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Elyoseph Z, Geisinger D, Zaltzman R, Mintz M, Gordon CR. Horizontal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Deficit as a Biomarker for Clinical Disease Onset, Severity, and Progression of Machado-Joseph Disease. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1273-1279. [PMID: 36977930 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Because of the crucial importance of finding a useful biomarker for further clinical trials in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), and based on our previous studies, we aimed to evaluate whether the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain could be a reliable neurophysiological biomarker for the clinical onset, severity, and progression of the disease. Thirty-five MJD patients, 11 pre-symptomatic genetically confirmed MJD subjects, and 20 healthy controls underwent a detailed epidemiological and clinical neurological examination including the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Their VOR gain was measured using the video Head Impulse Test system. Twenty of the MJD patients were re-tested after a period of 1-3 years. Horizontal VOR gain was abnormal in 92% of MJD, 54% pre-symptomatic, and 0% healthy controls. Horizontal VOR gain in the MJD group was significantly negatively correlated with SARA score in the first (r=0.66, p<0.001) and second (r=0.61, p<0.001) examinations. There was also a significant negative correlation between the percentage of change in horizontal VOR gain and the percentage of change in SARA score across both examinations (r=-0.54, p < 0.05). A regression model of the SARA score with the horizontal VOR gain and disease duration as predictors demonstrated that both the horizontal VOR gain and the disease duration had an independent contribution to the prediction of the SARA score. The horizontal VOR gain seems to be a reliable biomarker for the clinical onset, severity, and progression of MJD and could be used in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Elyoseph
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Psychobiological Research, Department of Psychology and Educational Counseling, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roy Zaltzman
- Department of Neurology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Matti Mintz
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carlos R Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Neurology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Zenge C, Ordureau A. Ubiquitin system mutations in neurological diseases. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00154-3. [PMID: 38972780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ubiquitin balance impacts the fate of countless cellular proteins, and its disruption is associated with various neurological disorders. The ubiquitin system is critical for proper neuronal cell state transitions and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins that threaten cellular integrity. This article reviews the state of and recent advancements in our understanding of the disruptions to components of the ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ligases and deubiquitylases, in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Specific focus is on enzymes with recent progress in their characterization, including identifying enzyme-substrate pairs, the use of stem cell and animal models, and the development of therapeutics for ubiquitin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Zenge
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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3
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Selvadurai LP, Perlman SL, Wilmot GR, Subramony SH, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Paulson HL, Onyike CU, Rosenthal LS, Sair HI, Kuo SH, Ratai EM, Zesiewicz TA, Bushara KO, Öz G, Dietiker C, Geschwind MD, Nelson AB, Opal P, Yacoubian TA, Nopoulos PC, Shakkottai VG, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Morrison PE, Schmahmann JD. The S-Factor, a New Measure of Disease Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Findings and Implications. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:790-809. [PMID: 35962273 PMCID: PMC10363993 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders, but there is no metric that predicts disease severity over time. We hypothesized that by developing a new metric, the Severity Factor (S-Factor) using immutable disease parameters, it would be possible to capture disease severity independent of clinical rating scales. Extracting data from the CRC-SCA and READISCA natural history studies, we calculated the S-Factor for 438 participants with symptomatic SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6, as follows: ((length of CAG repeat expansion - maximum normal repeat length) /maximum normal repeat length) × (current age - age at disease onset) × 10). Within each SCA type, the S-Factor at the first Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) visit (baseline) was correlated against scores on SARA and other motor and cognitive assessments. In 281 participants with longitudinal data, the slope of the S-Factor over time was correlated against slopes of scores on SARA and other motor rating scales. At baseline, the S-Factor showed moderate-to-strong correlations with SARA and other motor rating scales at the group level, but not with cognitive performance. Longitudinally the S-Factor slope showed no consistent association with the slope of performance on motor scales. Approximately 30% of SARA slopes reflected a trend of non-progression in motor symptoms. The S-Factor is an observer-independent metric of disease burden in SCAs. It may be useful at the group level to compare cohorts at baseline in clinical studies. Derivation and examination of the S-factor highlighted challenges in the use of clinical rating scales in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa P Selvadurai
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George R Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sub H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haris I Sair
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cameron Dietiker
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Peter E Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Gamage HKAH, Robinson KJ, Luu L, Paulsen IT, Laird AS. Machado Joseph disease severity is linked with gut microbiota alterations in transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106051. [PMID: 36822548 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the presence of bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and gut microbiota that may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential role of gut microbes in forms of spinocerebellar ataxia, such as the fatal neurodegenerative disease Machado Joseph disease (MJD), remains unexplored. Here, we examined whether gut microbiota alterations may be an early disease phenotype of MJD. We profiled the gut microbiota of male and female transgenic MJD mice (CMVMJD135) expressing human ATXN3 with expanded CAG repeats (133-143 CAG) at pre-symptomatic, symptomatic and well-established stages of the disease (7, 11 and 15 weeks of age, respectively). We compared these profiles with the gut microbiota of male and female wild-type (WT) littermate control mice at same ages. Correlation network analyses were employed to explore the relevance of microbiota changes to disease progression. The results demontrated distinct sex-dependent effects in disease development whereby male MJD mice displayed earlier motor impairments than female MJD mice. The gut microbiota community structure and composition also demonstrated sex-specific differences between MJD and WT mice. In both male and female MJD mice, the shifts in the microbiota were present by 7 weeks, before the onset of any symptoms. These pre-symptomatic microbial changes correlated with the severity of neurological impairments present at later stages of the disease. Previous efforts towards developing treatments for MJD have failed to yield meaningful outcomes. Our study reports a novel relationship between the gut microbiota and MJD development and severity. Elucidating how gut microbes are involved in MJD pathogenesis may offer new and efficacious treatment strategies for this currently untreatable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinika K A H Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Katherine J Robinson
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luan Luu
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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5
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Deep brain stimulation for patients with dystonia in Machado-Joseph disease: three case reports. J Neurol 2023; 270:3261-3265. [PMID: 36862147 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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6
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Piasecki P, Wiatr K, Ruszkowski M, Marczak Ł, Trottier Y, Figiel M. Impaired interactions of ataxin-3 with protein complexes reveals their specific structure and functions in SCA3 Ki150 model. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1122308. [PMID: 37033372 PMCID: PMC10080164 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3/MJD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by CAG expansion in mutant ATXN3 gene. The resulting PolyQ tract in mutant ataxin-3 protein is toxic to neurons and currently no effective treatment exists. Function of both normal and mutant ataxin-3 is pleiotropic by their interactions and the influence on protein level. Our new preclinical Ki150 model with over 150 CAG/Q in ataxin-3 has robust aggregates indicating the presence of a process that enhances the interaction between proteins. Interactions in large complexes may resemble the real-life inclusion interactions and was never examined before for mutant and normal ataxin-3 and in homozygous mouse model with long polyQ tract. We fractionated ataxin-3-positive large complexes and independently we pulled-down ataxin-3 from brain lysates, and both were followed by proteomics. Among others, mutant ataxin-3 abnormally interacted with subunits of large complexes such as Cct5 and 6, Tcp1, and Camk2a and Camk2b. Surprisingly, the complexes exhibit circular molecular structure which may be linked to the process of aggregates formation where annular aggregates are intermediate stage to fibrils which may indicate novel ataxin-3 mode of interactions. The protein complexes were involved in transport of mitochondria in axons which was confirmed by altered motility of mitochondria along SCA3 Ki150 neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piasecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kalina Wiatr
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Milosz Ruszkowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Yvon Trottier
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maciej Figiel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maciej Figiel,
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7
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de Oliveira CM, Leotti VB, Cappelli AH, Rocha AG, Ecco G, Bolzan G, Kersting N, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Progression of Clinical and Eye Movement Markers in Preataxic Carriers of Machado-Joseph Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:26-34. [PMID: 36129443 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about preclinical stages of Machado-Joseph disease, a polyglutamine disorder characterized by progressive adult-onset ataxia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to describe the longitudinal progression of clinical and oculomotor variables in the preataxic phase of disease. METHODS Carriers and noncarriers were assessed at three visits. Preataxic carriers (Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score < 3) expected to start ataxia in ≤4 years were considered near onset (PAN). Progressions of ataxic and preataxic carriers, considering status at the end of the study, were described according to the start (or its prediction) of gait ataxia (TimeToAfterOnset) and according to the study time. RESULTS A total of 35 ataxics, 38 preataxics, and 22 noncarriers were included. The "TimeToAfterOnset" timeline showed that Neurological Examination Scale for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (NESSCA; effect size, 0.09), Inventory of Non-Ataxia Symptoms (INAS0.07), and the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (0.12) progressed in preataxic carriers, and that most slopes accelerate in PAN, turning similar to those of ataxics. In the study time, NESSCA (1.36) and vertical pursuit gain (1.17) significantly worsened in PAN, and 6 of 11 PANs converted to ataxia. For a clinical trial with 80% power and 2-year duration, 57 PANs are needed in each study arm to detect a 50% reduction in the conversion rate. CONCLUSIONS NESSCA, INAS, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and vertical pursuit gains significantly worsened in the preataxic phase. The "TimeToAfterOnset" timeline unveiled that slopes of most variables are small in preataxics but increase and reach the ataxic slopes from 4 years before the onset of ataxia. For future trials in preataxic carriers, we recommend recruiting PANs and using the conversion rate as the primary outcome. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maria de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Henz Cappelli
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Ecco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bolzan
- Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Kersting
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria-Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centros de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Peng Y, Peng L, Chen Z, Peng H, Wang P, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Hou X, Long Z, Yuan H, Wan N, Wan L, Xu K, Lei L, Wang S, He L, Xie Y, Gong Y, Deng Q, Zou G, Tang Z, Shen L, Xia K, Qiu R, Klockgether T, Tang B, Jiang H. The Natural History of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 in Mainland China: A 2-Year Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:917126. [PMID: 35865750 PMCID: PMC9294347 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.917126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The natural history of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) has been reported in several populations and shows heterogeneity in progression rate and affecting factors. However, it remains unexplored in the population of Mainland China. This study aimed to identify the disease progression rate and its potential affecting factors in patients with SCA3 in Mainland China. Participants and Methods We enrolled patients with genetically confirmed SCA3 in Mainland China. Patients were seen at three visits, i.e., baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. The primary outcome was the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and the secondary outcomes were the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS) as well as the SCA Functional Index (SCAFI). Results Between 1 October 2015, and 30 September 2016, we enrolled 263 patients with SCA3. We analyzed 247 patients with at least one follow-up visit. The annual progression rate of SARA was 1.49 points per year (SE 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–1.65, p < 0.0001). The annual progression rates of INAS and SCAFI were 0.56 points per year (SE 0.05, 95% CI 0.47–0.66, p < 0.001) and −0.30 points per year (SE 0.01, 95% CI −0.33∼-0.28, p < 0.001), respectively. Faster progression in SARA was associated with longer length of the expanded allele of ATXN3 (p < 0.0001); faster progression in INAS was associated with lower INAS at baseline (p < 0.0001); faster decline in SCAFI was associated with shorter length of the normal allele of ATXN3 (p = 0.036) and higher SCAFI at baseline (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our results provide quantitative data on the disease progression of patients with SCA3 in Mainland China and its corresponding affecting factors, which could facilitate the sample size calculation and patient stratification in future clinical trials. Trial Registration This study was registered with Chictr.org on 15 September 2015, number ChiCTR-OOC-15007124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangping Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangdong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Jiang,
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9
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Peng L, Peng Y, Chen Z, Wang C, Long Z, Peng H, Shi Y, Shen L, Xia K, Leotti VB, Jardim LB, Tang B, Qiu R, Jiang H. The progression rate of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 varies with disease stage. J Transl Med 2022; 20:226. [PMID: 35568848 PMCID: PMC9107762 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, the identification of modifiers and the construction of prediction model for progression facilitate genetic counseling, clinical management and therapeutic interventions. METHODS Data were derived from the longest longitudinal study, with 642 examinations by International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) from 82 SCA3 participants. Using different time scales of disease duration, we performed multiple different linear, quadratic and piece-wise linear growth models to fit the relationship between ICARS scores and duration. Models comparison was employed to determine the best-fitting model according to goodness-of-fit tests, and the analysis of variance among nested models. RESULTS An acceleration was detected after 13 years of duration: ICARS scores progressed 2.445 (SE: 0.185) points/year before and 3.547 (SE: 0.312) points/year after this deadline. Piece-wise growth model fitted better to studied data than other two types of models. The length of expanded CAG repeat (CAGexp) in ATXN3 gene significantly influenced progression. Age at onset of gait ataxia (AOga), a proxy for aging process, was not an independent modifier but affected the correlation between CAGexp and progression. Additionally, gender had no significant effect on progression rate of ICARS. The piece-wise growth models were determined as the predictive models, and ICARS predictions from related models were available. CONCLUSIONS We first confirmed that ICARS progressed as a nonlinear pattern and varied according to different stages in SCA3. In addition to ATXN3 CAGexp, AOga or aging process regulated the progression by interacting with CAGexp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Vanessa B Leotti
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.
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10
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Chen XY, Lian YH, Liu XH, Sikandar A, Li MC, Xu HL, Hu JP, Chen QL, Gan SR. Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cerebellar Metabolism in Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:827993. [PMID: 35547622 PMCID: PMC9082263 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.827993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common autosomal dominant hereditary ataxia, and, thus far, effective treatment remains low. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve the symptoms of spinal cerebellar ataxia, but the mechanism is unclear; in addition, whether any improvement in the symptoms is related to cerebellar metabolism has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-frequency rTMS on local cerebellar metabolism in patients with SCA3 and the relationship between the improvement in the symptoms and cerebellar metabolism. Methods A double-blind, prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trial was carried out among 18 SCA3 patients. The participants were randomly assigned to the real stimulation group (n = 9) or sham stimulation group (n = 9). Each participant in both the groups underwent 30 min of 1 Hz rTMS stimulation (a total of 900 pulses), differing only in terms of stimulator placement, for 15 consecutive days. To separately compare pre- and post-stimulation data (magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) score) in the real and sham groups, paired-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests were used in the analyses. The differences in the ICARS and MRS data between the two groups were analyzed with independent t-tests and covariance. To explore the association between the changes in the concentration of cerebellar metabolism and ICARS, we applied Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results After 15 days of treatment, the ICARS scores significantly decreased in both the groups, while the decrease was more significant in the real stimulation group compared to the sham stimulation group (p < 0.001). The analysis of covariance further confirmed that the total ICARS scores decreased more dramatically in the real stimulation group after treatment compared to the sham stimulation group (F = 31.239, p < 0.001). The values of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in the cerebellar vermis, bilateral dentate nucleus, and bilateral cerebellar hemisphere increased significantly in the real stimulation group (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the sham stimulation group (p > 0.05). The analysis of covariance also confirmed the greater change in the real stimulation group. This study also demonstrated that there was a negative correlation between NAA/Cr in the right cerebellar hemisphere and ICARS in the real stimulation group (r = − 0.831, p = 0.02). Conclusion The treatment with rTMS over the cerebellum was found to induce changes in the cerebellar local metabolism and microenvironment in the SCA3 patients. The alterations may contribute to the improvement of the symptoms of ataxia in SCA3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Lian
- The School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia-Hua Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Arif Sikandar
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao-Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qun-Lin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qun-Lin Chen,
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Shi-Rui Gan,
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11
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Ding D, Chen Z, Wang C, Tang X, Zhang L, Fang Q, Qiu R, Jiang H. A Variant in Genes of the NPY System as Modifier Factor of Machado-Joseph Disease in the Chinese Population. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:822657. [PMID: 35185528 PMCID: PMC8851415 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.822657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, NPY overexpression has been proposed to alleviate motor deficits and neuropathy in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) mouse models, indicating its neuroprotective role in the pathogenesis of MJD. We aimed to evaluate the association between SNPs in NPY and its receptors and the susceptibility of MJD in the Chinese population. Moreover, we investigated whether these SNPs modulate the age at onset (AO) of MJD. In total, 527 MJD patients and 487 healthy controls were enrolled in the study, and four specific selected SNPs (rs16139, rs3037354, rs2234759, and rs11100494) in NPY and its receptor genes were genotyped. In this study, the genotypic frequency using the dominant model and the allelic distribution of rs11100494 in NPY5R revealed a significant difference between the MJD and control group during the first-stage analysis (P = 0.048 and P = 0.024, respectively). After we expanded the sample size, significant differences were observed between the two groups using the dominant model in genotypic and allelic distribution (P = 0.034, P = 0.046, and P = 0.016, respectively). No significant differences in genotypic and allelic distribution were found between the MJD and control groups for the other three SNPs. All selected SNPs had no significant effect on the AO of MJD. The association of rs11100494 in the NPY5R gene and susceptibility of MJD suggested that the NPY system might be implicated in the pathogenesis of MJD. Our study demonstrated the existence of other genetic modifiers in MJD, along with CAG expansion and known genetic modifier factors, which might lead to a better understanding of MJD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Jiang,
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12
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Li M, Chen X, Xu HL, Huang Z, Chen N, Tu Y, Gan S, Hu J. Brain structural abnormalities in the preclinical stage of Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3): evaluation by MRI morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. J Neurol 2021; 269:2989-2998. [PMID: 34783886 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) could provide the added value for detecting brain microstructural alterations in the preclinical stage of Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (MJD/SCA3) compared with MRI morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). METHODS Twenty preclinical MJD/SCA3 patients and 21 healthy controls were enrolled. Three b values DWI and 3D T1-weighted images were acquired at 3.0 T. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was used to investigate the white matter (WM) alterations in the DTI metrics and NODDI metrics. Gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS) approach was used to investigate the grey matter (GM) alterations in the NODDI metrics. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach was performed on the 3D T1-weighted images. The relationship between the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat length and brain microstructural alterations of preclinical MJD/SCA3 was identified. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the preclinical MJD/SCA3 patients showed decreased FA and NDI as well as increased MD, AD, and RD in the WM of cerebellum and brainstem (corrected P < 0.05), and decreased NDI in the GM of cerebellar vermis (corrected P < 0.05). The CAG repeat length in preclinical MJD/SCA3 patients was negatively correlated with the reduced FA and NDI of the infratentorial WM and the reduced NDI of the cerebellum, and positively with the increased MD and RD of the infratentorial WM. CONCLUSIONS NOODI can provide novel quantitative microstructural changes in MJD/SCA3 carriers, expanding our understanding of the gray and white matter (axons and dendrites) degeneration in this frequent ataxia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Naping Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 ChaZhong Rd, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ingannato A, Bagnoli S, Mazzeo S, Bessi V, Matà S, Del Mastio M, Lombardi G, Ferrari C, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Neurofilament Light Chain and Intermediate HTT Alleles as Combined Biomarkers in Italian ALS Patients. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695049. [PMID: 34539331 PMCID: PMC8446383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the possible implication of the two biomarkers, intermediate alleles (IAs) of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in plasma, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods We analyzed IAs in a cohort of 106 Italian ALS patients and measured the plasma NfL levels in 20% of the patients of the cohort. We correlated the two biomarkers with clinical phenotypes. Results Intermediate alleles were present in 7.5% of the patients of our cohort, a frequency higher than that reported in general population. Plasma NfL levels increased with age at onset (p < 0.05). Patients with bulbar onset (BO) had higher plasma NfL concentration (CI −0.61 to −0.06, p = 0.02) and a later age at onset of the disease (CI −24.78 to −4.93, p = 0.006) with respect to the spinal onset (SO) form. Additionally, two of the patients, with IAs and plasma NfL concentration lower with respect to normal alleles’ carriers, presented an age at onset higher than the mean of the entire cohort. Conclusion According to our findings, plasma NfL and IAs of HTT gene may represent potential biomarkers in ALS, providing evidence of a possible implication in clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bessi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Matà
- SOD Neurologia 1, Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e Degli Organi di Senso, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Del Mastio
- SOD Neurologia 1, Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e Degli Organi di Senso, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Ferrari
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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14
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Peng L, Wang S, Chen Z, Peng Y, Wang C, Long Z, Peng H, Shi Y, Hou X, Lei L, Wan L, Liu M, Zou G, Shen L, Xia K, Qiu R, Tang B, Ashizawa T, Klockgether T, Jiang H. Blood Neurofilament Light Chain in Genetic Ataxia: A Meta-Analysis. Mov Disord 2021; 37:171-181. [PMID: 34519102 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No comprehensive meta-analysis has ever been performed to assess the value of neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker in genetic ataxia. OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize NfL concentration and evaluate its utility as a biomarker in genetic ataxia. METHODS Studies were included if they reported NfL concentration of genetic ataxia. We used log (mean ± SD) NfL to describe mean raw value of NfL. The effect size of NfL between genetic ataxia and healthy controls (HC) was expressed by mean difference. Correlation between NfL and disease severity was calculated. RESULTS We identified 11 studies of 624 HC and 1006 patients, here referred to as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1, 2, 3, 6, and 7), Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), and ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). The concentration of blood NfL (bNfL) elevated with proximity to expected onset, and progressively increased from asymptomatic to preclinical to clinical stage in SCA3. Compared with HC, bNfL levels were significantly higher in SCA1, 2, 3, and 7, FRDA, as well as A-T, and the difference increased with the advancing disease in SCA3. bNfL levels correlated with disease severity in SCA3. There was a significant correlation between bNfL and longitudinal progression in SCA3. Additionally, bNfL increased with age in HC, yet this is probably masked by higher disease-related effects on bNfL in genetic ataxia. CONCLUSIONS bNfL can be used as a potential biomarker to predict disease onset, severity, and progression of genetic ataxia. Reference-value setting of bNfL should be divided according to age. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangdong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Neuroscience Research Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine at Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Hübener-Schmid J, Kuhlbrodt K, Peladan J, Faber J, Santana MM, Hengel H, Jacobi H, Reetz K, Garcia-Moreno H, Raposo M, van Gaalen J, Infante J, Steiner KM, de Vries J, Verbeek MM, Giunti P, Pereira de Almeida L, Lima M, van de Warrenburg B, Schöls L, Klockgether T, Synofzik M, Riess O. Polyglutamine-Expanded Ataxin-3: A Target Engagement Marker for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 in Peripheral Blood. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2675-2681. [PMID: 34397117 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 gene. Although no curative therapy is yet available, preclinical gene-silencing approaches to reduce polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity demonstrate promising results. In view of upcoming clinical trials, quantitative and easily accessible molecular markers are of critical importance as pharmacodynamic and particularly as target engagement markers. OBJECTIVE We aimed at developing an ultrasensitive immunoassay to measure specifically polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Using the novel single molecule counting ataxin-3 immunoassay, we analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal patient biomaterials. RESULTS Statistical analyses revealed a correlation with clinical parameters and a stability of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 during conversion from the pre-ataxic to the ataxic phases. CONCLUSIONS The novel immunoassay is able to quantify polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 in plasma and CSF, whereas ataxin-3 levels in plasma correlate with disease severity. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated a high stability of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 over a short period. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Hübener-Schmid
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jennifer Faber
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magda M Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Ataxia Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal & Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Judith van Gaalen
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria (UC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
| | - Katharina M Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeroen de Vries
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Giunti
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Ataxia Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurogenetics, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal & Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Siddique U, Choudhury S, Chatterjee K, Rahman S, Bhansali S, Mondal B, Basu P, Kumar H. A longitudinal quantitative analysis of gait in patients with SCA-12. Clin Park Relat Disord 2021; 5:100102. [PMID: 34988426 PMCID: PMC8710409 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA 12) is characterized by late onset tremor, ataxia and pyramidal signs. Parkinsonism and cognitive decline may appear with time. It is considered as slowly progressive but temporal evolution of symptoms has not been reported. METHOD We report the evolution of symptoms in three SCA12 patients followed over a range of 5-6 years. We focused on the evolution of gait abnormality as it becomes the most disabling symptom as disease advances. Two-dimensional gait parameters were studied using an electronic walkway at various time points to measure objective changes in gait. RESULT All patients presented with tremor in the upper extremity at baseline which progressed non-uniformly over the years. Progression of gait variability measures of step length, stance time and step time were also observed. CONCLUSION Gait characteristics such as variability may precede clinical gait abnormality and could serve as a sensitive marker for disease progression for better therapeutic intervention in disease management. Future studies with larger sample size should be undertaken to conclusively validate this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummatul Siddique
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Simin Rahman
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, India
| | - Sakhi Bhansali
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, India
| | - Banashree Mondal
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, India
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, India
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17
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Raj K, Akundi RS. Mutant Ataxin-3-Containing Aggregates (MATAGGs) in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: Dynamics of the Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3095-3118. [PMID: 33629274 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common type of SCA worldwide caused by abnormal polyglutamine expansion in the coding region of the ataxin-3 gene. Ataxin-3 is a multi-faceted protein involved in various cellular processes such as deubiquitination, cytoskeletal organisation, and transcriptional regulation. The presence of an expanded poly(Q) stretch leads to altered processing and misfolding of the protein culminating in the production of insoluble protein aggregates in the cell. Various post-translational modifications affect ataxin-3 fibrillation and aggregation. This review provides an exhaustive assessment of the various pathogenic mechanisms undertaken by the mutant ataxin-3-containing aggregates (MATAGGs) for disease induction and neurodegeneration. This includes in-depth discussion on MATAGG dynamics including their formation, role in neuronal pathogenesis, and the debate over the toxic v/s protective nature of the MATAGGs in disease progression. Additionally, the currently available therapeutic strategies against SCA3 have been reviewed. The shift in the focus of such strategies, from targeting the steps that lead to or reduce aggregate formation to targeting the expression of mutant ataxin-3 itself via RNA-based therapeutics, has also been presented. We also discuss the intriguing promise that various growth and neurotrophic factors, especially the insulin pathway, hold in the modulation of SCA3 progression. These emerging areas show the newer directions through which SCA3 can be targeted including various preclinical and clinical trials. All these advances made in the last three decades since the discovery of the ataxin-3 gene have been critically reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Raj
- Neuroinflammation Research Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Akundi
- Neuroinflammation Research Lab, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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18
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Lee JH, Lin SY, Liu JW, Lin SZ, Harn HJ, Chiou TW. n-Butylidenephthalide Modulates Autophagy to Ameliorate Neuropathological Progress of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 through mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6339. [PMID: 34199295 PMCID: PMC8231882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), a hereditary and lethal neurodegenerative disease, is attributed to the abnormal accumulation of undegradable polyglutamine (polyQ), which is encoded by mutated ataxin-3 gene (ATXN3). The toxic fragments processed from mutant ATXN3 can induce neuronal death, leading to the muscular incoordination of the human body. Some treatment strategies of SCA3 are preferentially focused on depleting the abnormal aggregates, which led to the discovery of small molecule n-butylidenephthalide (n-BP). n-BP-promoted autophagy protected the loss of Purkinje cell in the cerebellum that regulates the network associated with motor functions. We report that the n-BP treatment may be effective in treating SCA3 disease. n-BP treatment led to the depletion of mutant ATXN3 with the expanded polyQ chain and the toxic fragments resulting in increased metabolic activity and alleviated atrophy of SCA3 murine cerebellum. Furthermore, n-BP treated animal and HEK-293GFP-ATXN3-84Q cell models could consistently show the depletion of aggregates through mTOR inhibition. With its unique mechanism, the two autophagic inhibitors Bafilomycin A1 and wortmannin could halt the n-BP-induced elimination of aggregates. Collectively, n-BP shows promising results for the treatment of SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hao Lee
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.)
- Department of Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97447, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yin Lin
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.)
- Department of Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97447, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Liu
- Everfront Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (S.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.)
- Department of Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97447, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science, Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97447, Taiwan
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