation was able to deplete tonalide (+90%) after 15 min but only reduced the concentration of galaxolide to about half of its initial concentration. The toxicity of treated samples decreased for O₃/UV and O₃/Ce-TiO₂, but increased during irradiation processes UV, Xe and Xe/Ce-TiO₂. Ozone treatments tend to decrease toxicity up to a certain dosage, from which point the presence of toxic transformation products has adverse effects on aquatic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Santiago-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Piccolo L, Nassreddine S, Toussaint G, Geantet C. Mechanism of tetralin ring opening and contraction over bifunctional Ir/SiO₂-Al₂O₃ Catalysts. ChemSusChem 2012; 5:1717-1723. [PMID: 22949005 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of cleaner fuels from conventional resources requires the finding of new hydrotreatment processes able to improve the combustion performances of fuels and limit undesirable emissions. In the context of gas oil upgrading by selective ring opening, we have investigated the hydroconversion of tetralin over iridium nanoparticles supported on amorphous silica-alumina. The conversion of tetralin leads to hydrogenation, ring-contraction, and ring-opening products. The selectivity to ring-opening/-contraction products (ROCPs) increases linearly with the acid-metal site ratio and can be tuned by modifying the metal loading, the metal nanoparticle size, or the support composition. From the combination of catalytic tests at variable conversion and the products identification by two-dimensional gas chromatography, a mechanistic reaction scheme has been established. Aromatic ROCPs are formed through purely acidic steps, whereas the formation of saturated ROCPs mostly involves bifunctional reaction steps. Iridium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis appears to be a minor pathway with respect to iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation and Brønsted acid catalyzed isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Piccolo
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256 CNRS & Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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Furmick JK, Kaneko I, Walsh AN, Yang J, Bhogal JS, Gray GM, Baso JC, Browder DO, Prentice JL, Montano LA, Huynh CC, Marcus LM, Tsosie DG, Kwon JS, Quezada A, Reyes NM, Lemming B, Saini P, van der Vaart A, Groy TL, Marshall PA, Jurutka PW, Wagner CE. Modeling, synthesis and biological evaluation of potential retinoid X receptor-selective agonists: novel halogenated analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (bexarotene). ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1551-66. [PMID: 22927238 PMCID: PMC3479356 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of halogenated analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (1), known commonly as bexarotene, and their evaluation for retinoid X receptor (RXR)-specific agonist performance is described. Compound 1 is FDA approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, bexarotene treatment can induce hypothyroidism and elevated triglyceride levels, presumably by disrupting RXR heterodimer pathways for other nuclear receptors. The novel halogenated analogues in this study were modeled and assessed for their ability to bind to RXR and stimulate RXR homodimerization in an RXRE-mediated transcriptional assay as well as an RXR mammalian-2-hybrid assay. In an array of eight novel compounds, four analogues were discovered to promote RXR-mediated transcription with EC(50) values similar to that of 1 and are selective RXR agonists. Our approach also uncovered a periodic trend of increased binding and homodimerization of RXR when substituting a halogen atom for a proton ortho to the carboxylic acid on 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K. Furmick
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Angela N. Walsh
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Joanna Yang
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Jaskaran S. Bhogal
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Geoffrey M. Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Juan C. Baso
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Drew O. Browder
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Jessica L.S. Prentice
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Luis A. Montano
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Chanh C. Huynh
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Lisa M. Marcus
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Dorian G. Tsosie
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Jungeun S. Kwon
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Alexis Quezada
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Nicole M. Reyes
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Brittney Lemming
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Puneet Saini
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Arjan van der Vaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, CHE 205, Tampa, FL, 33620
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
| | - Pamela A. Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
| | - Carl E. Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Glendale, AZ 85306
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Janzen N, Dopp E, Hesse J, Richards J, Türk J, Bester K. Transformation products and reaction kinetics of fragrances in advanced wastewater treatment with ozone. Chemosphere 2011; 85:1481-1486. [PMID: 21955354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the fragrance compounds 4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-1,3,4,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene (HHCB), 1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (AHTN), 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (musk xylene/MX), 1-(4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrophenyl)ethanone (musk ketone/MK), and 1-(2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (OTNE) with ozone in tap water as well as waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents is described. Several transformation products are characterized by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. One transformation product (HHCB-Lactone) was confirmed by means of a true standard. Musk xylene and musk ketone do not react with ozone under the conditions used in this study. AHTN and HHCB reacted slowly to a multitude of transformation products, while OTNE reacted quickly to several stable transformation products. The reaction constants and half lives are used to predict removal efficiencies for full scale reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Janzen
- Department of Municipal Water- and Waste Management, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Li L, Sheng L, Wang CY, Zhou YB, Huang H, Li XB, Li J, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Guo YW. Diterpenes from the Hainan soft coral Lobophytum cristatum Tixier-Durivault. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:2089-2094. [PMID: 21954851 DOI: 10.1021/np2003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new prenylgermacrane-type diterpenoids, lobophytumins A and B (1 and 2), two new prenyleudesmane-type diterpenoids, lobophytumins C and D (3 and 4), and two new spatane-type diterpenoids, lobophytumins E and F (5 and 6), were isolated from the Hainan soft coral Lobophytum cristatum Tixier-Durivault. Their structures, including relative configuration, were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and by comparison with related known compounds. In addition, the absolute configuration of lobophytumin C (3) was tentatively assigned by comparing its specific rotation with that of the closely related model compound (-)-β-selinene (8). On the basis of biogenetic considerations, the absolute configurations of lobophytumins A, B, and D-F were also tentatively suggested. This is the first report of spatane-type diterpenoids from a soft coral source. The present work supports Faulkner's proposal of prenylgermacrene as the precursor of many diterpenes. In a bioassay, lobophytumins C and D (3 and 4) showed weak in vitro cytotoxicities against the tumor cell lines A-549 and HCT-116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zu Chong Zhi Road 555, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Hu Z, Shi Y, Cai Y. Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China. Chemosphere 2011; 84:1630-1635. [PMID: 21624633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p<0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p>0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p<0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Ruiz MP, Faria J, Shen M, Drexler S, Prasomsri T, Resasco DE. Nanostructured carbon-metal oxide hybrids as amphiphilic emulsion catalysts. ChemSusChem 2011; 4:964-974. [PMID: 21751419 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanohybrids composed of "onion-like" carbon, single-walled (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) fused to silica or alumina particles have been compared as stabilizers of water/oil emulsions and interfacial catalysts. The amphiphilic character of these nanohybrids makes them effective in stabilizing emulsions (up to 85 % of total volume) comprising of small droplets (less than 40 μm). Furthermore, these nanohybrids have been used as supports for transition metal particles (palladium and copper) to catalyze reactions at the water/oil interface. Three different reaction systems have been conducted in the emulsions to demonstrate the principle: 1) hydrogenation of phenanthrene; 2) hydrogenation of glutaraldehyde and benzaldehyde; 3) oxidation of tetralin. Comparison of the maximum conversions achieved in emulsions as opposed to the single phase, together with much better control of selectivity in the two-phase system shows the benefits of using these nanohybrid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Ruiz
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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Chen L, Hua Z, Li G, Jin Z. Controlling the facial selectivity of asymmetric [4+2] cyclo-additions: a concise synthesis of the cis-decalin core structure of superstolides A and B. Org Lett 2011; 13:3580-3. [PMID: 21671636 PMCID: PMC3132299 DOI: 10.1021/ol201095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regio-, stereo-, and facial selective [4 + 2] cycloadditions between highly activated vinyl sulfones and 1,3-dienes derived from (R)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one provide a powerful approach for the asymmetric synthesis of compounds containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone carbon skeleton. This new methodology has been successfully applied to the asymmetric synthesis of the cis-decalin core structure of the potent anticancer marine natural products superstolides A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhengmao Hua
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gangqin Li
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhendong Jin
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Hunt PR, Son TG, Wilson MA, Yu QS, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Greig NH, Mattson MP, Camandola S, Wolkow CA. Extension of lifespan in C. elegans by naphthoquinones that act through stress hormesis mechanisms. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21922. [PMID: 21765926 PMCID: PMC3135594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis occurs when a low level stress elicits adaptive beneficial responses that protect against subsequent exposure to severe stress. Recent findings suggest that mild oxidative and thermal stress can extend lifespan by hormetic mechanisms. Here we show that the botanical pesticide plumbagin, while toxic to C. elegans nematodes at high doses, extends lifespan at low doses. Because plumbagin is a naphthoquinone that can generate free radicals in vivo, we investigated whether it extends lifespan by activating an adaptive cellular stress response pathway. The C. elegans cap‘n’collar (CNC) transcription factor, SKN-1, mediates protective responses to oxidative stress. Genetic analysis showed that skn-1 activity is required for lifespan extension by low-dose plumbagin in C. elegans. Further screening of a series of plumbagin analogs identified three additional naphthoquinones that could induce SKN-1 targets in C. elegans. Naphthazarin showed skn-1dependent lifespan extension, over an extended dose range compared to plumbagin, while the other naphthoquinones, oxoline and menadione, had differing effects on C. elegans survival and failed to activate ARE reporter expression in cultured mammalian cells. Our findings reveal the potential for low doses of naturally occurring naphthoquinones to extend lifespan by engaging a specific adaptive cellular stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper R. Hunt
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Quian-Sheng Yu
- Drug Design and Development Section, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAW); (SC)
| | - Catherine A. Wolkow
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAW); (SC)
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49
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Liu MT, Li JJ, Shang XY, Li S, Li LL, Luan N, Jin ZL. Structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignment of an unusual aromatic monacolin analog from Monascus purpureus-fermented rice. Magn Reson Chem 2011; 49:129-131. [PMID: 21322007 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One unusual aromatic monacolin analog, monacophenyl, was isolated from the ethanolic extract of Monascus purpureus-fermented rice. Its structure was completely and unambiguously assigned by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and high-resolution ESI-MS spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, China
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50
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Tezuka Y, Morikawa K, Li F, Auw L, Awale S, Nobukawa T, Kadota S. Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitory constituents of the wood of Taxus yunnanensis. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:102-105. [PMID: 21138310 DOI: 10.1021/np100665j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
From the aqueous extract of the wood of Taxus yunnanensis, which showed cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition, a new isoflavan [(3S,4R)-4'-hydroxy-6,3'-dimethoxyisoflavan-4-ol (1)], a new degraded lignan [2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-tetralone (2)], and a new lignan [(7R)-7-hydroxytaxiresinol (3)] were isolated, together with nine known lignans. Among the isolates obtained, α-conidendrin (12) showed strong CYP3A4 inhibition with an IC(50) value of 0.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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