1
|
Flores-Mendez M, Ohl L, Roule T, Zhou Y, Tintos-Hernández JA, Walsh K, Ortiz-González XR, Akizu N. IMPDH2 filaments protect from neurodegeneration in AMPD2 deficiency. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00218-2. [PMID: 39075237 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is one of the most common causes of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. However, how the disruption of ubiquitous and essential metabolic pathways predominantly affect neural tissue remains unclear. Here we use mouse models of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder caused by AMPD2 deficiency to study cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to selective neuronal vulnerability to purine metabolism imbalance. We show that mouse models of AMPD2 deficiency exhibit predominant degeneration of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, despite a general reduction of brain GTP levels. Neurodegeneration-resistant regions accumulate micron-sized filaments of IMPDH2, the rate limiting enzyme in GTP synthesis, while these filaments are barely detectable in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Furthermore, we show that IMPDH2 filament disassembly reduces GTP levels and impairs growth of neural progenitor cells derived from individuals with human AMPD2 deficiency. Together, our findings suggest that IMPDH2 polymerization prevents detrimental GTP deprivation, opening the possibility of exploring the induction of IMPDH2 assembly as a therapy for neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Flores-Mendez
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Ohl
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Roule
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesus A Tintos-Hernández
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey Walsh
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Flores-Mendez M, Ohl L, Roule T, Zhou Y, Tintos-Hernández JA, Walsh K, Ortiz-González XR, Akizu N. IMPDH2 filaments protect from neurodegeneration in AMPD2 deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576443. [PMID: 38328116 PMCID: PMC10849482 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is one of the most common causes of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. However, how the disruption of ubiquitous and essential metabolic pathways predominantly affect neural tissue remains unclear. Here we use mouse models of AMPD2 deficiency to study cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to selective neuronal vulnerability to purine metabolism imbalance. We show that AMPD deficiency in mice primarily leads to hippocampal dentate gyrus degeneration despite causing a generalized reduction of brain GTP levels. Remarkably, we found that neurodegeneration resistant regions accumulate micron sized filaments of IMPDH2, the rate limiting enzyme in GTP synthesis. In contrast, IMPDH2 filaments are barely detectable in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which shows a progressive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, using a human AMPD2 deficient neural cell culture model, we show that blocking IMPDH2 polymerization with a dominant negative IMPDH2 variant, impairs AMPD2 deficient neural progenitor growth. Together, our findings suggest that IMPDH2 polymerization prevents detrimental GTP deprivation in neurons with available GTP precursor molecules, providing resistance to neurodegeneration. Our findings open the possibility of exploring the involvement of IMPDH2 assembly as a therapeutic intervention for neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Flores-Mendez
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Ohl
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Roule
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesus A Tintos-Hernández
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Kelsey Walsh
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xilma R Ortiz-González
- Division of Neurology and Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee A, Knox R, Reynolds M, McRoy E, Nguyen H. S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide riboside therapy in Arts syndrome: A case report and literature review. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:417-423. [PMID: 37927483 PMCID: PMC10623096 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospho-ribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) deficiency is secondary to loss of function variants in PRPS1. This enzyme generates phospho-ribosyl-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is utilized in the synthesis of purines, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and NAD phosphate (NADP), among other metabolic pathways. Arts syndrome, or severe PRPS1 deficiency, is an X-linked condition characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, developmental delays, ataxia, hypotonia, and recurrent infections that can cause progressive clinical decline, often resulting in death before 5 years of age. Supplementation of the purine and NAD pathways outside of PRPP-dependent reactions is a logical approach and has been reported in a handful of patients, two with S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and one with SAMe and nicotinamide riboside (NR). We present the clinical course of a fourth Arts syndrome patient who was started on therapy and review previously reported patients. All patients had stability or improvement of symptoms, suggesting that SAMe and NR can be a treatment option in Arts syndrome, though further studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic MedicineWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Renatta Knox
- Department of Pediatrics and NeurologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Margaret Reynolds
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of OphthalmologyWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Erin McRoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic MedicineWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Hoanh Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic MedicineWashington UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Štajer K, Kovač N, Šikonja J, Mlinarič M, Bertok S, Brecelj J, Debeljak M, Kovač J, Markelj G, Neubauer D, Rus R, Žerjav Tanšek M, Drole Torkar A, Zver A, Battelino T, Jiménez Torres R, Grošelj U. Clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient with phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 deficiency and a systematic literature review. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 36:100986. [PMID: 37670898 PMCID: PMC10475845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-I) is an enzyme involved in nucleotide metabolism. Pathogenic variants in the PRPS1 are rare and PRS-I deficiency can manifest as three clinical syndromes: X-linked non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2), X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 5 (CMTX5) and Arts syndrome. We present a Slovenian patient with PRS-I enzyme deficiency due to a novel pathogenic variant - c.424G > A (p.Val142Ile) in the PRPS1 gene, who presented with gross motor impairment, severe sensorineural deafness, balance issues, ataxia, and frequent respiratory infections. In addition, we report the findings of a systemic literature review of all described male cases of Arts syndrome and CMTX5 as well as intermediate phenotypes. As already proposed by other authors, our results confirm PRS-I deficiency should be viewed as a phenotypic continuum rather than three separate syndromes because there are multiple reports of patients with an intermediary clinical presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Štajer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neja Kovač
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Šikonja
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Mlinarič
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Bertok
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Brecelj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- Laboratory of Genetics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Laboratory of Genetics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Markelj
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Neubauer
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurologyx, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rina Rus
- Department of Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Žerjav Tanšek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Drole Torkar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandra Zver
- Unit for Pulmonary Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rosa Jiménez Torres
- La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute (FIBHULP), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Urh Grošelj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu X, Yang H, Lin H, Suo A, Wu S, Xie W, Zhou N, Guo S, Ding H, Zhou G, Qiu Z, Shi H, Yang J, Zheng Y. Characterizing microRNA editing and mutation sites in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1105278. [PMID: 36743290 PMCID: PMC9895120 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose pathogenesis is still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Recent researches show that miRNAs are edited in multiple ways especially in central nervous systems. A-to-I editing of RNA catalyzed by Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) happens intensively in brain and is also noticed in other organs and tissues. Although miRNAs are widely edited in human brain, miRNA editing in ASD is still largely unexplored. In order to reveal the editing events of miRNAs in ASD, we analyzed 131 miRNA-seq samples from 8 different brain regions of ASD patients and normal controls. We identified 834 editing sites with significant editing levels, of which 70 sites showed significantly different editing levels in the superior frontal gyrus samples of ASD patients (ASD-SFG) when compared with those of control samples. The editing level of an A-to-I editing site in hsa-mir-376a-1 (hsa-mir-376a-1_9_A_g) in ASD-SFG is higher than that of normal controls, and the difference is exaggerated in individuals under 10 years. The increased expression of ADAR1 is consistent with the increased editing level of hsa-mir-376a-1_9_A_g in ASD-SFG samples compared to normal SFG samples. Furthermore, we verify that A-to-I edited hsa-mir-376a-5p directly represses GPR85 and NAPB, which may contribute to the abnormal neuronal development of ASD patients. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huaide Yang
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Angbaji Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangchen Zhou
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Criminal Investigation, Yunnan Police College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Yun Zheng ✉
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ugbogu EA, Schweizer LM, Schweizer M. Contribution of Model Organisms to Investigating the Far-Reaching Consequences of PRPP Metabolism on Human Health and Well-Being. Cells 2022; 11:1909. [PMID: 35741038 PMCID: PMC9221600 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRS EC 2.7.6.1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) from ribose-5-phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This key metabolite is required for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the two aromatic amino acids histidine and tryptophan, the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), all of which are essential for various life processes. Despite its ubiquity and essential nature across the plant and animal kingdoms, PRPP synthetase displays species-specific characteristics regarding the number of gene copies and architecture permitting interaction with other areas of cellular metabolism. The impact of mutated PRS genes in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae on cell signalling and metabolism may be relevant to the human neuropathies associated with PRPS mutations. Human PRPS1 and PRPS2 gene products are implicated in drug resistance associated with recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and progression of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The investigation of PRPP metabolism in accepted model organisms, e.g., yeast and zebrafish, has the potential to reveal novel drug targets for treating at least some of the diseases, often characterized by overlapping symptoms, such as Arts syndrome and respiratory infections, and uncover the significance and relevance of human PRPS in disease diagnosis, management, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eziuche A. Ugbogu
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (E.A.U.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Lilian M. Schweizer
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (E.A.U.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Michael Schweizer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Engineering (IB3), School of Engineering &Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medina G, Perry J, Oza A, Kenna M. Hiding in plain sight: genetic deaf-blindness is not always Usher syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006088. [PMID: 34021019 PMCID: PMC8327880 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common congenital sensory impairment. Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading genetic etiology of congenital deafness combined with progressive vision loss, and individuals presenting with these symptoms are often assumed to have USH. This can be an erroneous assumption, as there are additional genetic causes of deaf-blindness. Our objective is to describe and accurately diagnose non-USH genetic causes of deaf-blindness. We present three children with hearing and vision loss with clinical and genetic findings suggestive of USH. However, ongoing clinical assessment did not completely support an USH diagnosis, and exome analysis was pursued for all three individuals. Updated genetic testing showed pathogenic variants in ALMS1 in the first individual and TUBB4B in the second and third. Although HL in all three was consistent with USH type 2, vision impairment with retinal changes was noted by age 2 yr, which is unusual for USH. In all three the updated genotype more accurately fit the clinical phenotype. Because USH is the most common form of genetic deaf-blindness, individuals with HL, early vision impairment, and retinal dysfunction are often assumed to have USH. However, additional genes associated with HL and retinal impairment include ALMS1, TUBB4B, CEP78, ABHD12, and PRPS1. Accurate genetic diagnosis is critical to these individuals’ understanding of their genetic conditions, prognosis, vision and hearing loss management, and future access to molecular therapies. If clinically or genetically USH seems uncertain, updated genetic testing for non-USH genes is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Medina
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Julia Perry
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Oza
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Invitae, San Francisco, California 94103, USA
| | - Margaret Kenna
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Co-therapy with S-adenosylmethionine and nicotinamide riboside improves t-cell survival and function in Arts Syndrome (PRPS1 deficiency). Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 26:100709. [PMID: 33532242 PMCID: PMC7823043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arts syndrome or phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate-synthetase-1 (PRPS1) deficiency is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the PRPS1 gene (Xq22.3). PRPS1 is an initial and essential step for the synthesis of the nucleotides of purines, pyrimidines, and nicotinamide. Classically, affected males present with sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, muscular hypotonia, developmental impairment, and recurrent severe respiratory infections early in life. Treatment of a 3-year old boy with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) replenished erythrocyte purine nucleotides of adenosine and guanosine, while SAM and nicotinamide riboside co-therapy further improved his clinical phenotype as well as T-cell survival and function.
Collapse
|
9
|
Puusepp S, Reinson K, Pajusalu S, van Kuilenburg ABP, Dobritzsch D, Roelofsen J, Stenzel W, Õunap K. Atypical presentation of Arts syndrome due to a novel hemizygous loss-of-function variant in the PRPS1 gene. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100677. [PMID: 33294372 PMCID: PMC7689168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The PRPS1 gene, located on Xq22.3, encodes phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS), a key enzyme in de novo purine synthesis. Three clinical phenotypes are associated with loss-of-function PRPS1 variants and decreased PRPS activity: Arts syndrome (OMIM: 301835), Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5, OMIM: 311070), and nonsyndromic X-linked deafness (DFN2, OMIM: 304500). Hearing loss is present in all cases. CMTX5 patients also show peripheral neuropathy and optic atrophy. Arts syndrome includes developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, and susceptibility to infections, in addition to the above three features. Gain-of-function PRPS1 variants result in PRPS superactivity (OMIM: 300661) with hyperuricemia and gout. We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with marked generalized muscular hypotonia, global developmental delay, lack of speech, trunk instability, exercise intolerance, hypomimic face with open mouth, oropharyngeal dysphagia, dysarthria, and frequent upper respiratory tract infections. However, his nerve conduction velocity, audiologic, and funduscopic investigations were normal. A novel hemizygous variant, c.130A > G p.(Ile44Val), was found in the PRPS1 gene by panel sequencing. PRPS activity in erythrocytes was markedly reduced, confirming the pathogenicity of the variant. Serum uric acid and urinary purine and pyrimidine metabolite levels were normal. In conclusion, we present a novel PRPS1 loss-of-function variant in a patient with some clinical features of Arts syndrome, but lacking a major attribute, hearing loss, which is congenital/early-onset in all other reported Arts syndrome patients. In addition, it is important to acknowledge that normal levels of serum and urinary purine and pyrimidine metabolites do not exclude PRPS1-related disorders. We describe a male patient with atypical presentation of Arts syndrome. Our patient harbors a novel loss-of-function variant in the PRPS1 gene. The purine and pyrimidine levels can be normal in patients with decreased PRPS activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Puusepp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Roelofsen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Science Campus Chronic Inflammation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
PRPS1 loss-of-function variants, from isolated hearing loss to severe congenital encephalopathy: New cases and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104033. [PMID: 32781272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe two sporadic and two familial cases with loss-of-function variants in PRPS1, which is located on the X chromosome and encodes phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-1). We illustrate the clinical variability associated with decreased PRS-1 activity, ranging from mild isolated hearing loss to severe encephalopathy. One of the variants we identified has already been reported with a phenotype similar to our patient's, whereas the other three were unknown. The clinical and biochemical information we provide will hopefully contribute to gain insight into the correlation between genotype and phenotype of this rare condition, both in females and in males. Moreover, our observation of a new family in which hemizygous males display hearing loss without any neurological or ophthalmological symptoms prompts us to suggest analysing PRPS1 in cases of isolated hearing loss. Eventually, PRPS1 variants should be considered as a differential diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders.
Collapse
|
11
|
Begovich K, Yelon D, Wilhelm JE. PRPS polymerization influences lens fiber organization in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1018-1031. [PMID: 32243675 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The self-assembly of metabolic enzymes into filaments or foci highlights an intriguing mechanism for the regulation of metabolic activity. Recently, we identified the conserved polymerization of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS), which catalyzes the first step in purine nucleotide synthesis, in yeast and cultured mammalian cells. While previous work has revealed that loss of PRPS activity regulates retinal development in zebrafish, the extent to which PRPS filament formation affects tissue development remains unknown. RESULTS By generating novel alleles in the zebrafish PRPS paralogs, prps1a and prps1b, we gained new insight into the role of PRPS filaments during eye development. We found that mutations in prps1a alone are sufficient to generate abnormally small eyes along with defects in head size, pigmentation, and swim bladder inflation. Furthermore, a loss-of-function mutation that truncates the Prps1a protein resulted in the failure of PRPS filament assembly. Lastly, in mutants that fail to assemble PRPS filaments, we observed disorganization of the actin network in the lens fibers. CONCLUSIONS The truncation of Prps1a blocked PRPS filament formation and resulted in a disorganized lens fiber actin network. Altogether, these findings highlight a potential role for PRPS filaments during lens fiber organization in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Begovich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James E Wilhelm
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
DeSmidt AA, Zou B, Grati M, Yan D, Mittal R, Yao Q, Richmond MT, Denyer S, Liu XZ, Lu Z. Zebrafish Model for Nonsyndromic X-Linked Sensorineural Deafness, DFNX1. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:544-555. [PMID: 30874365 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary deafness is often a neurosensory disorder and affects the quality of life of humans. Only three X-linked genes (POU class 3 homeobox 4 (POU3F4), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1), and small muscle protein X-linked (SMPX)) are known to be involved in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Four PRPS1 missense mutations have been found to associate with X-linked nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness (DFNX1/DFN2) in humans. However, a causative relationship between PRPS1 mutations and hearing loss in humans has not been well studied in any animal model. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-I) is highly conserved in vertebrate taxa. In this study, we used the zebrafish as a model to investigate the auditory role of zebrafish orthologs (prps1a and prps1b) of the human PRPS1 gene with whole mount in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, phenotypic screening, confocal imaging, and electrophysiological methods. We found that both prps1a and prps1b genes were expressed in the inner ear of zebrafish. Splice-blocking antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO1 and MO2) caused exon-2 skip and intron-2 retention of prps1a and exon-2 skip and intron-1 retention of prps1b to knock down functions of the genes, respectively. MO1 and MO2 morphants had smaller otic vesicles and otoliths, fewer inner ear hair cells, and lower microphonic response amplitude and sensitivity than control zebrafish. Therefore, knockdown of either prps1a or prps1b resulted in significant sensorineural hearing loss in zebrafish. We conclude that the prps1 genes are essential for hearing in zebrafish, which has the potential to help us understand the biology of human deafness DFNX1/DFN2. Anat Rec, 303:544-555, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Zou
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven Denyer
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nishikura N, Yamagata T, Morimune T, Matsui J, Sokoda T, Sawai C, Sakaue Y, Higuchi Y, Hashiguchi A, Takashima H, Takeuchi Y, Maruo Y. X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 with recurrent weakness after febrile illness. Brain Dev 2019; 41:201-204. [PMID: 30177296 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5) is an X-linked disorder characterized by early-onset sensorineural hearing impairment, peripheral neuropathy, and progressive optic atrophy. It is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 gene (PRPS1), which encodes isoform I of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRS-I). A decreased activity leads to nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2), CMTX5, and Arts syndrome depending upon residual PRS-I activity. Clinical and neurophysiological features of pediatric CMTX5 are poorly defined. We report two male siblings with peripheral neuropathy and prelingual sensorineural hearing loss who carried a novel c.319A>G (p.Ile107Val) PRPS1 missense mutation. They exhibited recurrent episodes of transient proximal muscle weakness, showing Gowers' sign and waddling gait after suffering from febrile illness. This transient weakness has not been previously reported in CMTX5. A patient with Arts syndrome was reported to have transient proximal weakness after febrile illness. The transient weakness presenting in both CMTX5 and Arts syndrome suggests an overlap of signs and a continuous spectrum of PRS-I hypoactivity disease. Children presenting with transient neurological signs should be evaluated for peripheral neuropathy and consider genetic analysis for PRPS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nishikura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takao Morimune
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Jun Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sokoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakaue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maruo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agrahari AK, Sneha P, George Priya Doss C, Siva R, Zayed H. A profound computational study to prioritize the disease-causing mutations in PRPS1 gene. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:589-600. [PMID: 29047041 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most commonly inherited congenital neurological disorders, affecting approximately 1 in 2500 in the US. About 80 genes were found to be in association with CMT. The phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) is an essential enzyme in the primary stage of de novo and salvage nucleotide synthesis. The mutations in the PRPS1 gene leads to X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 5 (CMTX5), PRS super activity, Arts syndrome, X-linked deafness-1, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. In the present study, we obtained 20 missense mutations from UniProt and dbSNP databases and applied series of comprehensive in silico prediction methods to assess the degree of pathogenicity and stability. In silico tools predicted four missense mutations (D52H, M115 T, L152P, and D203H) to be potential disease causing mutations. We further subjected the four mutations along with native protein to 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) using Gromacs package. The resulting trajectory files were analyzed to understand the stability differences caused by the mutations. We used the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Radius of Gyration (Rg), solvent accessibility surface area (SASA), Covariance matrix, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Free Energy Landscape (FEL), and secondary structure analysis to assess the structural changes in the protein upon mutation. Our study suggests that the four mutations might affect the PRPS1 protein function and stability of the structure. The proposed study may serve as a platform for drug repositioning and personalized medicine for diseases that are caused by the PRPS1 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Agrahari
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - P Sneha
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - R Siva
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fiorentino A, Fujinami K, Arno G, Robson AG, Pontikos N, Arasanz Armengol M, Plagnol V, Hayashi T, Iwata T, Parker M, Fowler T, Rendon A, Gardner JC, Henderson RH, Cheetham ME, Webster AR, Michaelides M, Hardcastle AJ. Missense variants in the X-linked gene PRPS1 cause retinal degeneration in females. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:80-91. [PMID: 28967191 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of disorders of visual function leading to partial or complete blindness. We report the genetic basis of an unusual retinal dystrophy in five families with affected females and no affected males. Heterozygous missense variants were identified in the X-linked phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) gene: c.47C > T, p.(Ser16Phe); c.586C > T, p.(Arg196Trp); c.641G > C, p.(Arg214Pro); and c.640C > T, p.(Arg214Trp). Missense variants in PRPS1 are usually associated with disease in male patients, including Arts syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, and nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness. In our study families, affected females manifested a retinal dystrophy with interocular asymmetry. Three unrelated females from these families had hearing loss leading to a diagnosis of Usher syndrome. Other neurological manifestations were also observed in three individuals. Our data highlight the unexpected X-linked inheritance of retinal degeneration in females caused by variants in PRPS1 and suggest that tissue-specific skewed X-inactivation or variable levels of pyrophosphate synthetase-1 deficiency are the underlying mechanism(s). We speculate that the absence of affected males in the study families suggests that some variants may be male embryonic lethal when inherited in the hemizygous state. The unbiased nature of next-generation sequencing enables all possible modes of inheritance to be considered for association of gene variants with novel phenotypic presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Robson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Genetics Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Parker
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Fowler
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto Rendon
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H Henderson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim SY, Kim AR, Kim NKD, Lee C, Han JH, Kim MY, Jeon EH, Park WY, Mittal R, Yan D, Liu XZ, Choi BY. Functional characterization of a novel loss-of-function mutation of PRPS1 related to early-onset progressive nonsyndromic hearing loss in Koreans (DFNX1): Potential implications on future therapeutic intervention. J Gene Med 2017; 18:353-358. [PMID: 27886419 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The symptoms of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) deficiency diseases have been reported to be alleviated by medication. In the present study, we report biochemical data that favor PRPS1 deficiency-related hearing loss as a potential target for pharmaceutical treatment. METHODS We recruited 42 probands from subjects aged less than 15 years with a moderate degree of nonsyndromic autosomal-recessive or sporadic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in at least one side. Molecular genetic testing, including targeted exome sequencing (TES) of 129 genes for deafness, and in silico prediction were performed. RESULTS A strong candidate variant (p.A82P) of PRPS1 is co-segregated with SNHL in X-linked recessive inheritance from one Korean multiplex SNHL family. Subsequent measurement of in vitro enzymatic activities of PRPS1 from erythrocytes of affected and unaffected family members, as well as unrelated normal controls, confirmed a pathogenic role of this variant. In detail, compared to normal hearing controls (0.23-0.26 nmol/ml/h), the proband, the affected sibling and their normal hearing mother demonstrated a significantly decreased PRPS1 enzymatic activity (0.07, 0.03 and 0.11 nmol/ml/h, respectively). This novel loss-of-function mutation of PRPS1 (p.A82P) is the ninth and sixth most reported mutation in the world and in Asia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DFNX1 was found to account for approximately 2.4% (1/42) of moderate SNHL in a Korean pediatric population. Confirmation of PRPS1 activity deficiency and an audiologic phenotype that initially begins in a milder form of SNHL, as in our family, should indicate the need for rigorous genetic screening as early as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung K D Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Byung Yoon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Familial Case of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disorder Detected by Oligoarray Comparative Genomic Hybridization: Genotype-to-Phenotype Diagnosis. Case Rep Genet 2017; 2017:2706098. [PMID: 28133555 PMCID: PMC5241495 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2706098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by nystagmus, spastic quadriplegia, ataxia, and developmental delay. It is caused by mutation in the PLP1 gene. Case Description. We report a 9-year-old boy referred for oligoarray comparative genomic hybridization (OA-CGH) because of intellectual delay, seizures, microcephaly, nystagmus, and spastic paraplegia. Similar clinical findings were reported in his older brother and maternal uncle. Both parents had normal phenotypes. OA-CGH was performed and a 436 Kb duplication was detected and the diagnosis of PMD was made. The mother was carrier of this 436 Kb duplication. Conclusion. Clinical presentation has been accepted as being the mainstay of diagnosis for most conditions. However, recent developments in genetic diagnosis have shown that, in many congenital and sporadic disorders lacking specific phenotypic manifestations, a genotype-to-phenotype approach can be conclusive. In this case, a diagnosis was reached by universal genomic testing, namely, whole genomic array.
Collapse
|
18
|
Maruyama K, Ogaya S, Kurahashi N, Umemura A, Yamada K, Hashiguchi A, Takashima H, Torres RJ, Aso K. Arts syndrome with a novel missense mutation in the PRPS1 gene: A case report. Brain Dev 2016; 38:954-958. [PMID: 27256512 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Arts syndrome is characterized by early-onset hypotonia, ataxia, intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing impairment, progressive optic atrophy, and a tendency to develop infections. Arts syndrome is an X-linked disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the PRPS1 gene, which encodes phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1. Only three families have been reported. Here, we report another family with Arts syndrome. The initial symptoms of the 1-year-old proband were hypotonia and ataxia, worsening recurrent infection-triggered muscle weakness, motor and intellectual developmental delay, and hearing loss. Both central nervous system involvement and peripheral neuropathy were demonstrated. His three maternal uncles had died before the age of 3years. A genetic analysis of PRPS1 revealed a novel missense mutation, c.367C>G (p.His123Asp). PRPS enzymatic activity was markedly reduced in the patient. His mother was supposed to be an asymptomatic carrier. Arts syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of infantile hypotonia and weakness aggravated by recurrent infection with a family history of X-linked inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Maruyama
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ogaya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Naoko Kurahashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ayako Umemura
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rosa J Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Kosaburo Aso
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Kasugai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ugbogu EA, Wang K, Schweizer LM, Schweizer M. Metabolic gene products have evolved to interact with the cell wall integrity pathway inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow092. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
20
|
Additive reductions in zebrafish PRPS1 activity result in a spectrum of deficiencies modeling several human PRPS1-associated diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29946. [PMID: 27425195 PMCID: PMC4947902 DOI: 10.1038/srep29946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-1 (PRPS1) is a key enzyme in nucleotide biosynthesis, and mutations in PRPS1 are found in several human diseases including nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-5, and Arts Syndrome. We utilized zebrafish as a model to confirm that mutations in PRPS1 result in phenotypic deficiencies in zebrafish similar to those in the associated human diseases. We found two paralogs in zebrafish, prps1a and prps1b and characterized each paralogous mutant individually as well as the double mutant fish. Zebrafish prps1a mutants and prps1a;prps1b double mutants showed similar morphological phenotypes with increasingly severe phenotypes as the number of mutant alleles increased. Phenotypes included smaller eyes and reduced hair cell numbers, consistent with the optic atrophy and hearing impairment observed in human patients. The double mutant also showed abnormal development of primary motor neurons, hair cell innervation, and reduced leukocytes, consistent with the neuropathy and recurrent infection of the human patients possessing the most severe reductions of PRPS1 activity. Further analyses indicated the phenotypes were associated with a prolonged cell cycle likely resulting from reduced nucleotide synthesis and energy production in the mutant embryos. We further demonstrated the phenotypes were caused by delays in the tissues most highly expressing the prps1 genes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Park HJ, Hong YB, Choi YC, Lee J, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Mo WM, Ki SM, Kim HI, Kim HJ, Hyun YS, Hong HD, Nam K, Jung SC, Kim SB, Kim SH, Kim DH, Oh KW, Kim SH, Yoo JH, Lee JE, Chung KW, Choi BO. ADSSL1 mutation relevant to autosomal recessive adolescent onset distal myopathy. Ann Neurol 2015; 79:231-43. [PMID: 26506222 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal myopathy is a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases characterized by predominant distal muscle weakness. A study was done to identify the underlying cause of autosomal recessive adolescent onset distal myopathy. METHODS Four patients from 2 unrelated Korean families were evaluated. To isolate the genetic cause, exome sequencing was performed. In vitro and in vivo assays using myoblast cells and zebrafish models were performed to examine the ADSSL1 mutation causing myopathy pathogenesis. RESULTS Patients had an adolescent onset distal myopathy phenotype that included distal dominant weakness, facial muscle weakness, rimmed vacuoles, and mild elevation of serum creatine kinase. Exome sequencing identified completely cosegregating compound heterozygous mutations (p.D304N and p.I350fs) in ADSSL1, which encodes a muscle-specific adenylosuccinate synthase in both families. None of the controls had both mutations, and the mutation sites were located in well-conserved regions. Both the D304N and I350fs mutations in ADSSL1 led to decreased enzymatic activity. The knockdown of the Adssl1 gene significantly inhibited the proliferation of mouse myoblast cells, and the addition of human wild-type ADSSL1 reversed the reduced viability. In an adssl1 knockdown zebrafish model, muscle fibers were severely disrupted, which was evaluated by myosin expression and birefringence. In these conditions, supplementing wild-type ADSSL1 protein reversed the muscle defect. INTERPRETATION We suggest that mutations in ADSSL1 are the novel genetic cause of the autosomal recessive adolescent onset distal myopathy. This study broadens the genetic and clinical spectrum of distal myopathy and will be useful for exact molecular diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Park
- Department of Neurology, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Choi
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ja Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Min Mo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Mi Ki
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Young Se Hyun
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Dae Hong
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Kisoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Sung Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kangdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Almoguera B, He S, Corton M, Fernandez-San Jose P, Blanco-Kelly F, López-Molina MI, García-Sandoval B, Del Val J, Guo Y, Tian L, Liu X, Guan L, Torres RJ, Puig JG, Hakonarson H, Xu X, Keating B, Ayuso C. Expanding the phenotype of PRPS1 syndromes in females: neuropathy, hearing loss and retinopathy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:190. [PMID: 25491489 PMCID: PMC4272780 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRS) I deficiency is a rare medical condition caused by missense mutations in PRPS1 that lead to three different phenotypes: Arts Syndrome (MIM 301835), X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMTX5, MIM 311070) or X-linked non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2, MIM 304500). All three are X-linked recessively inherited and males affected display variable degree of central and peripheral neuropathy. We applied whole exome sequencing to a three-generation family with optic atrophy followed by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in all three cases, and ataxia, progressive peripheral neuropathy and hearing loss with variable presentation. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed in two affecteds and one unaffected member of the family. Sanger sequencing was used to validate and segregate the 12 candidate mutations in the family and to confirm the absence of the novel variant in PRPS1 in 191 controls. The pathogenic role of the novel mutation in PRPS1 was assessed in silico and confirmed by enzymatic determination of PRS activity, mRNA expression and sequencing, and X-chromosome inactivation. Results A novel missense mutation was identified in PRPS1 in the affected females. Age of onset, presentation and severity of the phenotype are highly variable in the family: both the proband and her mother have neurological and ophthalmological symptoms, whereas the phenotype of the affected sister is milder and currently confined to the eye. Moreover, only the proband displayed a complete lack of expression of the wild type allele in leukocytes that seems to correlate with the degree of PRS deficiency and the severity of the phenotype. Interestingly, optic atrophy and RP are the only common manifestations to all three females and the only phenotype correlating with the degree of enzyme deficiency. Conclusions These results are in line with recent evidence of the existence of intermediate phenotypes in PRS-I deficiency syndromes and demonstrate that females can exhibit a disease phenotype as severe and complex as their male counterparts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0190-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Almoguera
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Sijie He
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IISFJD, UAM), 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Fernandez-San Jose
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IISFJD, UAM), 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IISFJD, UAM), 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Isabel López-Molina
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Blanca García-Sandoval
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Del Val
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | | | | | - Rosa J Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, La Paz University Hospital IdiPaz, Madrid, 28046, Spain.
| | - Juan G Puig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic-Vascular Unit, La Paz University Hospital IdiPaz, Madrid, 28046, Spain.
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,The Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Brendan Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IISFJD, UAM), 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Balasubramaniam S, Duley JA, Christodoulou J. Inborn errors of purine metabolism: clinical update and therapies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:669-86. [PMID: 24972650 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of purine metabolism exhibit broad neurological, immunological, haematological and renal manifestations. Limited awareness of the phenotypic spectrum, the recent descriptions of newer disorders and considerable genetic heterogeneity, have contributed to long diagnostic odysseys for affected individuals. These enzymes are widely but not ubiquitously distributed in human tissues and are crucial for synthesis of essential nucleotides, such as ATP, which form the basis of DNA and RNA, oxidative phosphorylation, signal transduction and a range of molecular synthetic processes. Depletion of nucleotides or accumulation of toxic intermediates contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders. Maintenance of cellular nucleotides depends on the three aspects of metabolism of purines (and related pyrimidines): de novo synthesis, catabolism and recycling of these metabolites. At present, treatments for the clinically significant defects of the purine pathway are restricted: purine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency with uridine; familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy (FJHN), adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) deficiency and phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase superactivity (PRPS) with allopurinol; adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiencies have been treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and ADA deficiency with enzyme replacement with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ADA, or erythrocyte-encapsulated ADA; myeloadenylate deaminase (MADA) and adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) deficiencies have had trials of oral ribose; PRPS, HPRT and adenosine kinase (ADK) deficiencies with S-adenosylmethionine; and molybdenum cofactor deficiency of complementation group A (MOCODA) with cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). In this review we describe the known inborn errors of purine metabolism, their phenotypic presentations, established diagnostic methodology and recognised treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Balasubramaniam
- Metabolic Unit, Princess Margaret Hospital, Roberts Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prenatal growth restriction, retinal dystrophy, diabetes insipidus and white matter disease: expanding the spectrum of PRPS1-related disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:310-6. [PMID: 24961627 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PRPS1 codes for the enzyme phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-1 (PRS-1). The spectrum of PRPS1-related disorders associated with reduced activity includes Arts syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-5 (CMTX5) and X-linked non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2). We describe a novel phenotype associated with decreased PRS-1 function in two affected male siblings. Using whole exome and Sanger sequencing techniques, we identified a novel missense mutation in PRPS1. The clinical phenotype in our patients is characterized by high prenatal maternal α-fetoprotein, intrauterine growth restriction, dysmorphic facial features, severe intellectual disability and spastic quadraparesis. Additional phenotypic features include macular coloboma-like lesions with retinal dystrophy, severe short stature and diabetes insipidus. Exome sequencing of the two affected male siblings identified a shared putative pathogenic mutation c.586C>T p.(Arg196Trp) in the PRPS1 gene that was maternally inherited. Follow-up testing showed normal levels of hypoxanthine in urine samples and uric acid levels in blood serum. The PRS activity was significantly reduced in erythrocytes of the two patients. Nucleotide analysis in erythrocytes revealed abnormally low guanosine triphosphate and guanosine diphosphate. This presentation is the most severe form of PRPS1-deficiency syndrome described to date and expands the spectrum of PRPS1-related disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Synofzik M, Müller vom Hagen J, Haack TB, Wilhelm C, Lindig T, Beck-Wödl S, Nabuurs SB, van Kuilenburg ABP, de Brouwer APM, Schöls L. X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Arts syndrome, and prelingual non-syndromic deafness form a disease continuum: evidence from a family with a novel PRPS1 mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:24. [PMID: 24528855 PMCID: PMC3931488 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5), Arts syndrome, and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2) are allelic syndromes, caused by reduced activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-I) due to loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1. As only few families have been described, knowledge about the relation between these syndromes, the phenotypic spectrum in patients and female carriers, and the relation to underlying PRS-I activity is limited. Methods We investigated a family with a novel PRPS1 mutation (c.830A > C, p.Gln277Pro) by extensive phenotyping, MRI, and genetic and enzymatic tests. Results The male index subject presented with an overlap of CMTX5 and Arts syndrome features, whereas his sister presented with prelingual DFN2. Both showed mild parietal and cerebellar atrophy on MRI. Enzymatically, PRS-I activity was undetectable in the index subject, reduced in his less affected sister, and normal in his unaffected mother. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CMTX5, Arts syndrome and DFN2 are phenotypic clusters on an intrafamilial continuum, including overlapping phenotypes even within individuals. The respective phenotypic presentation seems to be determined by the exact PRPS1 mutation and the residual enzyme activity, the latter being largely influenced by the degree of skewed X-inactivation. Finally, our findings show that brain atrophy might be more common in PRPS1-disorders than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park J, Hyun YS, Kim YJ, Nam SH, Kim SH, Hong YB, Park JM, Chung KW, Choi BO. Exome Sequencing Reveals a Novel PRPS1 Mutation in a Family with CMTX5 without Optic Atrophy. J Clin Neurol 2013; 9:283-8. [PMID: 24285972 PMCID: PMC3840141 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2013.9.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase I (PRPS1). There has been only one case report of CMTX5 patients. The aim of this study was to identify the causative gene in a family with CMTX with peripheral neuropathy and deafness. Case Report A Korean family with X-linked recessive CMT was enrolled. The age at the onset of hearing loss of the male proband was 5 months, and that of steppage gait was 6 years; he underwent cochlear surgery at the age of 12 years. In contrast to what was reported for the first patients with CMTX5, this patient did not exhibit optic atrophy. Furthermore, there was no cognitive impairment, respiratory dysfunction, or visual disturbance. Assessment of his family history revealed two male relatives with very similar clinical manifestations. Electrophysiological evaluations disclosed sensorineural hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel p.Ala121Gly (c.362C>G) PRPS1 mutation as the underlying genetic cause of the clinical phenotype. Conclusions A novel mutation of PRPS1 was identified in a CMTX5 family in which the proband had a phenotype of peripheral neuropathy with early-onset hearing loss, but no optic atrophy. The findings of this study will expand the clinical spectrum of X-linked recessive CMT and will be useful for the molecular diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous peripheral neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Park
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Neuhann T, Rautenstrauss B. Genetic and phenotypic variability of optic neuropathies. Expert Rev Neurother 2013; 13:357-67. [PMID: 23545052 DOI: 10.1586/ern.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathies comprise a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Two subgroups can be formed: isolated hereditary optic atrophies and optic neuropathy as part of complex disorders. In group 1 of hereditary optic neuropathies, optic nerve dysfunction is typically the only manifestation of the disease. This group comprises autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive optic atrophy and the maternally inherited Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Among the autosomal-dominant forms of optic atrophy, Kjer's disease is most frequently observed. In the second group of complex disorders, various neurologic and other systemic abnormalities are regularly observed. Most frequent in this group are mtDNA mutations, inherited peripheral neuropathies, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorders (CMT2A2, CMTX5), hereditary sensory neuropathy type 3 (HSAN3), Friedreich's ataxia, leukodystrophies, sphingolipidoses, ceroid-lipofuscinoses and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. We review current knowledge about the underlying genetic predispositions, the most urgent open questions and how this may affect our management of this heterogeneous group of disorders in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neuhann
- Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, Bayerstrasse 3-5, Munich 80335, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu XZ, Xie D, Yuan HJ, de Brouwer APM, Christodoulou J, Yan D. Hearing loss and PRPS1 mutations: Wide spectrum of phenotypes and potential therapy. Int J Audiol 2012. [PMID: 23190330 DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2012.736032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current literature on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1)-related diseases and their consequences on hearing function. DESIGN A literature search of peer-reviewed, published journal articles was conducted in online bibliographic databases. STUDY SAMPLE Three databases for medical research were included in this review. RESULTS Mutations in PRPS1 are associated with a spectrum of non-syndromic to syndromic hearing loss. Hearing loss in male patients with PRPS1 mutations is bilateral, moderate to profound, and can be prelingual or postlingual, progressive or non-progressive. Audiogram shapes associated with PRPS1 deafness are usually residual and flat. Female carriers can have unilateral or bilateral hearing impairment. Gain of function mutations in PRPS1 cause a superactivity of the PRS-I protein whereas the loss-of-function mutations result in X-linked nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness type 2 (DFN2), or in syndromic deafness including Arts syndrome and X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-5 (CMTX5). CONCLUSIONS Lower residual activity in PRS-I leads to a more severe clinical manifestation. Clinical and molecular findings suggest that the four PRPS1 disorders discovered to date belong to the same disease spectrum. Dietary supplementation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) appeared to alleviate the symptoms of Arts syndrome patients, suggesting that SAM could compensate for PRS-I deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
de Brouwer AP, van Bokhoven H, Nabuurs SB, Arts WF, Christodoulou J, Duley J. PRPS1 mutations: four distinct syndromes and potential treatment. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:506-18. [PMID: 20380929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetases (PRSs) catalyze the first step of nucleotide synthesis. Nucleotides are central to cell function, being the building blocks of nucleic acids and serving as cofactors in cellular signaling and metabolism. With this in mind, it is remarkable that mutations in phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1), which is the most ubiquitously expressed gene of the three PRS genes, are compatible with life. Mutations described thus far in PRPS1 are all missense mutations that result in PRS-I superactivity or in variable levels of decreased activity, resulting in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-5 (CMTX5), Arts syndrome, and X-linked nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2). Patients with PRS-I superactivity primarily present with uric acid overproduction, mental retardation, ataxia, hypotonia, and hearing impairment. Postlingual progressive hearing loss is found as an isolated feature in DFN2 patients. Patients with CMTX5 and Arts syndrome have peripheral neuropathy, including hearing impairment and optic atrophy. However, patients with Arts syndrome are more severely affected because they also have central neuropathy and an impaired immune system. The neurological phenotype in all four PRPS1-related disorders seems to result primarily from reduced levels of GTP and possibly other purine nucleotides including ATP, suggesting that these disorders belong to the same disease spectrum. Preliminary results of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) supplementation in two Arts syndrome patients show improvement of their condition, indicating that SAM supplementation in the diet could alleviate some of the symptoms of patients with PRPS1 spectrum diseases by replenishing purine nucleotides (J.C., unpublished data).
Collapse
|
30
|
de Brouwer APM, Williams KL, Duley JA, van Kuilenburg ABP, Nabuurs SB, Egmont-Petersen M, Lugtenberg D, Zoetekouw L, Banning MJG, Roeffen M, Hamel BCJ, Weaving L, Ouvrier RA, Donald JA, Wevers RA, Christodoulou J, van Bokhoven H. Arts syndrome is caused by loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:507-18. [PMID: 17701896 PMCID: PMC1950830 DOI: 10.1086/520706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Arts syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, early-onset hypotonia, ataxia, delayed motor development, hearing impairment, and optic atrophy. Linkage analysis in a Dutch family and an Australian family suggested that the candidate gene maps to Xq22.1-q24. Oligonucleotide microarray expression profiling of fibroblasts from two probands of the Dutch family revealed reduced expression levels of the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 gene (PRPS1). Subsequent sequencing of PRPS1 led to the identification of two different missense mutations, c.455T-->C (p.L152P) in the Dutch family and c.398A-->C (p.Q133P) in the Australian family. Both mutations result in a loss of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 activity, as was shown in silico by molecular modeling and was shown in vitro by phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity assays in erythrocytes and fibroblasts from patients. This is in contrast to the gain-of-function mutations in PRPS1 that were identified previously in PRPS-related gout. The loss-of-function mutations of PRPS1 likely result in impaired purine biosynthesis, which is supported by the undetectable hypoxanthine in urine and the reduced uric acid levels in serum from patients. To replenish low levels of purines, treatment with S-adenosylmethionine theoretically could have therapeutic efficacy, and a clinical trial involving the two affected Australian brothers is currently underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Departments of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Frints SGM, Jun L, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Teulingkx R, Van den Berghe L, De Vos B, Borghgraef M, Chelly J, Des Portes V, Van Bokhoven H, Hamel B, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer V, Raynaud M, Moraine C, Marynen P, Froyen G. Inv(X)(p21.1;q22.1) in a man with mental retardation, short stature, general muscle wasting, and facial dysmorphism: clinical study and mutation analysis of the NXF5 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 119A:367-74. [PMID: 12784308 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 59-year-old male (patient A059) with moderate to severe mental retardation (MR) and a pericentric inversion of the X-chromosome: inv(X)(p21.1;q22.1). He had short stature, pectus excavatum, general muscle wasting, and facial dysmorphism. Until now, no other patients with similar clinical features have been described in the literature. Molecular analysis of both breakpoints led to the identification of a novel "Nuclear RNA export factor" (NXF) gene cluster on Xq22.1. Within this cluster, the NXF5 gene was interrupted with subsequent loss of gene expression. Hence, mutation analysis of the NXF5 and its neighboring homologue, the NXF2 gene was performed in 45 men with various forms of syndromic X-linked MR (XLMR) and in 70 patients with nonspecific XLMR. In the NXF5 gene four nucleotide changes: one intronic, two silent, and one missense (K23E), were identified. In the NXF2 gene two changes (one intronic and one silent) were found. Although none of these changes were causative mutations, we propose that NXF5 is a good candidate gene for this syndromic form of XLMR, given the suspected role of NXF proteins is within mRNA export/transport in neurons. Therefore, mutation screening of the NXF gene family in phenotypically identical patients is recommended.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/genetics
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Syndrome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna G M Frints
- Human Genome Laboratory and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Brandau O, Meindl A, Fässler R, Aszódi A. A novel gene, tendin, is strongly expressed in tendons and ligaments and shows high homology with chondromodulin-I. Dev Dyn 2001; 221:72-80. [PMID: 11357195 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondromodulin-I (CHM1) was identified recently as an angiogenesis inhibitor in cartilage. It is highly expressed in the avascular zones of cartilage but is absent in the late hypertrophic region, which is invaded by blood vessels during enchondral ossification. Blast searches with the C-terminal part of CHM1 in available databases led to the identification of human and mouse cDNAs encoding a new protein, Tendin, that shares high homology with CHM1. Based on computer predictions, Tendin is a type II transmembrane protein containing a putative proteinase cleavage and two glycosylation sites. Northern assays with mouse RNAs demonstrated strong expression of a 1.5-kb tendin transcript in the diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and the eye and low levels of expression in all other tissues investigated. In 17.5-day-old mouse embryos, in situ hybridization revealed high levels of tendin transcript in tendons and ligaments. Additional signals were detected in brain and spinal cord, liver, lung, bowels, thymus, and eye. Cartilage, where CHM1 is found, revealed low levels of tendin m-RNA. In adult mice, tendin is expressed in neurons of all brain regions and the spinal cord. The tendin gene is localized in the human Xq22 region, to which several human diseases have been mapped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Brandau
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sekul E, Carroll JE, Yaghmai F, Armstrong DL, Seltzer WK. Fatal infantile X-linked neuropathy. J Child Neurol 2000; 15:829-30. [PMID: 11198505 DOI: 10.1177/088307380001501217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a pedigree with severe X-linked neuropathy that occurs in male infants and results in death, typically by 2 years of age. The proband of our report was weak with preserved mentation. He underwent extensive evaluation, which revealed abnormal nerve conduction studies, neurogenic changes on muscle biopsy, a decreased number of large myelinated fibers and rare onion bulb formations on nerve biopsy, negative gene testing for spinal muscular atrophy, CMT1a, and CMTX1 and a normal brain magnetic resonance image. The proband's mother, an obligate carrier, had normal nerve conduction studies. Male infants with a spinal muscular atrophy phenotype but normal genetic studies should be evaluated for this fatal X-linked neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Sekul
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
There are many causes of hereditary ataxia. These can be grouped into categories of autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked. Molecularly, many of them are due to trinucleotide repeat expansions. In Friedreich ataxia, the trinucleotide repeat expansions lead to a "loss of function." In the dominant ataxias, the expanded repeats lead to a "gain of function," most likely through accumulation of intranuclear (and less commonly cytoplasmic) polyglutamine inclusions. Channelopathies can also lead to ataxia, especially episodic ataxia. Although phenotypic characteristics are an aid to the clinician, a definitive diagnosis is usually made only through genotypic or molecular studies. Genetic counseling is necessary for the testing of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. No effective treatment is yet available for most ataxic syndromes, except for ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency and the episodic ataxias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V G Evidente
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Ariz., USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bertini E, Sabatelli M, Di Capua M, Cilio MR, Mignogna T, Federico A, Tonali P. Familial spastic paraplegia, axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy and bulbar amyotrophy with facial dysmorphia: new cases of Troyer-like syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 1998; 2:245-54. [PMID: 10726827 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3798(98)80038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We studied two Libyan siblings, born to healthy consanguineous parents, who had suffered from a progressive neurological disorder, characterized by facial dysmorphia, ataxia, spastic paraplegia and an axonal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, since the age of 3 years. The clinical picture progressed slowly over a 6-year period to involve also bulbar and distal limb muscles. Interestingly, we found unusual tubulofilamentous inclusions in peripheral nerves and presynaptic buttons at the neuromuscular junctions. Describing the clinical picture of this presumably new disorder, we comment on the difference from similar conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bertini
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bambino Gesu Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ponjavic V, Andreasson S, Tranebjaerg L, Lubs HA. Full-field electroretinograms in a family with Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome. ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1996; 74:632-5. [PMID: 9017058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A family with a newly detected X-linked syndrome including sensorineural deafness, mental retardation, dystonia and blindness was examined with full-field electroretinography in order to order to find out if the blindness was caused by a retinal degeneration. Six affected males and 2 obligate carriers showed no signs of retinal degeneration. One of 7 affected males had central areolar choroidal dystrophy confirmed by central scotomas in visual fields and an electroretinographic pattern consisting of an attenuated amplitude as well as a prolonged implicit time of the cone b-wave on stimulation with 30 Hz flickering white light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Ponjavic
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jin H, May M, Tranebjaerg L, Kendall E, Fontán G, Jackson J, Subramony SH, Arena F, Lubs H, Smith S, Stevenson R, Schwartz C, Vetrie D. A novel X-linked gene, DDP, shows mutations in families with deafness (DFN-1), dystonia, mental deficiency and blindness. Nat Genet 1996; 14:177-80. [PMID: 8841189 DOI: 10.1038/ng1096-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In 1960, progressive sensorineural deafness (McKusick 304,700, DFN-1) was shown to be X-linked based on a description of a large Norwegian pedigree. More recently, it was shown that this original DFN-1 family represented a new type of recessive neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by postlingual progressive sensorineural deafness as the first presenting symptom in early childhood, followed by progressive dystonia, spasticity, dysphagia, mental deterioration, paranoia and cortical blindness. This new disorder, termed Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome (referred to here as DFN-1/MTS) was mapped to the Xq21.3-Xq22 region2. Using positional information from a patient with a 21-kb deletion in chromosome Xq22 and sensorineural deafness along with dystonia, we characterized a novel transcript lying within the deletion as a candidate for this complex syndrome. We now report small deletions in this candidate gene in the original DFN-1/MTS family, and in a family with deafness, dystonia and mental deficiency but not blindness. This gene, named DDP (deafness/ dystonia peptide), shows high levels of expression in fetal and adult brain. The DDP protein demonstrates striking similarity to a predicted Schizosaccharomyces pombe protein of no known function. Thus, is it likely that the DDP gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved novel polypeptide necessary for normal human neurological development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Jin
- Division of Medical and St. Thomas's London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Neurological, auditory, vestibular and ocular motor examinations were performed on 3 definite and 3 possible heterozygous carriers of a previously described X-linked multi-system disorder with early childhood onset, rapid progression and a fatal outcome (Arts et al., 1993). The symptoms, i.e., delayed motor development, ataxia, hearing loss and subnormal intelligence, were so evident in 2 of the possible carriers that they could be redesignated as probable carriers. Other symptoms in the definite and probable carriers were clubfeet, dysarthria, intention tremor and abnormal gait, while their signs included dysdiadochokinesia, ataxic paraplegia, abnormal muscle tendon reflexes and extensor plantar responses. All the symptomatic carriers developed moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss with normal stapedial reflexes and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in those in whom this could be evaluated. Speech discrimination was disproportionally poor unilaterally in one case from whom no BAEPs could be obtained because of her degree of hearing loss. Various combinations were found of high gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, spontaneous nystagmus and directional preponderance of vestibularly evoked nystagmus, slowing, hypometria or multi-stepping of saccades, saccadic intrusions of eye movements (macro square wave jerks, double saccadic pulses), impairment of smooth pursuit eye movements and optokinetic nystagmus, and failure of visual fixation suppression of vestibularly evoked nystagmus. Such findings indicate major involvement of the (vestibulo)cerebellum and the vermis. MRI in one carrier showed mild cerebellar atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W I Verhagen
- Department of Neurology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Illarioshkin SN, Tanaka H, Markova ED, Nikolskaya NN, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Tsuji S. X-linked nonprogressive congenital cerebellar hypoplasia: clinical description and mapping to chromosome Xq. Ann Neurol 1996; 40:75-83. [PMID: 8687195 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined a large family in which an X-linked recessive congenital ataxia manifested in 7 males from three generations. The affected boys first exhibited a marked delay of early developmental motor milestones. A neurological syndrome became evident by 5 to 7 years of age and included cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and external ophthalmoplegia; there were no symptoms of mental retardation, spastic paraparesis, or sensory loss. Neuroimaging studies revealed hypoplasia of cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. The disease showed no progression beyond early childhood. The unique heredity and clinical features clearly distinguish this new entity from a variety of previously described familial ataxias. Pairwise linkage analysis and haplotype reconstruction allowed us to map the gene responsible for this disorder to a 38-cM interval on chromosome Xp11.21-q24 flanked by the loci DXS991 and DXS1001. Upon multipoint linkage analysis, the disease gene was determined to be located most likely in the proximal part of chromosome Xq, with the maximal lod score of 4.66 at the locus DXS1059 (Xq23). This is the first example of the genetic mapping of a pure congenital cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Illarioshkin
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nicolaides P, Appleton RE, Fryer A. Cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS): a new syndrome. J Med Genet 1996; 33:419-21. [PMID: 8733056 PMCID: PMC1050615 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.5.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of well recognised syndromes comprising cerebellar ataxia in association with other neurological features. We report three family members who presented with a relapsing, early onset cerebellar ataxia, associated with progressive optic atrophy and sensorineural deafness. All three patients have areflexia (in the absence of a peripheral neuropathy), a pes cavus deformity, and show varying degrees of severity. Extensive neurological investigations have been normal, and the aetiology and pathophysiology of this disorder remain unclear. This may represent a separate syndrome of early onset cerebellar ataxia with associated features ("cerebellar ataxia plus"), which is likely to either have an autosomal dominant or maternal mitochondrial pattern of inheritance. The recognition of this association under the acronym of CAPOS (cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural deafness) may help in the delineation of a new syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Nicolaides
- Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Alder Hey, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Millichap JG. X-Linked Ataxic Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol Briefs 1993. [DOI: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-7-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|