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Li X, Guo S, Sun Y, Ding J, Chen C, Wu Y, Li P, Sun T, Wang X. GABRG2 mutations in genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: structure, roles, and molecular genetics. J Transl Med 2024; 22:767. [PMID: 39143639 PMCID: PMC11323400 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is a genetic epilepsy syndrome characterized by a marked hereditary tendency inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Patients with GEFS+ may develop typical febrile seizures (FS), while generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs) with fever commonly occur between 3 months and 6 years of age, which is generally followed by febrile seizure plus (FS+), with or without absence seizures, focal seizures, or GTCSs. GEFS+ exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity, with polymerase chain reaction, exon sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses all showing that the occurrence of GEFS+ is mainly related to mutations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma 2 subunit (GABRG2) gene. The most common mutations in GABRG2 are separated in large autosomal dominant families, but their pathogenesis remains unclear. The predominant types of GABRG2 mutations include missense (c.983A → T, c.245G → A, p.Met199Val), nonsense (R136*, Q390*, W429*), frameshift (c.1329delC, p.Val462fs*33, p.Pro59fs*12), point (P83S), and splice site (IVS6+2T → G) mutations. All of these mutations types can reduce the function of ion channels on the cell membrane; however, the degree and mechanism underlying these dysfunctions are different and could be linked to the main mechanism of epilepsy. The γ2 subunit plays a special role in receptor trafficking and is closely related to its structural specificity. This review focused on investigating the relationship between GEFS+ and GABRG2 mutation types in recent years, discussing novel aspects deemed to be great significance for clinically accurate diagnosis, anti-epileptic treatment strategies, and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, The Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhu X, Li P. GABA(A) Receptor Subunit (γ2, δ, β1-3) Variants in Genetic Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Summary of 206 Clinical Cases. J Child Neurol 2024; 39:354-370. [PMID: 39228214 DOI: 10.1177/08830738241273437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is identified in individuals who experienced 2 or more unprovoked seizures occurring over 24 hours apart, which can have a profound impact on a person's neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social well-being. Epilepsy is considerably diverse, with classifications such as genetic epilepsy that result directly from a known or presumed genetic variant with the core symptoms of seizures. The GABAA receptor primarily functions as a heteropentamer, containing 3 of 8 subunit types: α, β, γ, δ, ε, π, θ, and ρ. In the adult brain, the GABAA receptor is the primary inhibitory component in neural networks. The involvement of GABAA receptors in the pathogenesis of epilepsy has been proposed. We extensively reviewed all relevant clinical data of previously published cases of GABAA receptor subunit γ2, δ, β1-3 variants included in PubMed up to February 2024, including the variant types, loci, postulated mechanisms, their relevant regions, first onset ages, and phenotypes. We summarized the postulated mechanisms of epileptic pathogenesis. We also divided the collected 206 cases of epilepsy into 4 epileptic phenotypes: genetic generalized epilepsies, focal epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and epilepsy with fever sensibility. We showed that there were significant differences in the likelihood of the γ2, β2, and β3 subunit variants causing genetic generalized epilepsies, focal epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and epilepsy with fever sensibility. Patients with the β3 subunit variant seemed related to an earlier first onset age. Our review supports that GABAA receptor subunit variants are a crucial area of epilepsy research and treatment exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhang X, Wang FX, Li ZW, Wang S, Zhang SQ, Song M, Zhang XQ. Bis-piperidine alkaloids from the peels of Areca catechu. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38944841 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2372383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Four new alkaloids, arecatines A-D (1-4), were isolated from the peels of Areca catechu. Compound 1 is an unusual piperidine-pyridine hybrid alkaloid, whereas compounds 2-4 feature bis-piperidine alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR spectra analysis. The molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 3 exhibited the best binding affinity with the GABAA receptor, indicating its potential anti-epilepsy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Song Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shi-Qing Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Join Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Song
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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4
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Dejanovic B, Sheng M, Hanson JE. Targeting synapse function and loss for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:23-42. [PMID: 38012296 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction and loss are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases that correlate with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse synaptic damage remain elusive. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways that impair synapses in neurodegenerative diseases, including the effects of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation. We also highlight emerging therapeutic approaches that aim to restore synaptic function and integrity, such as enhancing synaptic plasticity, preventing synaptotoxicity, modulating neuronal network activity and targeting immune signalling. We discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for each strategy, as well as the challenges and opportunities for developing effective synapse-targeting therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Absalom NL, Lin SXN, Liao VWY, Chua HC, Møller RS, Chebib M, Ahring PK. GABA A receptors in epilepsy: Elucidating phenotypic divergence through functional analysis of genetic variants. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37621067 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Normal brain function requires a tightly regulated balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmissions. γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptors represent the major class of inhibitory ion channels in the mammalian brain. Dysregulation of these receptors and/or their associated pathways is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. To date, hundreds of different GABAA receptor subunit variants have been associated with epilepsy, making them a prominent cause of genetically linked epilepsy. While identifying these genetic variants is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective genetic counselling, it does not necessarily lead to improved personalised treatment options. This is because the identification of a variant does not reveal how the function of GABAA receptors is affected. Genetic variants in GABAA receptor subunits can cause complex changes to receptor properties resulting in various degrees of gain-of-function, loss-of-function or a combination of both. Understanding how variants affect the function of GABAA receptors therefore represents an important first step in the ongoing development of precision therapies. Furthermore, it is important to ensure that functional data are produced using methodologies that allow genetic variants to be classified using clinical guidelines such as those developed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This article will review the current knowledge in the field and provide recommendations for future functional analysis of genetic GABAA receptor variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Absalom
- School of Science, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan X N Lin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivian W Y Liao
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Han C Chua
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mary Chebib
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip K Ahring
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hernandez CC, Shen Y, Hu N, Shen W, Narayanan V, Ramsey K, He W, Zou L, Macdonald RL. GABRG2 Variants Associated with Febrile Seizures. Biomolecules 2023; 13:414. [PMID: 36979350 PMCID: PMC10046037 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common form of epilepsy in children between six months and five years of age. FS is a self-limited type of fever-related seizure. However, complicated prolonged FS can lead to complex partial epilepsy. We found that among the GABAA receptor subunit (GABR) genes, most variants associated with FS are harbored in the γ2 subunit (GABRG2). Here, we characterized the effects of eight variants in the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit on receptor biogenesis and channel function. Two-thirds of the GABRG2 variants followed the expected autosomal dominant inheritance in FS and occurred as missense and nonsense variants. The remaining one-third appeared as de novo in the affected probands and occurred only as missense variants. The loss of GABAA receptor function and dominant negative effect on GABAA receptor biogenesis likely caused the FS phenotype. In general, variants in the GABRG2 result in a broad spectrum of phenotypic severity, ranging from asymptomatic, FS, genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), and Dravet syndrome individuals. The data presented here support the link between FS, epilepsy, and GABRG2 variants, shedding light on the relationship between the variant topological occurrence and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C. Hernandez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanwen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ningning Hu
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Wen He
- Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Liping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Robert L. Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Leng X, Zhang T, Guan Y, Tang M. Genotype and phenotype analysis of epilepsy caused by ADGRV1 mutations in Chinese children. Seizure 2022; 103:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Maillard P, Baer S, Schaefer É, Desnous B, Villeneuve N, Lépine A, Fabre A, Lacoste C, El Chehadeh S, Piton A, Porter LF, Perriard C, Wardé MA, Spitz M, Laugel V, Lesca G, Putoux A, Ville D, Mignot C, Héron D, Nabbout R, Barcia G, Rio M, Roubertie A, Meyer P, Paquis‐Flucklinger V, Patat O, Lefranc J, Gerard M, de Bellescize J, Villard L, De Saint Martin A, Milh M. Molecular and clinical descriptions of patients with GABA A receptor gene variants (GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRG2): A cohort study, review of literature, and genotype-phenotype correlation. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2519-2533. [PMID: 35718920 PMCID: PMC9804453 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)A -receptor subunit variants have recently been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or epilepsy. The phenotype linked with each gene is becoming better known. Because of the common molecular structure and physiological role of these phenotypes, it seemed interesting to describe a putative phenotype associated with GABAA -receptor-related disorders as a whole and seek possible genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS We collected clinical, electrophysiological, therapeutic, and molecular data from patients with GABAA -receptor subunit variants (GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRB3, and GABRG2) through a national French collaboration using the EPIGENE network and compared these data to the one already described in the literature. RESULTS We gathered the reported patients in three epileptic phenotypes: 15 patients with fever-related epilepsy (40%), 11 with early developmental epileptic encephalopathy (30%), 10 with generalized epilepsy spectrum (27%), and 1 patient without seizures (3%). We did not find a specific phenotype for any gene, but we showed that the location of variants on the transmembrane (TM) segment was associated with a more severe phenotype, irrespective of the GABAA -receptor subunit gene, whereas N-terminal variants seemed to be related to milder phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE GABAA -receptor subunit variants are associated with highly variable phenotypes despite their molecular and physiological proximity. None of the genes described here was associated with a specific phenotype. On the other hand, it appears that the location of the variant on the protein may be a marker of severity. Variant location may have important weight in the development of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre‐Yves Maillard
- Department of Medical GeneticsIGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Present address:
Institut Jérome LejeuneParisFrance
| | - Sarah Baer
- Department of NeuropediatricsERN EpiCare, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institute for Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258IllkirchFrance
| | - Élise Schaefer
- Department of Medical GeneticsIGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Béatrice Desnous
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAP‐HM, La Timone Children's HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAP‐HM, La Timone Children's HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Anne Lépine
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAP‐HM, La Timone Children's HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Alexandre Fabre
- Pediatric Multidisciplinary UnitAP‐HM, Timone EnfantMarseilleFrance,Aix‐Marseille University, INSERM, GMGFMarseilleFrance
| | - Caroline Lacoste
- Department of Medical GeneticsLa Timone Children's HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Department of Medical GeneticsIGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institute for Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258IllkirchFrance
| | - Amélie Piton
- Institute for Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258IllkirchFrance,Laboratory of Genetic DiagnosisInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Louise Frances Porter
- Department of Medical GeneticsInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO)StrasbourgFrance
| | - Caroline Perriard
- Department of NeuropediatricsERN EpiCare, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Marie‐Thérèse Abi Wardé
- Department of NeuropediatricsERN EpiCare, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Marie‐Aude Spitz
- Department of NeuropediatricsERN EpiCare, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Department of NeuropediatricsERN EpiCare, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Gaëtan Lesca
- Department of GeneticsHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Department of GeneticsHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Dorothée Ville
- Pediatric Neurology Department and Reference Center of Rare EpilepsiesMother Child Women's Hospital, Lyon University HospitalLyonFrance
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of GeneticsGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐Salpêtrière and Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP‐Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance,Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes RaresParisFrance
| | - Delphine Héron
- Department of GeneticsGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐Salpêtrière and Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP‐Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance,Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes RaresParisFrance
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyReference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Department of Medical GeneticsNecker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of Medical GeneticsNecker‐Enfants Malades Hospital, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Pediatric Neurology DepartmentINM, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Pediatric Neurology DepartmentINM, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Olivier Patat
- Department of Medical GeneticsCHU Toulouse PurpanToulouseFrance
| | | | - Marion Gerard
- Department of Medical GeneticsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de CaenCaenFrance
| | | | - Julietta de Bellescize
- Paediatric Clinical Epileptology and Functional Neurology DepartmentReference Center of Rare Epilepsies, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL)LyonFrance
| | - Laurent Villard
- Pediatric Multidisciplinary UnitAP‐HM, Timone EnfantMarseilleFrance,Faculté de Médecine TimoneAix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, ERN EpicareMarseilleFrance
| | - Anne De Saint Martin
- Department of NeuropediatricsERN EpiCare, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institute for Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258IllkirchFrance
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAP‐HM, La Timone Children's HospitalMarseilleFrance,Faculté de Médecine TimoneAix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, ERN EpicareMarseilleFrance
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Ma R, Duan Y, Zhang L, Qi X, Zhang L, Pan S, Gao L, Wang C, Wang Y. SCN1A-Related Epilepsy: Novel Mutations and Rare Phenotypes. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:826183. [PMID: 35663268 PMCID: PMC9162153 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.826183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo expand the genotypes and phenotypes of sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A)-related epilepsy.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the clinical and genetic information of 22 epilepsy patients (10 males, 12 females; mean: 9.2 ± 3.9 years; 3.9–20.3 years) carrying 22 variants of SCN1A. SCN1A mutations were identified by next-generation sequencing.ResultsTwenty-two variants were identified, among which 12 have not yet been reported. The median age at seizure onset was 6 months. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with Dravet syndrome (DS), two with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus [one evolved into benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)], one with focal epilepsy, one with atypical childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ABECTS) and two with unclassified epilepsy. Fourteen patients showed a global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID). Slow background activities were observed in one patient and epileptiform discharges were observed in 11 patients during the interictal phase.SignificanceThis study enriches the genotypes and phenotypes of SCN1A-related epilepsy. The clinical characteristics of patients with 12 previously unreported variants were described.
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10
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Vogel FD, Krenn M, Westphal DS, Graf E, Wagner M, Leiz S, Koniuszewski F, Augé‐Stock M, Kramer G, Scholze P, Ernst M. A de novo missense variant in
GABRA4
alters receptor function in an epileptic and neurodevelopmental phenotype. Epilepsia 2022; 63:e35-e41. [PMID: 35152403 PMCID: PMC9304230 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Variants in γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor genes cause different forms of epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. To date, GABRA4, encoding the α4‐subunit, has not been associated with a monogenic condition. However, preclinical evidence points toward seizure susceptibility. Here, we report a de novo missense variant in GABRA4 (c.899C>T, p.Thr300Ile) in an individual with early‐onset drug‐resistant epilepsy and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. An electrophysiological characterization of the variant, which is located in the pore‐forming domain, shows accelerated desensitization and a lack of seizure‐protective neurosteroid function. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest an association between de novo variation in GABRA4 and a neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian D. Vogel
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System Center for Brain Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Krenn
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Dominik S. Westphal
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
- Department of Pediatrics Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital LMU University Hospital Munich Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurology LMU Center for Development and Children with Medical Complexity Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Divison of Neuropediatrics Klinikum Dritter Orden Munich Germany
| | - Filip Koniuszewski
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System Center for Brain Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Maximilian Augé‐Stock
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System Center for Brain Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Georg Kramer
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System Center for Brain Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System Center for Brain Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System Center for Brain Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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Yang Y, Niu X, Cheng M, Zeng Q, Deng J, Tian X, Wang Y, Yu J, Shi W, Wu W, Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Jia T, Yang Z, Liao J, Sun Y, Zheng H, Sun S, Sun D, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. Phenotypic Spectrum and Prognosis of Epilepsy Patients With GABRG2 Variants. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:809163. [PMID: 35359574 PMCID: PMC8964129 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.809163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and phenotypic aspects of GABRG2-related epilepsy and its prognosis and to explore the potential prospects for personalized medicine. METHODS Through a multicenter collaboration in China, we analyzed the genotype-phenotype correlation and antiseizure medication (ASM) of patients with GABRG2-related epilepsy. The three-dimensional protein structure of the GABRG2 variant was modeled to predict the effect of GABRG2 missense variants using PyMOL 2.3 software. RESULTS In 35 patients with GABRG2 variants, 22 variants were de novo, and 18 variants were novel. The seizure onset age was ranged from 2 days after birth to 34 months (median age: 9 months). The seizure onset age was less than 1 year old in 22 patients (22/35, 62.9%). Seizure types included focal seizures (68.6%), generalized tonic-clonic seizures (60%), myoclonic seizures (14.3%), and absence seizures (11.4%). Other clinical features included fever-sensitive seizures (91.4%), cluster seizures (57.1%), and developmental delay (45.7%). Neuroimaging was abnormal in 2 patients, including dysplasia of the frontotemporal cortex and delayed myelination of white matter. Twelve patients were diagnosed with febrile seizures plus, eleven with epilepsy and developmental delay, two with Dravet syndrome, two with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, two with focal epilepsy, two with febrile seizures, and four with unclassified epilepsy. The proportions of patients with missense variants in the extracellular region and the transmembrane region exhibiting developmental delay were 40% and 63.2%, respectively. The last follow-up age ranged from 11 months to 17 years. Seizures were controlled in 71.4% of patients, and 92% of their seizures were controlled by valproate and/or levetiracetam. CONCLUSION The clinical features of GABRG2-related epilepsy included seizure onset, usually in infancy, and seizures were fever-sensitive. More than half of the patients had cluster seizures. Phenotypes of GABRG2-related epilepsy were ranged from mild febrile seizures to severe epileptic encephalopathies. Most patients with GABRG2 variants who experienced seizures had a good prognosis. Valproate and levetiracetam were effective treatments for most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wenli Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Children’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiehui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianming Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Children’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuehua Zhang,
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Liu Z, Ye X, Zhang J, Wu B, Dong S, Gao P. Biallelic ADGRV1 variants are associated with Rolandic epilepsy. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:1365-1374. [PMID: 34160719 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is among the most common focal epilepsies in childhood. For the majority of patients with RE and atypical RE (ARE), the etiology remains elusive. We thus screened patients with RE/ARE in order to detect disease-causing variants.. METHODS A trios-based whole-exome sequencing approach was performed in a cohort of 28 patients with RE/ARE. Clinical data and EEGs were reviewed. Variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Two compound heterozygous missense variants p.Val272Ile/p.Asn3028Ser and p.Ala3657Val/p.Met4419Val of ADGRV1 were identified in two unrelated familial cases of RE/ARE. All the variants were in the calcium exchanger β domain and were suggested to be damaging by at least one web-based prediction tool. These variants are not present or are present at a very low minor allele frequency in the gnomAD database. Previously, biallelic ADGRV1 variants (p.Gly2756Arg and p.Glu4410Lys) have been observed in RE, consistent with the observation in this study and supporting the association between ADGRV1 variants and RE. Additionally, a de novo mutation, p.Asp668Asn, in GRIN2B was identified in a sporadic case of ARE, and a missense variant, p.Asn1551Ser, in RyR2 was identified in a family with RE with incomplete penetrance. These genes are all calcium homeostasis associated genes, suggesting the potential effect of calcium homeostasis in RE/ARE. CONCLUSIONS The results from the present study suggest that the genes ADGRV1, GRIN2B, and RyR2 are associated with RE/ARE. These data link defects in neuronal intracellular calcium homeostasis to RE/ARE pathogenesis implicating that these defects plays an important role in the development of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road 11, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingguang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road 11, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road 11, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Benze Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road 11, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiwei Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road 11, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingming Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, 11 Renminxi Road 11, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China. .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Neocortex- and hippocampus-specific deletion of Gabrg2 causes temperature-dependent seizures in mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:553. [PMID: 34050134 PMCID: PMC8163876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GABRG2 gene encoding the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor gamma 2 subunit are associated with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures plus, febrile seizures, and other symptoms of epilepsy. However, the mechanisms underlying Gabrg2-mediated febrile seizures are poorly understood. Here, we used the Cre/loxP system to generate conditional knockout (CKO) mice with deficient Gabrg2 in the hippocampus and neocortex. Heterozygous CKO mice (Gabrg2fl/wtCre+) exhibited temperature-dependent myoclonic jerks, generalised tonic-clonic seizures, increased anxiety-like symptoms, and a predisposition to induce seizures. Cortical electroencephalography showed the hyperexcitability in response to temperature elevation in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice, but not in wild-type mice. Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice exhibited spontaneous seizures and susceptibility to temperature-induced seizures. Loss of neurons were observed in cortical layers V-VI and hippocampus of Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice. Furthermore, the latency of temperature- or pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures were significantly decreased in Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice compared with wild-type mice. In summary, Gabrg2fl/wtCre+ mice with Gabrg2 deletion in the neocortex and hippocampus reproduce many features of febrile seizures and therefore provide a novel model to further understand this syndrome at the cellular and molecular level.
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Duan Y, Leng X, Liu C, Qi X, Zhang L, Tan W, Zhang X, Wang Y. The Correlation of ELP4-PAX6 With Rolandic Spike Sources in Idiopathic Rolandic Epilepsy Syndromes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:643964. [PMID: 33897599 PMCID: PMC8064626 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.643964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4-PAX6 in patients with idiopathic rolandic epilepsy syndromes (IRES) in China and explore the relationship between the distribution of rolandic spike sources and the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 in ELP4-PAX6. Methods: First, clinical information was obtained from patients diagnosed with IRES. Next, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4 was analyzed by using the Sanger method. Resting-state magnetoencephalography data were collected from 17 patients. We analyzed the epileptic spike sources using the single equivalent current dipole (SECD) model and determined the spike distributions across the whole brain. Finally, Fisher's test was performed to assess the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism rs662702 of ELP4-PAX6 and rolandic spike sources. Results: ELP4 rs662702 T alleles were found in 10.7% of IRES patients and occurred four times more frequently in these patients than in the healthy controls. TT homozygosity was found in one IRES patient (1.3%), while no TT homozygosity was found in the healthy control group. The IRES rolandic spike sources were unilateral in sixteen patients (94.1%) and were mainly located in the anterior central gyrus (58.8%). The spike source of patients without the ELP4 rs662702 T allele was correlated with the central region (p < 0.05). The rolandic spikes sources were significant correlated with the non-central gyrus (frontal and temporal lobes) in patients with the ELP4 rs662702 T allele (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The rolandic spike sources of the IRES patients with the ELP4 rs662702 T allele were significantly associated with the non-central gyrus, including the frontal and temporal lobes. Our study confirmed for the first time in vivo that ELP4 rs662702 T allele overexpression is correlated with the rolandic spike distribution in patients with IRES and provides important insights into how genetic abnormalities can lead to brain dysfunction and into the precise targeting of abnormal discharge sources in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Leng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiating Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Rudolf G, de Bellescize J, de Saint Martin A, Arzimanoglou A, Valenti Hirsch MP, Labalme A, Boulay C, Simonet T, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Nitschké P, Ollivier E, Sanlaville D, Hirsch E, Chelly J, Lesca G. Exome sequencing in 57 patients with self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood with typical or atypical presentations suggests novel candidate genes. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 27:104-110. [PMID: 32600977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood (SFEC) are amongst the best defined and most frequent epilepsy syndromes affecting children with usually normal developmental milestones. They include core syndromes such as Rolandic epilepsy or "Benign" epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes and the benign occipital epilepsies, the early onset Panayiotopoulos syndrome and the late-onset Gastaut type. Atypical forms exist for all of them. Atypical Rolandic epilepsies are conceptualized as belonging to a continuum reaching from the "benign" RE to the severe end of the Landau-Kleffner (LKS) and Continuous Spike-Waves during Sleep syndromes (CSWS). GRIN2A has been shown to cause the epilepsy-aphasia continuum that includes some patients with atypical Rolandic epilepsy with frequent speech disorders, LKS and CSWS. In the present study, we searched novel genes causing SFEC with typical or atypical presentations. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 57 trios. Patients presented with typical or atypical SFEC, negative for GRIN2A pathogenic variant. RESULTS We found rare candidate variants in 20 patients. Thirteen had occurred de novo and were mostly associated to atypical Rolandic Epilepsy. Two of them could be considered as disease related: a null variant in GRIN2B and a missense variant in CAMK2A. Others were considered good candidates, including a substitution affecting a splice site in CACNG2 and missense variants in genes encoding enzymes involved in chromatin remodeling. SIGNIFICANCE Our results further illustrate the fact that atypical SFEC are more likely to have Mendelian inheritance than typical SFEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rudolf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS U 7104 - Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julitta de Bellescize
- Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne de Saint Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS U 7104 - Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospitals of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Audrey Labalme
- Department of Medical Genetics, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clotilde Boulay
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS U 7104 - Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Simonet
- Department of Cell Biotechnology, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Institut Imagine, Bioinformatic Platform, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Ollivier
- Institut Imagine, Bioinformatic Platform, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Department of Medical Genetics, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Hirsch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS U 7104 - Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS U 7104 - Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, France; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Yin H, Galfalvy H, Zhang B, Tang W, Xin Q, Li E, Xue X, Li Q, Ye J, Yan N, Mann JJ. Interactions of the GABRG2 polymorphisms and childhood trauma on suicide attempt and related traits in depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2020; 266:447-455. [PMID: 32056912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that the longest variant of the GABA A receptor γ2 subunit (GABRG2) was associated with suicidal behavior. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether polymorphisms near the alternatively spliced exon of GABRG2 are associated with suicide attempt (SA) and its related traits, and how these variants might interact with reported childhood trauma (CT) in their association with suicidal behavior. METHODS We examined 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GABRG2. Subjects were suicide Attempters (N = 94), non-suicide attempters (N = 168) with MDD or Bipolar depression, and healthy volunteers (N = 100). Data on demographics, depression severity and suicide attempts were collected. Participants also completed a set of instruments assessing CT, and lifetime aggression and impulsivity.. GABRG2 polymorphisms were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Allele A of rs211034 was a protective factor for SA (OR = 0.50 (0.32, 0.80), p = 0.003), and had an interaction effect with emotional neglect (OR = 0.89 (0.82, 0.97), p = 0.006) on depression. One haploblock (consisting of rs211035 and rs211034) was identified within these SNPs, and subjects with haplotype GA (frequency = 7.3%), had lower rate of SA (OR=0.26(0.10, 0.67), p = 0.006). Cognitive impulsivity (OR=1.38)1.24,1.55), p < 0.001), non-planning impulsivity (OR = 1.18 (1.10,1.25), p < 0.001), anger (OR = 1.13 (1.07,1.19), p < 0.001), impulsivity total score (OR = 1.10(1.06,1.15), p < 0.001), hostility (OR = 1.10 (1.04, 1.15), p < 0.001), aggression total score (OR = 1.05 (1.03,1.07), p < 0.001) were associated with depression, meanwhile, hopelessness (OR = 2.18 (1.56, 3.04), p < 0.001) and impulsivity total score (OR = 1.05 (1.02,1.08), p < 0.001) were associated with the risk of SA, adjusted by age and gender. There was no mediation effect in the relationship among CT, gene polymorphisms and SA or depression through increased impulsivity or aggression. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is its modest sample size. More genetic variants as well as epigenetic markers should be examined in future studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to evidence for the involvement of GABRG2 and impulsivity and hopelessness in SA independent from their association with depression. More research is needed on possible mediators of the relationship between GABA-related gene and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China.
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Qianqian Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Enze Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Qiyang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Junping Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Na Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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Cortical Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition in Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes: A Pilot TMS-EMG-EEG Study. J Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 37:170-180. [PMID: 32142025 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes have rare seizures emerging from the motor cortex, which they outgrow in adolescence, and additionally may have language deficits of unclear etiology. We piloted the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation paired with EMG and EEG (TMS-EMG, TMS-EEG) to test the hypotheses that net cortical excitability decreases with age and that use-dependent plasticity predicts learning. METHODS We assessed language and motor learning in 14 right-handed children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. We quantified two TMS metrics of left motor cortex excitability: the resting motor threshold (measure of neuronal membrane excitability) and amplitude of the N100-evoked potential (an EEG measure of GABAergic tone). To test plasticity, we applied 1 Hz repetitive TMS to the motor cortex to induce long-term depression-like changes in EMG- and EEG-evoked potentials. RESULTS Children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes tolerate TMS; no seizures were provoked. Resting motor threshold decreases with age but is elevated above maximal stimulator output for half the group. N100 amplitude decreases with age after controlling for resting motor threshold. Motor cortex plasticity correlates significantly with language learning and at a trend level with motor learning. CONCLUSIONS Transcranial magnetic stimulation is safe and feasible for children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, and TMS-EEG provides more reliable outcome measures than TMS-EMG in this group because many children have unmeasurably high resting motor thresholds. Net cortical excitability decreases with age, and motor cortex plasticity predicts not only motor learning but also language learning, suggesting a mechanism by which motor cortex seizures may interact with language development.
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Determining population stratification and subgroup effects in association studies of rare genetic variants for nicotine dependence. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 29:111-119. [PMID: 31033776 PMCID: PMC6636808 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background Rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1% or 5 %) can help researchers to deal with the confounding issue of ‘missing heritability’ and have a proven role in dissecting the etiology for human diseases and complex traits. Methods We extended the combined multivariate and collapsing (CMC) and weighted sum statistic (WSS) methods and accounted for the effects of population stratification and subgroup effects using stratified analyses by the principal component analysis, named here as ‘str-CMC’ and ‘str-WSS’. To evaluate the validity of the extended methods, we analyzed the Genetic Architecture of Smoking and Smoking Cessation database, which includes African Americans and European Americans genotyped on Illumina Human Omni2.5, and we compared the results with those obtained with the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and its modification, SKAT-O that included population stratification and subgroup effect as covariates. We utilized the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test to check for possible differences in single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequency between subgroups within a gene. We aimed to detect rare variants and considered population stratification and subgroup effects in the genomic region containing 39 acetylcholine receptor-related genes. Results The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test as applied to GABRG2 (P = 0.001) was significant. However, GABRG2 was detected both by str-CMC (P= 8.04E-06) and str-WSS (P= 0.046) in African Americans but not by SKAT or SKAT-O. Conclusions Our results imply that if associated rare variants are only specific to a subgroup, a stratified analysis might be a better approach than a combined analysis.
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Chronic exercise buffers the cognitive dysfunction and decreases the susceptibility to seizures in PTZ-treated rats. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 98:173-187. [PMID: 31377659 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder posing a severe burden to our society. Cognitive deficits are very common comorbidities of epilepsy. It is known that enhanced cognition has been demonstrated as an indicator for successful treatment of epilepsy. Physical exercise shows a positive consequence on cognition in healthy individuals and improves health and life conditions in people with epilepsy. However, there is no direct evidence to determine the role and the potential mechanism of physical exercise on the cognitive impairment and the relationship of susceptibility to seizures. The goal of the current investigation was to explore whether sustained physical exercise improves the cognitive dysfunction and simultaneously decreases the susceptibility to seizures in rats with epilepsy. Rats were treated with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, i.p. [intraperitoneally]) for 36 days to induce chronic epilepsy. During the induction period, rats were exposed to voluntary wheel running or forced swimming 30 min prior to each PTZ injection from the 16th day. The cognition of rats was evaluated by object recognition test and passive avoidance test. The susceptibility to seizures was evaluated by seizure frequency and duration. The levels of synaptic-related proteins including PSD95 (postsynaptic density 95), Synapsin, GluA1, and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) were measured to evaluate the hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, the GAD67 (glutamic acid decarboxylase) levels and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)ergic function in PTZ-treated rats were also determined. Finally, antagonist of GABAAR (GABAA receptors) bicuculline was used to explore the reversal effects of physical activity on seizures and cognition. The results showed that rats subjected to voluntary wheel running or forced swimming showed a significant reduction of seizure frequency and duration in PTZ-treated group relative to rats without running or swimming. In addition, both running and swimming improved cognitive function as measured by enhanced performance in object recognition test and passive avoidance test. Furthermore, the reduced levels of synaptic-related proteins and GABAergic function were reversed by exercise compared with rats without exercise. Moreover, antagonism of hippocampal CA3 (cornu ammonis 3) GABAergic neurons blocks the reversal effects of physical activity on seizures and cognition in PTZ-treated rats. These data showed that chronic physical exercise reduced the frequency of seizures and improved the cognitive function in a rat model of chronic epilepsy through normalization of CA3 synaptic plasticity and GABAergic function. Our findings suggest that chronic physical exercise has beneficial effects on controlling seizure through enhancement of cognition and highlights the possibility to translate into reduced seizure recurrence in people with epilepsy.
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Feng YCA, Howrigan DP, Abbott LE, Tashman K, Cerrato F, Singh T, Heyne H, Byrnes A, Churchhouse C, Watts N, Solomonson M, Lal D, Heinzen EL, Dhindsa RS, Stanley KE, Cavalleri GL, Hakonarson H, Helbig I, Krause R, May P, Weckhuysen S, Petrovski S, Kamalakaran S, Sisodiya SM, Cossette P, Cotsapas C, De Jonghe P, Dixon-Salazar T, Guerrini R, Kwan P, Marson AG, Stewart R, Depondt C, Dlugos DJ, Scheffer IE, Striano P, Freyer C, McKenna K, Regan BM, Bellows ST, Leu C, Bennett CA, Johns EM, Macdonald A, Shilling H, Burgess R, Weckhuysen D, Bahlo M, O’Brien TJ, Todaro M, Stamberger H, Andrade DM, Sadoway TR, Mo K, Krestel H, Gallati S, Papacostas SS, Kousiappa I, Tanteles GA, Štěrbová K, Vlčková M, Sedláčková L, Laššuthová P, Klein KM, Rosenow F, Reif PS, Knake S, Kunz WS, Zsurka G, Elger CE, Bauer J, Rademacher M, Pendziwiat M, Muhle H, Rademacher A, van Baalen A, von Spiczak S, Stephani U, Afawi Z, Korczyn AD, Kanaan M, Canavati C, Kurlemann G, Müller-Schlüter K, Kluger G, Häusler M, Blatt I, Lemke JR, Krey I, Weber YG, Wolking S, Becker F, Hengsbach C, Rau S, Maisch AF, Steinhoff BJ, Schulze-Bonhage A, Schubert-Bast S, Schreiber H, Borggräfe I, Schankin CJ, Mayer T, Korinthenberg R, Brockmann K, Kurlemann G, Dennig D, Madeleyn R, Kälviäinen R, Auvinen P, Saarela A, Linnankivi T, Lehesjoki AE, Rees MI, Chung SK, Pickrell WO, Powell R, Schneider N, Balestrini S, Zagaglia S, Braatz V, Johnson MR, Auce P, Sills GJ, Baum LW, Sham PC, Cherny SS, Lui CH, Barišić N, Delanty N, Doherty CP, Shukralla A, McCormack M, El-Naggar H, Canafoglia L, Franceschetti S, Castellotti B, Granata T, Zara F, Iacomino M, Madia F, Vari MS, Mancardi MM, Salpietro V, Bisulli F, Tinuper P, Licchetta L, Pippucci T, Stipa C, Minardi R, Gambardella A, Labate A, Annesi G, Manna L, Gagliardi M, Parrini E, Mei D, Vetro A, Bianchini C, Montomoli M, Doccini V, Marini C, Suzuki T, Inoue Y, Yamakawa K, Tumiene B, Sadleir LG, King C, Mountier E, Caglayan SH, Arslan M, Yapıcı Z, Yis U, Topaloglu P, Kara B, Turkdogan D, Gundogdu-Eken A, Bebek N, Uğur-İşeri S, Baykan B, Salman B, Haryanyan G, Yücesan E, Kesim Y, Özkara Ç, Poduri A, Shiedley BR, Shain C, Buono RJ, Ferraro TN, Sperling MR, Lo W, Privitera M, French JA, Schachter S, Kuzniecky RI, Devinsky O, Hegde M, Khankhanian P, Helbig KL, Ellis CA, Spalletta G, Piras F, Piras F, Gili T, Ciullo V, Reif A, McQuillin A, Bass N, McIntosh A, Blackwood D, Johnstone M, Palotie A, Pato MT, Pato CN, Bromet EJ, Carvalho CB, Achtyes ED, Azevedo MH, Kotov R, Lehrer DS, Malaspina D, Marder SR, Medeiros H, Morley CP, Perkins DO, Sobell JL, Buckley PF, Macciardi F, Rapaport MH, Knowles JA, Fanous AH, McCarroll SA, Gupta N, Gabriel SB, Daly MJ, Lander ES, Lowenstein DH, Goldstein DB, Lerche H, Berkovic SF, Neale BM. Ultra-Rare Genetic Variation in the Epilepsies: A Whole-Exome Sequencing Study of 17,606 Individuals. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:267-282. [PMID: 31327507 PMCID: PMC6698801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing-based studies have identified novel risk genes associated with severe epilepsies and revealed an excess of rare deleterious variation in less-severe forms of epilepsy. To identify the shared and distinct ultra-rare genetic risk factors for different types of epilepsies, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of 9,170 epilepsy-affected individuals and 8,436 controls of European ancestry. We focused on three phenotypic groups: severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). We observed that compared to controls, individuals with any type of epilepsy carried an excess of ultra-rare, deleterious variants in constrained genes and in genes previously associated with epilepsy; we saw the strongest enrichment in individuals with DEEs and the least strong in individuals with NAFE. Moreover, we found that inhibitory GABAA receptor genes were enriched for missense variants across all three classes of epilepsy, whereas no enrichment was seen in excitatory receptor genes. The larger gene groups for the GABAergic pathway or cation channels also showed a significant mutational burden in DEEs and GGE. Although no single gene surpassed exome-wide significance among individuals with GGE or NAFE, highly constrained genes and genes encoding ion channels were among the lead associations; such genes included CACNA1G, EEF1A2, and GABRG2 for GGE and LGI1, TRIM3, and GABRG2 for NAFE. Our study, the largest epilepsy WES study to date, confirms a convergence in the genetics of severe and less-severe epilepsies associated with ultra-rare coding variation, and it highlights a ubiquitous role for GABAergic inhibition in epilepsy etiology.
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Hernandez CC, XiangWei W, Hu N, Shen D, Shen W, Lagrange AH, Zhang Y, Dai L, Ding C, Sun Z, Hu J, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Macdonald RL. Altered inhibitory synapses in de novo GABRA5 and GABRA1 mutations associated with early onset epileptic encephalopathies. Brain 2019; 142:1938-1954. [PMID: 31056671 PMCID: PMC6598634 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed next generation sequencing on 1696 patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability using a gene panel with 480 epilepsy-related genes including all GABAA receptor subunit genes (GABRs), and we identified six de novo GABR mutations, two novel GABRA5 mutations (c.880G>T, p.V294F and c.1238C>T, p.S413F), two novel GABRA1 mutations (c.778C>T, p.P260S and c.887T>C, p.L296S/c.944G>T, p.W315L) and two known GABRA1 mutations (c.335G>A, p.R112Q and c.343A>G, p.N115D) in six patients with intractable early onset epileptic encephalopathy. The α5(V294F and S413F) and α1(P260S and L296S/W315L) subunit residue substitutions were all in transmembrane domains, while the α1(R112Q and N115R) subunit residue substitutions were in the N-terminal GABA binding domain. Using multidisciplinary approaches, we compared effects of mutant GABAA receptor α5 and α1 subunits on the properties of recombinant α5β3γ2 and α1β3γ2 GABAA receptors in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and characterized their effects on receptor clustering, biogenesis and channel function. GABAA receptors containing mutant α5 and α1 subunits all had reduced cell surface and total cell expression with altered endoplasmic reticulum processing, impaired synaptic clustering, reduced GABAA receptor function and decreased GABA binding potency. Our study identified GABRA5 as a causative gene for early onset epileptic encephalopathy and expands the mutant GABRA1 phenotypic spectrum, supporting growing evidence that defects in GABAergic neurotransmission contribute to early onset epileptic encephalopathy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenshu XiangWei
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Hu
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dingding Shen
- The Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine. Shanghai, China
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andre H Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, and the Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Dai
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Epilepsy center of Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiasheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Hernandez CC, Macdonald RL. A structural look at GABA A receptor mutations linked to epilepsy syndromes. Brain Res 2019; 1714:234-247. [PMID: 30851244 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic variation in GABAA receptor subunit genes (GABRs), GABRA1-6, GABRB1-3, GABRG1-3 and GABRD, in individuals affected by epilepsy may improve the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy syndromes through identification of disease-associated variants. However, the lack of functional analysis and validation of many novel and previously reported familial and de novo mutations have made it challenging to address meaningful gene associations with epilepsy syndromes. GABAA receptors belong to the Cys-loop receptor family. Even though GABAA receptor mutant residues are widespread among different GABRs, their frequent occurrence in important structural domains that share common functional features suggests associations between structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C Hernandez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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24
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Wu C, Bao W, Yi B, Wang Q, Wu X, Qian M, Zuo C, Huang Z. Increased metabolic activity and hysteretic enhanced GABA A receptor binding in a rat model of salicylate-induced tinnitus. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:348-355. [PMID: 30797852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is relevant to neural hyperactivity in the central nervous system (CNS). Normal quantity and functioning of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor are crucial for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain. In this study, we applied a rat model of tinnitus via long-term salicylate administration. The combination of the gap pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) tests were used to detect tinnitus-like behavior, and rats receiving 7 or 14 consecutive days of salicylate administration showed evidence of tinnitus. After positron emission tomography (PET) scan, we found that the metabolic activity was increased after salicylate treatment followed by enhanced GABAA receptor binding with cessation of salicylate administration in the auditory cortex (AC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HP), cingulate cortex (CiC) and insular (InC). The inferior colliculus (IC) showed an elevated metabolic activity with no change in the GABAA receptor binding. All the alterations returned to baseline several days after cessation of salicylate treatment despite a mismatch between the time-course of them. By contrast, we found alterations in neither the metabolic activity nor the GABAA receptor binding in the amygdala (AMY) and cerebellum (CRB). These findings indicate that enhanced neural activity in the auditory and limbic system may contribute to the development of tinnitus, while the hysteretic increase of GABAA receptor binding in specific areas of the CNS may be a compensation for hyperactivity, which may be involved in tinnitus relieving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratoryof Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiqi Bao
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratoryof Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratoryof Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratoryof Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minfei Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratoryof Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiwu Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Laboratoryof Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Fu YL, Han DY, Wang YJ, Di XJ, Yu HB, Mu TW. Remodeling the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis network restores proteostasis of pathogenic GABAA receptors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207948. [PMID: 30481215 PMCID: PMC6258528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of membrane proteins is controlled by the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) network. We have been focusing on protein quality control of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter-gated ion channels in mammalian central nervous system. Proteostasis deficiency in GABAA receptors causes loss of their surface expression and thus function on the plasma membrane, leading to epilepsy and other neurological diseases. One well-characterized example is the A322D mutation in the α1 subunit that causes its extensive misfolding and expedited degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in autosomal dominant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. We aimed to correct misfolding of the α1(A322D) subunits in the ER as an approach to restore their functional surface expression. Here, we showed that application of BIX, a specific, potent ER resident HSP70 family protein BiP activator, significantly increases the surface expression of the mutant receptors in human HEK293T cells and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. BIX attenuates the degradation of α1(A322D) and enhances their forward trafficking and function. Furthermore, because BiP is one major target of the two unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways: ATF6 and IRE1, we continued to demonstrate that modest activations of the ATF6 pathway and IRE1 pathway genetically enhance the plasma membrane trafficking of the α1(A322D) protein in HEK293T cells. Our results underlie the potential of regulating the ER proteostasis network to correct loss-of-function protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Fu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dong-Yun Han
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jing Di
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience & Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kumar J, Solaiman A, Mahakkanukrauh P, Mohamed R, Das S. Sleep Related Epilepsy and Pharmacotherapy: An Insight. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1088. [PMID: 30319421 PMCID: PMC6171479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last several decades, sleep-related epilepsy has drawn considerable attention among epileptologists and neuroscientists in the interest of new paradigms of the disease etiology, pathogenesis and management. Sleep-related epilepsy is nocturnal seizures that manifest solely during the sleep state. Sleep comprises two distinct stages i.e., non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) that alternate every 90 min with NREM preceding REM. Current findings indicate that the sleep-related epilepsy manifests predominantly during the synchronized stages of sleep; NREM over REM stage. Sleep related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes or benign rolandic epilepsy (BECTS), and Panayiotopoulos Syndrome (PS) are three of the most frequently implicated epilepsies occurring during the sleep state. Although some familial types are described, others are seemingly sporadic occurrences. In the present review, we aim to discuss the predominance of sleep-related epilepsy during NREM, established familial links to the pathogenesis of SHE, BECTS and PS, and highlight the present available pharmacotherapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amro Solaiman
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Centre in Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rashidi Mohamed
- Department of Familty Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jabbari K, Bobbili DR, Lal D, Reinthaler EM, Schubert J, Wolking S, Sinha V, Motameny S, Thiele H, Kawalia A, Altmüller J, Toliat MR, Kraaij R, van Rooij J, Uitterlinden AG, Ikram MA, Zara F, Lehesjoki AE, Krause R, Zimprich F, Sander T, Neubauer BA, May P, Lerche H, Nürnberg P. Rare gene deletions in genetic generalized and Rolandic epilepsies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202022. [PMID: 30148849 PMCID: PMC6110470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE) and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes or Rolandic Epilepsy (RE) are common forms of genetic epilepsies. Rare copy number variants have been recognized as important risk factors in brain disorders. We performed a systematic survey of rare deletions affecting protein-coding genes derived from exome data of patients with common forms of genetic epilepsies. We analysed exomes from 390 European patients (196 GGE and 194 RE) and 572 population controls to identify low-frequency genic deletions. We found that 75 (32 GGE and 43 RE) patients out of 390, i.e. ~19%, carried rare genic deletions. In particular, large deletions (>400 kb) represent a higher burden in both GGE and RE syndromes as compared to controls. The detected low-frequency deletions (1) share genes with brain-expressed exons that are under negative selection, (2) overlap with known autism and epilepsy-associated candidate genes, (3) are enriched for CNV intolerant genes recorded by the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) and (4) coincide with likely disruptive de novo mutations from the NPdenovo database. Employing several knowledge databases, we discuss the most prominent epilepsy candidate genes and their protein-protein networks for GGE and RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Jabbari
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dheeraj R. Bobbili
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Schubert
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vishal Sinha
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Departments of Epidemiology, Neurology, and Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd A. Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Medical Faculty University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lorenz-Guertin JM, Bambino MJ, Jacob TC. γ2 GABA AR Trafficking and the Consequences of Human Genetic Variation. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:265. [PMID: 30190672 PMCID: PMC6116786 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) mediate the majority of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Most prevalent as heteropentamers composed of two α, two β, and a γ2 subunit, these ligand-gated ionotropic chloride channels are capable of extensive genetic diversity (α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, δ, 𝜀, 𝜃, π, ρ1-3). Part of this selective GABAAR assembly arises from the critical role for γ2 in maintaining synaptic receptor localization and function. Accordingly, mutations in this subunit account for over half of the known epilepsy-associated genetic anomalies identified in GABAARs. Fundamental structure-function studies and cellular pathology investigations have revealed dynamic GABAAR trafficking and synaptic scaffolding as critical regulators of GABAergic inhibition. Here, we introduce in vitro and in vivo findings regarding the specific role of the γ2 subunit in receptor trafficking. We then examine γ2 subunit human genetic variation and assess disease related phenotypes and the potential role of altered GABAAR trafficking. Finally, we discuss new-age imaging techniques and their potential to provide novel insight into critical regulatory mechanisms of GABAAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew J Bambino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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29
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Addis L, Sproviero W, Thomas SV, Caraballo RH, Newhouse SJ, Gomez K, Hughes E, Kinali M, McCormick D, Hannan S, Cossu S, Taylor J, Akman CI, Wolf SM, Mandelbaum DE, Gupta R, van der Spek RA, Pruna D, Pal DK. Identification of new risk factors for rolandic epilepsy: CNV at Xp22.31 and alterations at cholinergic synapses. J Med Genet 2018; 55:607-616. [PMID: 29789371 PMCID: PMC6119347 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common genetic childhood epilepsy, consisting of focal, nocturnal seizures and frequent neurodevelopmental impairments in speech, language, literacy and attention. A complex genetic aetiology is presumed in most, with monogenic mutations in GRIN2A accounting for >5% of cases. Objective To identify rare, causal CNV in patients with RE. Methods We used high-density SNP arrays to analyse the presence of rare CNVs in 186 patients with RE from the UK, the USA, Sardinia, Argentina and Kerala, India. Results We identified 84 patients with one or more rare CNVs, and, within this group, 14 (7.5%) with recurrent risk factor CNVs and 15 (8.0%) with likely pathogenic CNVs. Nine patients carried recurrent hotspot CNVs including at 16p13.11 and 1p36, with the most striking finding that four individuals (three from Sardinia) carried a duplication, and one a deletion, at Xp22.31. Five patients with RE carried a rare CNV that disrupted genes associated with other epilepsies (KCTD7, ARHGEF15, CACNA2D1, GRIN2A and ARHGEF4), and 17 cases carried CNVs that disrupted genes associated with other neurological conditions or that are involved in neuronal signalling/development. Network analysis of disrupted genes with high brain expression identified significant enrichment in pathways of the cholinergic synapse, guanine-exchange factor activation and the mammalian target of rapamycin. Conclusion Our results provide a CNV profile of an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with RE, uncovering new areas of research focus, and emphasise the importance of studying non-western European populations in oligogenic disorders to uncover a full picture of risk variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Addis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,Neuroscience Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, UK
| | - William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjeev V Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Roberto H Caraballo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. J.P. Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, UK.,Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kumudini Gomez
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Lewisham, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Elaine Hughes
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maria Kinali
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - David McCormick
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Siobhan Hannan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Cossu
- Neurosurgery Unit, Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Pediatric Hospital A. Cao, Brotzu Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Cigdem I Akman
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Steven M Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, New York, USA
| | - David E Mandelbaum
- Departments of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Paediatrics, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Pembury, UK
| | - Rick A van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Pruna
- Neurology Unit, Pediatric Hospital A. Cao, Brotzu Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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Baumer FM, Cardon AL, Porter BE. Language Dysfunction in Pediatric Epilepsy. J Pediatr 2018; 194:13-21. [PMID: 29241678 PMCID: PMC5826845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - Aaron L Cardon
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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31
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Bobbili DR, Lal D, May P, Reinthaler EM, Jabbari K, Thiele H, Nothnagel M, Jurkowski W, Feucht M, Nürnberg P, Lerche H, Zimprich F, Krause R, Neubauer BA, Reinthaler EM, Zimprich F, Feucht M, Steinböck H, Neophytou B, Geldner J, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Haberlandt E, Ronen GM, Altmüller J, Lal D, Nürnberg P, Sander T, Thiele H, Krause R, May P, Balling R, Lerche H, Neubauer BA. Exome-wide analysis of mutational burden in patients with typical and atypical Rolandic epilepsy. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:258-264. [PMID: 29358611 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common focal epilepsy in childhood. To date no hypothesis-free exome-wide mutational screen has been conducted for RE and atypical RE (ARE). Here we report on whole-exome sequencing of 194 unrelated patients with RE/ARE and 567 ethnically matched population controls. We identified an exome-wide significantly enriched burden for deleterious and loss-of-function variants only for the established RE/ARE gene GRIN2A. The statistical significance of the enrichment disappeared after removing ARE patients. For several disease-related gene-sets, an odds ratio >1 was detected for loss-of-function variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj R Bobbili
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Eva M Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kamel Jabbari
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiktor Jurkowski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Bernd A Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Medical Faculty University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Eva M Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannelore Steinböck
- Private Practice for Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital, 1150, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julia Geldner
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital SMZ Süd Kaiser-Franz-Josef, 1100, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Edda Haberlandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel M Ronen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8N3Z5, ON, Canada
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd A Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Medical Faculty University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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32
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Myers KA, McGlade A, Neubauer BA, Lal D, Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE, Hildebrand MS. KANSL1 variation is not a major contributing factor in self-limited focal epilepsy syndromes of childhood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191546. [PMID: 29352316 PMCID: PMC5774806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KANSL1 haploinsufficiency causes Koolen-de Vries syndrome (KdVS), characterized by dysmorphic features and intellectual disability; amiable personality, congenital malformations and seizures also commonly occur. The epilepsy phenotypic spectrum in KdVS is broad, but most individuals have focal seizures with some having a phenotype resembling the self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood (SFEC). We hypothesized that variants in KANSL1 contribute to pathogenesis of SFEC. Materials and methods We screened KANSL1 for single nucleotide variants in 90 patients with SFEC. We then screened a cohort of 208 patients with two specific SFEC syndromes, childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) and atypical childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ACECTS) for KANSL1 variants. The second cohort was also used to evaluate minor allelic variants that appeared overrepresented in the initial cohort. Results One variant, p.Lys104Thr, was predicted damaging and appeared overrepresented in our 90-patient cohort compared to Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) allele frequency (0.217 to 0.116, with no homozygotes in gnomAD). However, there was no difference in p.Lys104Thr allele frequency in the follow-up CECTS/ACECTS cohort and controls. Four rare KANSL1 variants of uncertain significance were identified in the CECTS/ACECTS cohort. Discussion Our data do not support a major role for KANSL1 variants in pathogenesis of SFEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Myers
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Amelia McGlade
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernd A. Neubauer
- Abteilung Kinderneurologie, Sozialpädiatrie und Epileptologie, Universitäts-Kinderklinik Giessen und Marburg, Standort Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dennis Lal
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Analytical Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cologne Centre for Genomics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S. Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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33
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Interactions between GHRH and GABAARs in the brains of patients with epilepsy and in animal models of epilepsy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18110. [PMID: 29273763 PMCID: PMC5741719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) has recently been shown to increase the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and activate GABA receptors (GABARs) in the cerebral cortex. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that can inhibit seizures. Does GHRH enhance the inhibitory effect of GABA to prevent epilepsy by increasing the GABA level and activating GABARs? In this study, patients with epilepsy and C57/BL6 mice with epilepsy induced by kainic acid (KA) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) served as the research subjects. Western blots were used to observe the differences in GHRH expression between the normal group and the epilepsy group, immunofluorescence was performed to explore the localization of GHRH in the brain, and coimmunoprecipitation was used to observe the interaction between GHRH and GABARs. GHRH expression was significantly increased in both patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in two mouse models induced by KA or PTZ compared with that in the normal groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). GHRH was expressed in neurons in both humans and mice. Additionally, GHRH co-localized with presynaptic and postsynaptic sites of inhibitory neurons. Coimmunoprecipitation confirmed that GHRH interacted with GABAAα1 and GABAAβ2 + 3. GHRH may play an important role in inhibiting seizures by activating GABAARs.
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34
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Hernandez CC, Zhang Y, Hu N, Shen D, Shen W, Liu X, Kong W, Jiang Y, Macdonald RL. GABA A Receptor Coupling Junction and Pore GABRB3 Mutations are Linked to Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15903. [PMID: 29162865 PMCID: PMC5698489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors are brain inhibitory chloride ion channels. Here we show functional analyses and structural simulations for three de novo missense mutations in the GABAA receptor β3 subunit gene (GABRB3) identified in patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) and profound developmental delay. We sought to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms that might link defects in GABAA receptor biophysics and biogenesis to patients with EOEE. The mutant residues are part of conserved structural domains such as the Cys-loop (L170R) and M2-M3 loop (A305V) that form the GABA binding/channel gating coupling junction and the channel pore (T288N), which are functionally coupled during receptor activation. The mutant coupling junction residues caused rearrangements and formation of new hydrogen bonds in the open state, while the mutant pore residue reshaped the pore cavity. Whereas mutant coupling junction residues uncoupled during activation and caused gain of function, the mutant pore residue favoured low conductance receptors and differential sensitivity to diazepam and loss of function. These data reveal novel molecular mechanisms by which EOEE-linked mutations affect GABAA receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN., 37240-7915., USA. .,University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Room 6115, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2216, USA.
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ningning Hu
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN., 37240-7915., USA
| | - Dingding Shen
- The Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37240-7915., TN, USA
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN., 37240-7915., USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN., 37240-7915., USA.
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Lee YJ, Hwang SK, Kwon S. The Clinical Spectrum of Benign Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes: a Challenge in Categorization and Predictability. J Epilepsy Res 2017; 7:1-6. [PMID: 28775948 PMCID: PMC5540684 DOI: 10.14581/jer.17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS) is the most common type of focal epilepsy in children; it is age-dependent and presumably genetic. Traditionally, children with BECTS have a very good prognosis, even without medical treatment, and are thought to show no neurological symptoms or cognitive deficits. However, many previous studies have shown that BECTS can present with various clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics that are commonly associated with neuropsychological deficits, including linguistic, cognitive, and behavioral impairment. The degree of the neuropsychological deficits appears to depend on the sleep cycle and the localization of epileptiform discharges. Furthermore, based on neurobiological studies, a complex interplay between the processes of brain maturation and the involvement of genes that confer susceptibility may contribute to a variety of different childhood epileptic syndromes with various neuropsychological deficits. Thus, BECTS, atypical benign focal epilepsy during childhood, status epilepticus of BECTS, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep are all considered different entities, but are part of a single spectrum of disorders. In clinical practice, we have to consider BECTS as benign only when there are no or only mild neuropsychological deficits before medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soonhak Kwon
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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36
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Ion Channel Genes and Epilepsy: Functional Alteration, Pathogenic Potential, and Mechanism of Epilepsy. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:455-477. [PMID: 28488083 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are crucial in the generation and modulation of excitability in the nervous system and have been implicated in human epilepsy. Forty-one epilepsy-associated ion channel genes and their mutations are systematically reviewed. In this paper, we analyzed the genotypes, functional alterations (funotypes), and phenotypes of these mutations. Eleven genes featured loss-of-function mutations and six had gain-of-function mutations. Nine genes displayed diversified funotypes, among which a distinct funotype-phenotype correlation was found in SCN1A. These data suggest that the funotype is an essential consideration in evaluating the pathogenicity of mutations and a distinct funotype or funotype-phenotype correlation helps to define the pathogenic potential of a gene.
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37
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Zou F, McWalter K, Schmidt L, Decker A, Picker JD, Lincoln S, Sweetser DA, Briere LC, Harini C, Marsh E, Medne L, Wang RY, Leydiker K, Mower A, Visser G, Cuppen I, van Gassen KL, van der Smagt J, Yousaf A, Tennison M, Shanmugham A, Butler E, Richard G, McKnight D. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of GABRG2 variants: a recurrent GABRG2 missense variant associated with a severe phenotype. J Neurogenet 2017; 31:30-36. [PMID: 28460589 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1315417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic missense and truncating variants in the GABRG2 gene cause a spectrum of epilepsies, from Dravet syndrome to milder simple febrile seizures. In most cases, pathogenic missense variants in the GABRG2 gene segregate with a febrile seizure phenotype. In this case series, we report a recurrent, de novo missense variant (c0.316 G > A; p.A106T) in the GABRG2 gene that was identified in five unrelated individuals. These patients were described to have a more severe phenotype than previously reported for GABRG2 missense variants. Common features include variable early-onset seizures, significant motor and speech delays, intellectual disability, hypotonia, movement disorder, dysmorphic features and vision/ocular issues. Our report further explores a recurrent pathogenic missense variant within the GABRG2 variant family and broadens the spectrum of associated phenotypes for GABRG2-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Picker
- b Division of Genetics and Genomics , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sharyn Lincoln
- b Division of Genetics and Genomics , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c NIH Common Fund , Undiagnosed Diseases Network , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - David A Sweetser
- c NIH Common Fund , Undiagnosed Diseases Network , Bethesda , MD , USA.,d Department of Medical Genetics , Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lauren C Briere
- c NIH Common Fund , Undiagnosed Diseases Network , Bethesda , MD , USA.,d Department of Medical Genetics , Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Chellamani Harini
- e Division of Neurophysiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | -
- c NIH Common Fund , Undiagnosed Diseases Network , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Eric Marsh
- f Division of Child Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics , Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Livija Medne
- g Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, Division of Neurology , The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Raymond Y Wang
- h Division of Metabolic Disorders , CHOC Children's Hospital , Orange , CA , USA
| | - Karen Leydiker
- h Division of Metabolic Disorders , CHOC Children's Hospital , Orange , CA , USA
| | - Andrew Mower
- i Neurology , CHOC Children's Hospital , Orange , CA , USA
| | - Gepke Visser
- j Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Inge Cuppen
- j Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Koen L van Gassen
- k Department of Genetics , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Smagt
- k Department of Genetics , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Adeel Yousaf
- l University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Michael Tennison
- m University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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38
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Xiong W, Zhou D. Progress in unraveling the genetic etiology of rolandic epilepsy. Seizure 2017; 47:99-104. [PMID: 28351718 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rolandic epilepsy (RE), or benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECT), is the most frequent idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome of childhood, where the "idiopathic" implies a genetic predisposition. Although RE has long been presumed to have a genetic component, clinical and genetic studies have shown a complex inheritance pattern. Furthermore, the underlying major genetic influence in RE has been challenged by recent reports of twin studies. Meanwhile, many genes or loci have been shown to be associated the RE/atypical RE (ARE) spectrum, with a higher frequency of causative variants in ARE. However, a full understanding of the genetic basis in the more common forms of the RE spectrum remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Altered Channel Conductance States and Gating of GABA A Receptors by a Pore Mutation Linked to Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0251-16. [PMID: 28197552 PMCID: PMC5301078 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0251-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a de novo missense mutation, P302L, in the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor γ2 subunit gene GABRG2 in a patient with Dravet syndrome using targeted next-generation sequencing. The mutation was in the cytoplasmic portion of the transmembrane segment M2 of the γ2 subunit that faces the pore lumen. GABAA receptor α1 and β3 subunits were coexpressed with wild-type (wt) γ2L or mutant γ2L(P302L) subunits in HEK 293T cells and cultured mouse cortical neurons. We measured currents using whole-cell and single-channel patch clamp techniques, surface and total expression levels using surface biotinylation and Western blotting, and potential structural perturbations in mutant GABAA receptors using structural modeling. The γ2(P302L) subunit mutation produced an ∼90% reduction of whole-cell current by increasing macroscopic desensitization and reducing GABA potency, which resulted in a profound reduction of GABAA receptor-mediated miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs). The conductance of the receptor channel was reduced to 24% of control conductance by shifting the relative contribution of the conductance states from high- to low-conductance levels with only slight changes in receptor surface expression. Structural modeling of the GABAA receptor in the closed, open, and desensitized states showed that the mutation was positioned to slow activation, enhance desensitization, and shift channels to a low-conductance state by reshaping the hour-glass-like pore cavity during transitions between closed, open, and desensitized states. Our study revealed a novel γ2 subunit missense mutation (P302L) that has a novel pathogenic mechanism to cause defects in the conductance and gating of GABAA receptors, which results in hyperexcitability and contributes to the pathogenesis of the genetic epilepsy Dravet syndrome.
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Shen D, Hernandez CC, Shen W, Hu N, Poduri A, Shiedley B, Rotenberg A, Datta AN, Leiz S, Patzer S, Boor R, Ramsey K, Goldberg E, Helbig I, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Lemke JR, Marsh ED, Macdonald RL. De novo GABRG2 mutations associated with epileptic encephalopathies. Brain 2017; 140:49-67. [PMID: 27864268 PMCID: PMC5226060 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies are a devastating group of severe childhood onset epilepsies with medication-resistant seizures and poor developmental outcomes. Many epileptic encephalopathies have a genetic aetiology and are often associated with de novo mutations in genes mediating synaptic transmission, including GABAA receptor subunit genes. Recently, we performed next generation sequencing on patients with a spectrum of epileptic encephalopathy phenotypes, and we identified five novel (A106T, I107T, P282S, R323W and F343L) and one known (R323Q) de novo GABRG2 pathogenic variants (mutations) in eight patients. To gain insight into the molecular basis for how these mutations contribute to epileptic encephalopathies, we compared the effects of the mutations on the properties of recombinant α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors transiently expressed in HEK293T cells. Using a combination of patch clamp recording, immunoblotting, confocal imaging and structural modelling, we characterized the effects of these GABRG2 mutations on GABAA receptor biogenesis and channel function. Compared with wild-type α1β2γ2L receptors, GABAA receptors containing a mutant γ2 subunit had reduced cell surface expression with altered subunit stoichiometry or decreased GABA-evoked whole-cell current amplitudes, but with different levels of reduction. While a causal role of these mutations cannot be established directly from these results, the functional analysis together with the genetic information suggests that these GABRG2 variants may be major contributors to the epileptic encephalopathy phenotypes. Our study further expands the GABRG2 phenotypic spectrum and supports growing evidence that defects in GABAergic neurotransmission participate in the pathogenesis of genetic epilepsies including epileptic encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Shen
- 1 The Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ciria C Hernandez
- 2 Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- 2 Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ningning Hu
- 2 Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- 3 Epilepsy Genetics Program and the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- 4 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Shiedley
- 3 Epilepsy Genetics Program and the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex Rotenberg
- 3 Epilepsy Genetics Program and the Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre N Datta
- 5 Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Leiz
- 6 Clinic for Children and Adolescents Dritter Orden, Divison of Neuropediatrics, München, 80638 Germany
| | - Steffi Patzer
- 7 Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Halle/Saale, 06097 Germany
| | - Rainer Boor
- 8 Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kiel University, Kiel 24118 Germany; Northern German Epilepsy Centre for Children and Adolescents, Schwentinental - Raisdorf, 24223 Germany
| | - Kerri Ramsey
- 9 Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, 85004 AZ, USA
| | - Ethan Goldberg
- 10 Departments of Neurology and Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- 11 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- 10 Departments of Neurology and Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- 11 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-Gonzalez
- 10 Departments of Neurology and Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- 11 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- 12 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Eric D Marsh
- 10 Departments of Neurology and Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- 11 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- 2 Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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Dejanovic B, Djémié T, Grünewald N, Suls A, Kress V, Hetsch F, Craiu D, Zemel M, Gormley P, Lal D, Myers CT, Mefford HC, Palotie A, Helbig I, Meier JC, De Jonghe P, Weckhuysen S, Schwarz G. Simultaneous impairment of neuronal and metabolic function of mutated gephyrin in a patient with epileptic encephalopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1580-94. [PMID: 26613940 PMCID: PMC4693503 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inhibition is essential for shaping the dynamics of neuronal networks, and aberrant inhibition plays an important role in neurological disorders. Gephyrin is a central player at inhibitory postsynapses, directly binds and organizes GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAARs and GlyRs), and is thereby indispensable for normal inhibitory neurotransmission. Additionally, gephyrin catalyzes the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in peripheral tissue. We identified a de novo missense mutation (G375D) in the gephyrin gene (GPHN) in a patient with epileptic encephalopathy resembling Dravet syndrome. Although stably expressed and correctly folded, gephyrin‐G375D was non‐synaptically localized in neurons and acted dominant‐negatively on the clustering of wild‐type gephyrin leading to a marked decrease in GABAAR surface expression and GABAergic signaling. We identified a decreased binding affinity between gephyrin‐G375D and the receptors, suggesting that Gly375 is essential for gephyrin–receptor complex formation. Surprisingly, gephyrin‐G375D was also unable to synthesize MoCo and activate MoCo‐dependent enzymes. Thus, we describe a missense mutation that affects both functions of gephyrin and suggest that the identified defect at GABAergic synapses is the mechanism underlying the patient's severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Dejanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tania Djémié
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nora Grünewald
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arvid Suls
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium GENOMED, Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Kress
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Hetsch
- Division Cell Physiology, Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dana Craiu
- Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Al Obregia Hospital, Bucharest, Romania Department of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Neurosurgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthew Zemel
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Padhraig Gormley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Faculty Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Candace T Myers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jochen C Meier
- Division Cell Physiology, Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Division of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Inserm U 1127 CNRS UMR 7225 Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127 Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France Centre de reference épilepsies rares, Epilepsy unit, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Panjwani N, Wilson MD, Addis L, Crosbie J, Wirrell E, Auvin S, Caraballo RH, Kinali M, McCormick D, Oren C, Taylor J, Trounce J, Clarke T, Akman CI, Kugler SL, Mandelbaum DE, McGoldrick P, Wolf SM, Arnold P, Schachar R, Pal DK, Strug LJ. A microRNA-328 binding site in PAX6 is associated with centrotemporal spikes of rolandic epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:512-22. [PMID: 27386500 PMCID: PMC4931716 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rolandic epilepsy is a common genetic focal epilepsy of childhood characterized by centrotemporal sharp waves on electroencephalogram. In previous genome‐wide analysis, we had reported linkage of centrotemporal sharp waves to chromosome 11p13, and fine mapping with 44 SNPs identified the ELP4‐PAX6 locus in two independent US and Canadian case–control samples. Here, we aimed to find a causative variant for centrotemporal sharp waves using a larger sample and higher resolution genotyping array. Methods We fine‐mapped the ELP4‐PAX6 locus in 186 individuals from rolandic epilepsy families and 1000 population controls of European origin using the Illumina HumanCoreExome‐12 v1.0 BeadChip. Controls were matched to cases on ethnicity using principal component analysis. We used generalized estimating equations to assess association, followed up with a bioinformatics survey and literature search to evaluate functional significance. Results Homozygosity at the T allele of SNP rs662702 in the 3′ untranslated region of PAX6 conferred increased risk of CTS: Odds ratio = 12.29 (95% CI: 3.20–47.22), P = 2.6 × 10−4 and is seen in 3.9% of cases but only 0.3% of controls. Interpretation The minor T allele of SNP rs662702 disrupts regulation by microRNA‐328, which is known to result in increased PAX6 expression in vitro. This study provides, for the first time, evidence of a noncoding genomic variant contributing to the etiology of a common human epilepsy via a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Laura Addis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London SE5 9RX United Kingdom; Neuroscience Discovery Research Eli Lilly and Company Erl Wood, Surrey GU20 6PH United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Psychiatry The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Elaine Wirrell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 55905
| | - Stéphane Auvin
- Service de neurologie pédiatrique/Inserm 1141 Hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP, 48 boulevard Sérurier Paris 75019 France
| | - Roberto H Caraballo
- Department of Neurology Hospital de Pediatría "Prof Dr Juan P Garrahan" Combate de los Pozos 1881 C1245AAM Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maria Kinali
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital London SW10 9NH United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline Oren
- Northwick Park Hospital Middlesex HA1 3UJ United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Taylor
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals Enfield, Greater London EN2 8JL United Kingdom
| | - John Trounce
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Brighton BN1 6AG United Kingdom
| | - Tara Clarke
- Department of Epidemiology Columbia University New York New York 10027
| | - Cigdem I Akman
- Neurological Institute Columbia University Medical Centre New York, New York 10032
| | - Steven L Kugler
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David E Mandelbaum
- Hasbro Children's Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02903
| | | | | | - Paul Arnold
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Psychiatry The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Department of Psychiatry The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London SE5 9RX United Kingdom; King's College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom; Evelina London Children's Hospita lLondon SE1 7EH United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada; Division of Biostatistics Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
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Weber Y, Lerche H. Genetische Untersuchungen bei Epilepsien – vom Labor in die Praxis. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EPILEPTOLOGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10309-015-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Boillot M, Morin-Brureau M, Picard F, Weckhuysen S, Lambrecq V, Minetti C, Striano P, Zara F, Iacomino M, Ishida S, An-Gourfinkel I, Daniau M, Hardies K, Baulac M, Dulac O, Leguern E, Nabbout R, Baulac S. Novel GABRG2 mutations cause familial febrile seizures. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2015; 1:e35. [PMID: 27066572 PMCID: PMC4811385 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the genetic cause in a large family with febrile seizures (FS) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and subsequently search for additional mutations in a cohort of 107 families with FS, with or without epilepsy. Methods: The cohort consisted of 1 large family with FS and TLE, 64 smaller French families recruited through a national French campaign, and 43 Italian families. Molecular analyses consisted of whole-exome sequencing and mutational screening. Results: Exome sequencing revealed a p.Glu402fs*3 mutation in the γ2 subunit of the GABAA receptor gene (GABRG2) in the large family with FS and TLE. Three additional nonsense and frameshift GABRG2 mutations (p.Arg136*, p.Val462fs*33, and p.Pro59fs*12), 1 missense mutation (p.Met199Val), and 1 exonic deletion were subsequently identified in 5 families of the follow-up cohort. Conclusions: We report GABRG2 mutations in 5.6% (6/108) of families with FS, with or without associated epilepsy. This study provides evidence that GABRG2 mutations are linked to the FS phenotype, rather than epilepsy, and that loss-of-function of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit is the probable underlying pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Boillot
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Picard
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Federico Zara
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Saeko Ishida
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle An-Gourfinkel
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Mailys Daniau
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Katia Hardies
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Michel Baulac
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dulac
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Baulac
- Sorbonne Universités (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 75, ICM; INSERM, U1127 (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), ICM; CNRS (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), UMR 7225, ICM; ICM (M.B., S.I., M.D., S.B., M.M.-B., E.L., S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), Paris, France; Department of Neurology (F.P.), University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Switzerland; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares, Epilepsy Unit (S.W., M.B., V.L., I.A.-G.), and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique (E.L.), AP-HP Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova (C.M., P.S.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences (F.Z., M.I.), "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy; Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics (K.H.), and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge (K.H.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre de Reference Épilepsies Rares (O.D., R.N.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM (O.D., R.N.), U1129, Necker, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes (O.D., R.N.), Paris, France
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Hardies K, de Kovel CGF, Weckhuysen S, Asselbergh B, Geuens T, Deconinck T, Azmi A, May P, Brilstra E, Becker F, Barisic N, Craiu D, Braun KP, Lal D, Thiele H, Schubert J, Weber Y, van ‘t Slot R, Nürnberg P, Balling R, Timmerman V, Lerche H, Maudsley S, Helbig I, Suls A, Koeleman BP. Recessive mutations inSLC13A5result in a loss of citrate transport and cause neonatal epilepsy, developmental delay and teeth hypoplasia. Brain 2015; 138:3238-50. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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