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Kohyama J. Re-Evaluating Recommended Optimal Sleep Duration: A Perspective on Sleep Literacy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1098. [PMID: 39334630 PMCID: PMC11429570 DOI: 10.3390/children11091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
A significant number of adolescents experience sleepiness, primarily due to sleep deprivation. The detrimental effects of inadequate sleep on both physical and mental health are well documented, particularly during adolescence-a critical developmental stage that has far-reaching implications for later life outcomes. The International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision recently introduced the disorder termed 'insufficient sleep syndrome,' characterized by a persistent reduction in sleep quantity. However, diagnosing this condition based solely on sleep duration is challenging due to significant individual variation in what constitutes optimal sleep. Despite this, managing sleep debt remains difficult without a clear understanding of individual optimal sleep needs. This review aims to reassess recommended sleep durations, with a focus on enhancing sleep literacy. Beginning with an exploration of insufficient sleep syndrome, this review delves into research on optimal sleep duration and examines foundational studies on sleep debt's impact on the developing brain. Finally, it addresses the challenges inherent in sleep education programs from the perspective of sleep literacy. By doing so, this review seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the chronic sleep debt issues faced by adolescents, particularly those affected by insufficient sleep syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kohyama
- Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu 279-0001, Japan
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2
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Ruiz-Herrera N, Friedman M, St. Hilaire MA, Arrona-Palacios A, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. Time of Day and Sleep Deprivation Effects on Risky Decision Making. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:281-290. [PMID: 38920421 PMCID: PMC11202614 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that daily variations in human neurobehavioral functions are driven in part by the endogenous circadian system. The objective of this study was to explore whether there exists a circadian influence on performance regarding a risky decision-making task and to determine whether the performance changes with sleep deprivation (SD). Thirteen participants underwent a 39 h constant routine (CR) protocol, during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed the BART (balloon analogue risk task) every two hours. The mean pumps (gains) (p < 0.001) and balloons popped (losses) (p = 0.003) exhibited variation during the CR. The reaction time (RT) also showed significant variation across the CR (p < 0.001), with slower mean RTs in the morning hours following SD. A greater risk propensity was observed around midday before SD and a lower risk propensity after 29.5 h of being awake. The sensitivity to punishment varied during the CR, but did not follow a predictable trend. Further research using real monetary incentives and neurophysiological measures is warranted to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ruiz-Herrera
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mia Friedman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
| | - Melissa A. St. Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Engineering and Computational Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Mao T, Fang Z, Chai Y, Deng Y, Rao J, Quan P, Goel N, Basner M, Guo B, Dinges DF, Liu J, Detre JA, Rao H. Sleep deprivation attenuates neural responses to outcomes from risky decision-making. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14465. [PMID: 37905305 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss impacts a broad range of brain and cognitive functions. However, how sleep deprivation affects risky decision-making remains inconclusive. This study used functional MRI to examine the impact of one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on risky decision-making behavior and the underlying brain responses in healthy adults. In this study, we analyzed data from N = 56 participants in a strictly controlled 5-day and 4-night in-laboratory study using a modified Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Participants completed two scan sessions in counter-balanced order, including one scan during rested wakefulness (RW) and another scan after one night of TSD. Results showed no differences in participants' risk-taking propensity and risk-induced activation between RW and TSD. However, participants showed significantly reduced neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral insula for loss outcomes, and in bilateral putamen for win outcomes during TSD compared with RW. Moreover, risk-induced activation in the insula negatively correlated with participants' risk-taking propensity during RW, while no such correlations were observed after TSD. These findings suggest that sleep loss may impact risky decision-making by attenuating neural responses to decision outcomes and impairing brain-behavior associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute of mental health research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ya Chai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yao Deng
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joy Rao
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bowen Guo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - David F Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Functional Neuroimaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Abstract
The restorative function of sleep is shaped by its duration, timing, continuity, subjective quality, and efficiency. Current sleep recommendations specify only nocturnal duration and have been largely derived from sleep self-reports that can be imprecise and miss relevant details. Sleep duration, preferred timing, and ability to withstand sleep deprivation are heritable traits whose expression may change with age and affect the optimal sleep prescription for an individual. Prevailing societal norms and circumstances related to work and relationships interact to influence sleep opportunity and quality. The value of allocating time for sleep is revealed by the impact of its restriction on behavior, functional brain imaging, sleep macrostructure, and late-life cognition. Augmentation of sleep slow oscillations and spindles have been proposed for enhancing sleep quality, but they inconsistently achieve their goal. Crafting bespoke sleep recommendations could benefit from large-scale, longitudinal collection of objective sleep data integrated with behavioral and self-reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ,
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5
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Wie gefährlich ist Schlafmangel? Die Auswirkungen von Schlafmangel auf das Entscheidungsverhalten. SOMNOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-022-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Philbrook LE, Simmons EJ. Sleepiness Moderates the Associations between Personality and Financial Risk Tolerance and Spending Habits among College Students. Behav Sleep Med 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36495083 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2154212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality and sleep characteristics are related to financial attitudes and behaviors. However, to our knowledge no study has examined how personality and sleep may be conjointly associated with these financial outcomes. The present study examined sleepiness as a moderator of the associations between college students' personality traits and financial risk tolerance and spending habits. METHODS Undergraduates (N = 177, 77% women, 78% White) self-reported their personality traits and sleepiness using well-established questionnaires. Financial attitudes and behaviors were assessed via students' self-reported responses to a set of scenarios assessing risk tolerance as well as their spending habits over the prior two weeks. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses were run. Across five significant two-way interactions, high levels of sleepiness exacerbated risk for greater financial risk tolerance and higher spending among those characterized by high open-mindedness and low neuroticism, whereas low sleepiness increased protection for lower risk tolerance and less spending among those high in agreeableness and conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS Sleepiness may act as both a vulnerability and protective factor in relations between personality and financial attitudes and behaviors. Improvements in sleepiness, which is modifiable via intervention, may have significant implications for individuals' financial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Philbrook
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NewYork, USA
| | - Eric J Simmons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NewYork, USA
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7
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Aborode AT. Sleep-wake disorder: A silent health crisis in USA. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104727. [PMID: 36176380 PMCID: PMC9513085 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Lim JYL, Boardman J, Dyche J, Anderson C, Dickinson DL, Drummond SPA. Sex moderates the effects of total sleep deprivation and sleep restriction on risk preference. Sleep 2022; 45:6603432. [PMID: 35667000 PMCID: PMC9453615 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss has been shown to alter risk preference during decision-making. However, research in this area has largely focussed on the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD), while evidence on the effects of sleep restriction (SR) or the potentially moderating role of sex on risk preference remains scarce and unclear. The present study investigated risky decision-making in 47 healthy young adults who were assigned to either of two counterbalanced protocols: well-rested (WR) and TSD, or WR and SR. Participants were assessed on the Lottery Choice Task (LCT), which requires a series of choices between two risky gambles with varying risk levels. Analyses on the pooled dataset indicated across all sleep conditions, participants were generally more risk-seeking when trying to minimise financial loss (LOSSES) than while trying to maximise financial gain (GAINS). On GAINS trials, female participants were more risk-averse during TSD and SR, whereas male participants remained unchanged. On LOSSES trials, female participants remained unchanged during TSD and SR, whereas male participants became more risk-seeking during TSD. Our findings suggest the relationship between sleep loss and risk preference is moderated by sex, whereby changes in risk preference after TSD or SR differ in men and women depending on whether the decision is framed in terms of gains or losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeryl Y L Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Johanna Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Jeff Dyche
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University , Harrisonburg, VA , USA
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - David L Dickinson
- Department of Economics and CERPA, Appalachian State University , Boone, NC , USA
- Economics Science Institute, Chapman University , Orange, CA , USA
- Institute of Labor Economics , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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9
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Studler M, Gianotti LRR, Koch K, Hausfeld J, Tarokh L, Maric A, Knoch D. Local slow-wave activity over the right prefrontal cortex reveals individual risk preferences. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119086. [PMID: 35283285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, we have to make decisions under varying degrees of risk. Even though previous research has shown that the manipulation of sleep affects risky decision-making, it remains unknown whether individual, temporally stable neural sleep characteristics relate to individual differences in risk preferences. Here, we collected sleep data under normal conditions in fifty-four healthy adults using a portable high-density EEG at participants' home. Whole-brain corrected for multiple testing, we found that lower slow-wave activity (SWA, an indicator of sleep depth) in a cluster of electrodes over the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with higher individual risk propensity. Importantly, the association between local sleep depth and risk preferences remained significant when controlling for total sleep time and for time spent in deep sleep, i.e., sleep stages N2 and N3. Moreover, the association between risk preferences and SWA over the right PFC was very similar in all sleep cycles. Because the right PFC plays a central role in cognitive control functions, we speculate that local sleep depth in this area, as reflected by SWA, might serve as a dispositional indicator of self-regulatory ability, which in turn reflects risk preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Studler
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Lorena R R Gianotti
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina Koch
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hausfeld
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland; CREED and Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, Roeterstraat 11, Amsterdam 1018WB , Netherlands
| | - Leila Tarokh
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern 3000, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern 3000, Switzerland
| | - Angelina Maric
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zürich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Daria Knoch
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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10
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Schoch SF, Castro-Mejía JL, Krych L, Leng B, Kot W, Kohler M, Huber R, Rogler G, Biedermann L, Walser JC, Nielsen DS, Kurth S. From Alpha Diversity to Zzz: Interactions among sleep, the brain, and gut microbiota in the first year of life. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 209:102208. [PMID: 34923049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders have been linked to alterations of gut microbiota composition in adult humans and animal models, but it is unclear how this link develops. With longitudinal assessments in 162 healthy infants, we present a so far unrecognized sleep-brain-gut interrelationship. First, we report a link between sleep habits and gut microbiota: daytime sleep is associated with bacterial diversity, and nighttime sleep fragmentation and variability link with bacterial maturity and enterotype. Second, we demonstrate a sleep-brain-gut link: bacterial diversity and enterotype are associated with sleep neurophysiology. Third, we show that the sleep-brain-gut link is relevant in development: sleep habits and bacterial markers predict behavioral-developmental outcomes. Our results demonstrate the dynamic interplay between sleep, gut microbiota, and the maturation of brain and behavior during infancy, which aligns with the lately emerging concept of a sleep-brain-gut axis. Importantly, sleep and gut microbiota represent promising health targets since both can be modified non-invasively. As many adult diseases root in early childhood, leveraging protective factors of adequate sleep and age-appropriate gut microbiota in infancy could constitute a health promoting factor across the entire human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Schoch
- Department of PulmonOlogy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - L Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Leng
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kohler
- Department of PulmonOlogy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Huber
- Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Biedermann
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J C Walser
- Genetic Diversity Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Kurth
- Department of PulmonOlogy, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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11
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Gillett G, Watson G, Saunders KE, McGowan NM. Sleep and circadian rhythm actigraphy measures, mood instability and impulsivity: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:66-79. [PMID: 34601378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The normal spectrum trait measures of mood instability and impulsivity are implicated in and comprise core symptoms of several psychiatric disorders. A bidirectional relationship between these traits and sleep disturbance and circadian rhythm dysfunction has been hypothesised, although has not been systematically assessed using objective measures in naturalistic settings. We systematically reviewed the literature following PRISMA guidelines, according to a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD 42018108213). Peer-reviewed quantitative studies assessing an association between actigraphic variables and any measure of mood instability or impulsivity in participants aged 12-65 years old were included. Studies were critically appraised using the AXIS tool. Twenty-three articles were retained for inclusion. There was significant heterogeneity in the selection and reporting of actigraphic variables and metrics of mood instability and impulsivity. We identified emerging evidence of a positive association between circadian rest-activity pattern disturbance and delayed sleep timing with both mood instability and impulsivity. Evidence for an association with sleep duration, sleep efficiency or sleep quality was inconsistent. Future research should focus on longitudinal intra-individual associations to establish the directionality between these measures and may lead to the development of chronotherapeutic interventions for a number of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gillett
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth Watson
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Ea Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Niall M McGowan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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12
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Gerhardsson A, Porada DK, Lundström JN, Axelsson J, Schwarz J. Does insufficient sleep affect how you learn from reward or punishment? Reinforcement learning after 2 nights of sleep restriction. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13236. [PMID: 33219629 PMCID: PMC8365707 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To learn from feedback (trial and error) is essential for all species. Insufficient sleep has been found to reduce the sensitivity to feedback as well as increase reward sensitivity. To determine whether insufficient sleep alters learning from positive and negative feedback, healthy participants (n = 32, mean age 29.0 years, 18 women) were tested once after normal sleep (8 hr time in bed for 2 nights) and once after 2 nights of sleep restriction (4 hr/night) on a probabilistic selection task where learning behaviour was evaluated in three ways: as generalised learning, short-term win-stay/lose-shift learning strategies, and trial-by-trial learning rate. Sleep restriction did not alter the sensitivity to either positive or negative feedback on generalised learning. Also, short-term win-stay/lose-shift strategies were not affected by sleep restriction. Similarly, results from computational models that assess the trial-by-trial update of stimuli value demonstrated no difference between sleep conditions after the first block. However, a slower learning rate from negative feedback when evaluating all learning blocks was found after sleep restriction. Despite a marked increase in sleepiness and slowed learning rate for negative feedback, sleep restriction did not appear to alter strategies and generalisation of learning from positive or negative feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gerhardsson
- Department of PsychologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of PsychologyStress Research InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Danja K. Porada
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Johan N. Lundström
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Monell Chemical Senses CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Stockholm University Brain Imaging CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of PsychologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of PsychologyStress Research InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Johanna Schwarz
- Department of PsychologyStress Research InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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13
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Coffee effectively attenuates impaired attention in ADORA2A C/C-allele carriers during chronic sleep restriction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110232. [PMID: 33373678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many people consume coffee to attenuate increased sleepiness and impaired vigilance and attention due to insufficient sleep. We investigated in genetically caffeine sensitive men and women whether 'real world' coffee consumption during a simulated busy work week counteracts disabling consequences of chronically restricted sleep. We subjected homozygous C-allele carriers of ADORA2A (gene encoding adenosine A2A receptors) to five nights of only 5 h time-in-bed. We administered regular coffee (n = 12; 200 mg caffeine at breakfast and 100 mg caffeine after lunch) and decaffeinated coffee (n = 14) in double-blind fashion on all days following sleep restriction. At regular intervals four times each day, participants rated their sleepiness and performed the psychomotor vigilance test, the visual search task, and the visuo-spatial and letter n-back tasks. At bedtime, we quantified caffeine and the major caffeine metabolites paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline in saliva. The two groups did not differ in age, body-mass-index, sex-ratio, chronotype and mood states. Subjective sleepiness increased in both groups across consecutive sleep restriction days and did not differ. By contrast, regular coffee counteracted the impact of repeated sleep loss on sustained and selective attention, as well as executive control when compared to decaffeinated coffee. The coffee also induced initial or transient benefits on different aspects of baseline performance during insufficient sleep. All differences between the groups disappeared after the recovery night and the cessation of coffee administration. The data suggest that 'real world' coffee consumption can efficiently attenuate sleep restriction-induced impairments in vigilance and attention in genetically caffeine sensitive individuals. German Clinical Trial Registry: # DRSK00014379.
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14
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Li Y, Xiao X, Wang L, Wang Q, Liang R, Zheng C, Yang J, Ming D. Comparison effects of chronic sleep deprivation on juvenile and young adult mice. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13399. [PMID: 34137107 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleeplessness leads to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, affecting both juveniles and young adults. Studies have shown different sleep patterns at different stages of development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the same chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) on behaviours of juveniles and young adults remain elusive. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CSD (6 days, 19 h per day) on anxiety-like behaviour, cognitive performance and molecular alterations in juvenile and young adult mice. Change in body weight suggested impaired physical development in CSD animals, specifically juveniles gaining weight at a lower rate and young adults losing weight. Behavioural performance indicated that CSD had little effect on spatial memory, but induced analogous anxiety-like phenotypes in both juveniles and young adults, as evidenced by no significant difference in the Y-maze experiment (Y-M) or the Morris water maze experiment (MWM), as well as the decreased open-arm distance percentage in the elevated plus maze experiment (EPM). In addition, CSD reduced the N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) levels in juveniles, but these were increased in young adults. In conclusion, our results suggested that although CSD resulted in analogous anxiety-like behaviours in both juvenile and young adult mice, the underlying mechanisms might be different, which was indicated by the opposite change of synaptic proteins under CSD. These findings may help to better understand the important role of sleep and have constructive significance for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Li
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Massar SAA. Sleep loss and risk-taking: new findings in a field that needs more clarity. Sleep 2021; 44:6205721. [PMID: 33835162 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A A Massar
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Sousouri G, Baumann CR, Imbach LL, Huber R, Werth E. Sleep electroencephalographic asymmetry in Parkinson's disease patients before and after deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:857-863. [PMID: 33636602 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unilateral manifestation of motor dysfunction is a prominent hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated how the motor laterality of the disorder affects sleep neural asymmetry before and after Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). METHODS Twenty-seven PD patients of the akinetic-rigid subtype were studied; 11 with right dominant (RD) and 16 with left dominant (LD) motor symptoms. Neuronal sleep asymmetry was computed as the difference of sleep slow-wave energy (SWE) between left and right hemispheres. We used linear mixed models to assess the relationship between symptomatic profile and SWE asymmetry. RESULTS LD PD patients exhibited frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry and motor laterality pre-DBS with increased SWE contralateral to their affected body side, which diminished post-DBS. The RD group did not exhibit neither neural asymmetry nor motor laterality pre- and post-DBS. There was a significant negative correlation between the motor laterality and sleep EEG asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest evidence for a local use-dependent modulation of SWE as a result of the lateralized pathological motor profile. More bilateral motor symptoms and optimized treatment contribute to diminished sleep EEG asymmetry. SIGNIFICANCE These novel findings about the association between symptomatic motor laterality and sleep neural asymmetry may provide targeted therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sousouri
- Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas L Imbach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Werth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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17
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Laniepce A, Lahbairi N, Cabé N, Pitel AL, Rauchs G. Contribution of sleep disturbances to the heterogeneity of cognitive and brain alterations in alcohol use disorder. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 58:101435. [PMID: 33578081 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive and brain alterations are common in alcohol use disorder and vary importantly from one patient to another. Sleep disturbances are also very frequent in these patients and remain largely neglected even though they can persist after drinking cessation. Sleep disturbances may be the consequence of specific brain alterations, resulting in cognitive impairments. But sleep disruption may also exacerbate alcohol-related brain abnormalities and cognitive deficits through common pathophysiological mechanisms. Besides, sleep disturbances seem a vulnerability factor for the development of alcohol use disorder. From a clinical perspective, sleep disturbances are known to affect treatment outcome and to increase the risk of relapse. In this article, we conducted a narrative review to provide a better understanding of the relationships between sleep disturbances, brain and cognition in alcohol use disorder. We suggest that the heterogeneity of brain and cognitive alterations observed in patients with alcohol use disorder could at least partially be explained by associated sleep disturbances. We also believe that sleep disruption could indirectly favor relapse by exacerbating neuropsychological impairments required in psychosocial treatment and for the maintenance of abstinence. Implications for clinical practice as well as perspectives for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laniepce
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université de Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Najlaa Lahbairi
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université de Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Cabé
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université de Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; Service d'Addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pitel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université de Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université de Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France.
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18
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Leenaars CH, Van der Mierden S, Joosten RN, Van der Weide MA, Schirris M, Dematteis M, Meijboom FL, Feenstra MG, Bleich A. Risk-Based Decision Making: A Systematic Scoping Review of Animal Models and a Pilot Study on the Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Rats. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:31-52. [PMID: 33498259 PMCID: PMC7838799 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals, including humans, frequently make decisions involving risk or uncertainty. Different strategies in these decisions can be advantageous depending the circumstances. Short sleep duration seems to be associated with more risky decisions in humans. Animal models for risk-based decision making can increase mechanistic understanding, but very little data is available concerning the effects of sleep. We combined primary- and meta-research to explore the relationship between sleep and risk-based decision making in animals. Our first objective was to create an overview of the available animal models for risky decision making. We performed a systematic scoping review. Our searches in Pubmed and Psychinfo retrieved 712 references, of which 235 were included. Animal models for risk-based decision making have been described for rodents, non-human primates, birds, pigs and honey-bees. We discuss task designs and model validity. Our second objective was to apply this knowledge and perform a pilot study on the effect of sleep deprivation. We trained and tested male Wistar rats on a probability discounting task; a “safe” lever always resulted in 1 reward, a “risky” lever resulted in 4 or no rewards. Rats adapted their preferences to variations in reward probabilities (p < 0.001), but 12 h of sleep deprivation during the light phase did not clearly alter risk preference (p = 0.21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathalijn H.C. Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.V.d.M.); (A.B.)
- Department for Health Evidence (Section HTA), SYRCLE, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Unit Animals in Science and Society, Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3500 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-1368
| | - Stevie Van der Mierden
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.V.d.M.); (A.B.)
- Department for Health Evidence (Section HTA), SYRCLE, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6600 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud N.J.M.A. Joosten
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - Marnix A. Van der Weide
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - Mischa Schirris
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - Maurice Dematteis
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Grenobles Alpes University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University, 38400 Grenoble, France;
| | - Franck L.B. Meijboom
- Unit Animals in Science and Society, Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3500 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Matthijs G.P. Feenstra
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.N.J.M.A.J.); (M.A.V.d.W.); (M.S.); (M.G.P.F.)
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.V.d.M.); (A.B.)
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19
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Gorgoni M, D’Atri A, Scarpelli S, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. The electroencephalographic features of the sleep onset process and their experimental manipulation with sleep deprivation and transcranial electrical stimulation protocols. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:25-37. [PMID: 32343983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Baumann-Vogel H, Hoff S, Valko PO, Poryazova R, Werth E, Baumann CR. Extending sleep to confirm insufficient sleep syndrome is challenging. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13109. [PMID: 32557957 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) is prevalent, but poorly studied. This descriptive study was performed to determine its diagnostic challenges and clinical characteristics in a large (n = 3,461) retrospective sample from a single sleep laboratory. Based on actigraphy, polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests, we diagnosed "suspected insufficient sleep syndrome" in patients with chronic sleepiness, short time in bed, longer sleep duration during weekends or vacation, and without evidence of other causes of sleepiness. For the diagnosis of "definite insufficient sleep syndrome", we additionally required objectively confirmed resolution of sleepiness with actigraphy-documented extension of time in bed. We diagnosed "suspected insufficient sleep syndrome" in 300 subjects. In 94 subjects, extension of sleep time with consecutive relief of sleepiness was attempted, but only 37 subjects succeeded, often despite being offered several attempts. "Definite insufficient sleep syndrome" was confirmed in 36 patients. In these subjects, mean time in bed after sleep extension was above 8 hr per night and 84 min longer than at baseline. Narcolepsy-like findings were frequently observed before sleep extension, but no sleep onset rapid eye movement sleep on polysomnography. This study indicates that fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of ISS is challenging in clinical practice. It further corroborates the importance of actigraphy and polysomnography for correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Baumann-Vogel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Hoff
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp O Valko
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rositsa Poryazova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Werth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Lin Y, Hu P, Mai Z, Jiang T, Mo L, Ma N. Sleep Deprivation Impairs Cooperative Behavior Selectively: Evidence from Prisoner's and Chicken Dilemmas. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:29-37. [PMID: 32021522 PMCID: PMC6980846 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the influences of acute sleep deprivation on cooperation with two classical social dilemmas, the Prisoner's dilemma (PD) and the chicken dilemma (CD). METHODS All participants (N=24) were required to come for the experiments twice; one time for normal sleep condition, the other time for sleep deprivation condition, with a counter-balanced sequence. In the following afternoon, participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and two social dilemmas tasks, as well as the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), the Risk Orientation Questionnaire (ROQ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that sleep deprivation significantly impaired cooperative behaviors in the CD but not in the PD. In addition, this detrimental effect was not related with the alteration in the risk-seeking, objective alertness, subjective sleepiness, and mood. CONCLUSION The current findings revealed that sleep deprivation impairs cooperative behaviors under social dilemmas selectively. However, the underlying mechanism remains to further explore with neuroimaging studies and better ecological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Psychology.,Center for Sleep Research
| | - Zifeng Mai
- School of Psychology.,Center for Sleep Research
| | | | - Lei Mo
- School of Psychology.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Psychology.,Center for Sleep Research.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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22
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D'Ambrosio S, Castelnovo A, Guglielmi O, Nobili L, Sarasso S, Garbarino S. Sleepiness as a Local Phenomenon. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1086. [PMID: 31680822 PMCID: PMC6813205 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep occupies a third of our life and is a primary need for all animal species studied so far. Nonetheless, chronic sleep restriction is a growing source of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Sleep loss is associated with the subjective feeling of sleepiness and with decreased performance, as well as with detrimental effects on general health, cognition, and emotions. The ideas that small brain areas can be asleep while the rest of the brain is awake and that local sleep may account for at least some of the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of sleepiness are making their way into the scientific community. We herein clarify the different ways sleep can intrude into wakefulness, summarize recent scientific advances in the field, and offer some hypotheses that help framing sleepiness as a local phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha D'Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Castelnovo
- Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital (EOC) of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ottavia Guglielmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Sarasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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23
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Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8554. [PMID: 31189964 PMCID: PMC6561965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that sleep deprivation affects risky decision making. However, most of these are confounded by feedback given after each decision, indicating that decisions may be based on suboptimal feedback-learning rather than risk evaluation. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effect of sleep loss on aspects of prospect theory, specifically the framing effect and probability distortion. In this within-subjects design, 25 people had (i) two nights of an 8 h sleep opportunity, and (ii) two nights of a 4 h sleep opportunity, in a counter-balanced order. Following the two nights, they performed a gambling task with no immediate feedback; for each round, they could either gamble for a full amount, or take a settlement framed as a gain or a loss for part of the amount. Sleep restriction did not significantly affect the tendency to gamble, the framing effect, or probability distortion, as compared to normal sleep. These results indicate that two nights of sleep restriction affects neither general gambling tendency, nor two of the main predictions of prospect theory. This resilience may be due to a less extreme sleep loss than in previous studies, but also indicates that learning components and risk biases should be separated when assessing the effect of sleep loss on risky behaviour.
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24
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Petit G, Cebolla AM, Fattinger S, Petieau M, Summerer L, Cheron G, Huber R. Local sleep-like events during wakefulness and their relationship to decreased alertness in astronauts on ISS. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 31069253 PMCID: PMC6497715 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate sleep quantity and quality is required to maintain vigilance, cognitive and learning processes. A decrease of sleep quantity preflight and on the International Space Station (ISS) has been reported. Recent counter-measures have been implemented to better regulate sleep opportunities on ISS. In our study, astronauts were allocated enough time for sleep the night before the recordings. However, for proper sleep recovery, the quality of sleep is also critical. Unfortunately, data on sleep quality have yet to be acquired from the ISS. Here, we investigate sleep pressure markers during wakefulness in five astronauts throughout their 6-month space mission by the mean of electroencephalographic recordings. We show a global increase of theta oscillations (5–7 Hz) on the ISS compared to on Earth before the mission. We also show that local sleep-like events, another marker of sleep pressure, are more global in space (p < 0.001). By analysing the performances of the astronauts during a docking simulation, we found that local sleep-like events are more global when reaction times are slower (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.006) and there is an increase of reaction times above 244 ms after 2 months in space (p = 0.012). Our analyses provide first evidence for increased sleep pressure in space and raise awareness on possible impacts on visuomotor performances in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Petit
- 1Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands.,2Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Maria Cebolla
- 3Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Fattinger
- 2Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- 3Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leopold Summerer
- 1Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Cheron
- 3Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reto Huber
- 2Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.,4Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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A dynamic attentional control framework for understanding sleep deprivation effects on cognition. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 246:111-126. [PMID: 31072558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive effects of sleep loss are often attributed to compromised functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, compromised PFC functioning does not account for well-known effects of sleep deprivation on vigilance. Furthermore, the executive attentional control functions associated with the PFC show considerable variability in the effects of sleep deprivation. Evidence from neuroimaging suggests that sleep deprived people are sometimes able to maintain performance on cognitive tasks by increasing PFC activation of task-relevant circuits and by recruiting new circuits not typically involved in a particular cognitive operation. Still, little is known about how such compensatory processes work on a functional level, or what tradeoffs in processing they may entail. We propose a dynamic attentional control framework to bridge the gap between the evidence on sleep deprived neural circuits and cognitive task performance. We review evidence that shows that the pattern of preserved and compromised task performance can be understood in terms of sleep deprivation's influence on frontostriatal circuitry such that the ability to maintain task-relevant information in the focus of attention is relatively spared but the ability to update task-relevant information in response to changing circumstances is more negatively affected. This framework helps account for why some tasks are more affected by SD than others, and why individual differences in the effects of sleep deprivation are task-specific.
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26
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Baumann CR. Clinical Sleep-Wake Disorders I: Focus on Hypersomnias and Movement Disorders During Sleep. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 253:245-259. [PMID: 30341725 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Central disorders of hypersomnolence are characterized by daily periods of irrepressible need to sleep or daytime lapses into sleep, as defined in the current version of the International Criteria of Sleep Disorders. Thus, the unifying symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness which is not caused by any other sleep-wake disorder. Relevant disorders including narcolepsy type 1 and 2, idiopathic hypersomnia, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and insufficient sleep syndrome will be discussed. Other central disorders of hypersomnolence include hypersomnias due to medical or psychiatric disorders or because of medication or substance use.In sleep-related movement disorders, the cardinal symptom consists of simple, often stereotyped movements occurring during sleep. The most frequent disorder in this category of sleep-wake disorders is restless legs syndrome, which is often associated with period limb movements during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Chattu VK, Manzar MD, Kumary S, Burman D, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR. The Global Problem of Insufficient Sleep and Its Serious Public Health Implications. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 7:healthcare7010001. [PMID: 30577441 PMCID: PMC6473877 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Good sleep is necessary for good physical and mental health and a good quality of life. Insufficient sleep is a pervasive and prominent problem in the modern 24-h society. A considerable body of evidence suggests that insufficient sleep causes hosts of adverse medical and mental dysfunctions. An extensive literature search was done in all the major databases for “insufficient sleep” and “public health implications” in this review. Globally, insufficient sleep is prevalent across various age groups, considered to be a public health epidemic that is often unrecognized, under-reported, and that has rather high economic costs. This paper addresses a brief overview on insufficient sleep, causes, and consequences, and how it adds to the existing burden of diseases. Insufficient sleep leads to the derailment of body systems, leading to increased incidences of cardiovascular morbidity, increased chances of diabetes mellitus, obesity, derailment of cognitive functions, vehicular accidents, and increased accidents at workplaces. The increased usage of smart phones and electronic devices is worsening the epidemic. Adolescents with insufficient sleep are likely to be overweight and may suffer from depressive symptoms. The paper concludes by emphasizing sleep quality assessments as an important early risk indicator, thereby reducing the incidence of a wide spectrum of morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soosanna Kumary
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Deepa Burman
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Fasula C, Marchal A, Krebs H, Moser C, Genre-Grandpierre R, Bobbia X, de La Coussaye JE, Claret PG. Le syndrome postgarde de nuit chez les médecins urgentistes : caractéristiques et facteurs influençants. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/afmu-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction : Les urgentistes connaissent une privation de sommeil en lendemain de garde. Beaucoup ont des perceptions ou des comportements inhabituels que nous appelons syndrome post-garde de nuit (PGN). L’objectif principal était de caractériser le syndrome PGN des urgentistes. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’établir une note évaluant le syndrome PGN et de déterminer les facteurs influençant ce syndrome PGN.
Méthode : Étude prospective de cohorte, observationnelle, multicentrique, auprès des urgentistes du Gard et de l’Hérault entre janvier et juin 2017. Deux questionnaires informatiques anonymes étaient diffusés aux structures d’urgences du Gard et de l’Hérault. En journée normale, hors sortie de garde, un questionnaire colligeait les symptômes ressentis habituellement en lendemain de garde, à coter entre 0 et 10. En sortie de garde, un autre questionnaire s’intéressait au ressenti de la garde réalisée et aux caractéristiques de cette garde. Les médecins étaient encouragés à répondre aux deux questionnaires.
Résultats : Cent treize médecins (45 %) ont répondu, 67 (59 %) à distance d’une garde et 46 (41 %) en post-garde immédiat. Le syndrome PGN comprend des symptômes somatiques (échelle visuelle analogique (EVA) = 5 [2–8]), comportementaux (EVA = 7 [3–8]), liés à l’humeur (EVA = 7[5–8]) et psychiques (EVA = 6 [4–8]). Ces symptômes en post-garde immédiat étaient ressentis de manière moins importante que lorsque décrit à distance (respectivement p = 0,001, p <0,001, p < 0,001, p = 0,002). Les gardes de SMUR (service mobile d’urgence et de réanimation) et de traumatologie étaient associées à un syndrome PGN moins marqué (respectivement p =0,035 et p = 0,02) que les gardes des filières médico-chirurgicales.
Conclusion : Il s’agit de la première évaluation du syndrome PGN chez les urgentistes français. Les symptômes en sont moins importants en post-garde immédiat. Les gardes de traumatologie et de SMUR semblent mieux tolérées.
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