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Ropers HH, van Karnebeek CD. Rare diseases: human genome research is coming home. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006210. [PMID: 35332074 PMCID: PMC8958923 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After a long and largely disappointing detour, Genome Research has reidentified Rare Diseases as a major opportunity for improving health care and a clue to understanding gene and genome function. In this Special Issue of CSH Molecular Case Studies on Rare Diseases, several invited Perspectives, numerous Case Reports, and this Editorial itself address recent breakthroughs as well as unsolved problems in this wide field. These range from exciting prospects for gap-free diagnostic whole-genome sequencing to persisting problems related to identifying and distinguishing pathogenic and benign variants; and from the good news that soon, the United Kingdom will no longer be the only country to have introduced whole-genome sequencing into health care to the sobering conclusion that in many countries the clinical infrastructure for bringing Genome Medicine to the patient is still lacking. With less than 5000 genes firmly implicated in disease, the identification of at least twice as many disease genes is a major challenge, and the elucidation of their function is an even larger task. But given the renewed interest in rare diseases, their importance for health care, and the vast and growing spectrum of concepts and methods for studying them, the future of Human Genome Research is bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin D-14195, and Institute of Human Genetics, University Medicine, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Clara D. van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nair D, Li D, Erdogan H, Yoon A, Harr MH, Bergant G, Peterlin B, Škrjanec Pušenjak M, Jayakar P, Pfundt R, Jansen S, McWalter K, Sidhu A, Saliganan S, Agolini E, Jacob A, Pasquier J, Arash R, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH, Bhoj EJ. Discovery of a neuromuscular syndrome caused by biallelic variants in ASCC3. Human Genetics and Genomics Advances 2021; 2:100024. [PMID: 35047834 PMCID: PMC8756546 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Complex, Subunit 3 (ASCC3) is part of the four-part ASC-1 transcriptional cointegrator complex. This complex includes ASCC1 (associated with spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2), TRIP4 (associated with spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 1), and ASCC2 (not yet associated with human disease.) ASCC3 encodes a DNA helicase responsible for generating single-stranded DNA as part of the DNA damage response. Interestingly, ASCC3 expresses coding and non-coding isoforms, which act in opposition to balance the recovery of gene transcription after UV-induced DNA damage. Here we report the discovery of ASCC3 as the cause of a neuromuscular syndrome in seven unreported individuals from six unrelated families and updates on the one previously reported family. All the individuals share a neurologic phenotype that ranges from severe developmental delay to muscle fatigue. There appears to be genotype-phenotype correlation, as the most mildly affected individual is homozygous for a rare missense variant, while the more severely affected individuals are compound heterozygotes for a missense and a presumed loss-of-function (LOF) variant. There are no individuals with biallelic presumed LOF variants in our cohort or in gnomAD, as this genotype may not be compatible with life. In summary we report a syndrome in these eleven individuals from seven families with biallelic variants in ASCC3.
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Grimm T, Garshasbi M, Puettmann L, Chen W, Ullmann R, Müller-Myhsok B, Klopocki E, Herbst L, Haug J, Jensen LR, Fischer C, Nöthen M, Ludwig K, Warnke A, Ott J, Schulte-Körne G, Ropers HH, Kuss AW. A Novel Locus and Candidate Gene for Familial Developmental Dyslexia on Chromosome 4q. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2020; 48:478-489. [PMID: 33172359 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Developmental dyslexia is a highly heritable specific reading and writing disability. To identify a possible new locus and candidate gene for this disability, we investigated a four-generation pedigree where transmission of dyslexia is consistent with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Methods: We performed genome wide array-based SNP genotyping and parametric linkage analysis and sequencing analysis of protein-coding exons, exon-intron boundaries and conserved extragenic regions within the haplotype cosegregating with dyslexia in DNA from one affected and one unaffected family member. Cosegregation was confirmed by sequencing all available family members. Additionally, we analyzed 96 dyslexic individuals who had previously shown positive LOD scores on chromosome 4q28 as well as an even larger sample (n = 2591). Results: We found a single prominent linkage interval on chromosome 4q, where sequence analysis revealed a nucleotide variant in the 3' UTR of brain expressed SPRY1 in the dyslexic family member that cosegregated with dyslexia. This sequence alteration might affect the binding efficiency of the IGF2BP1 RNA-binding protein and thus influence the expression level of the SPRY1 gene product. An analysis of 96 individuals from a cohort of dyslexic individuals revealed a second heterozygous variant in this gene, which was absent in the unaffected sister of the proband. An investigation of the region in a much larger sample further found a nominal p-value of 0.0016 for verbal short-term memory (digit span) in 2,591 individuals for a neighboring SNV. After correcting for the local number of analyzed SNVs, and after taking into account linkage disequilibrium, we found this corresponds to a p-value of 0.0678 for this phenotype. Conclusions: We describe a new locus for familial dyslexia and discuss the possibility that SPRY1 might play a role in the etiology of a monogenic form of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo Grimm
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department for Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Puettmann
- Department for Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Department for Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Department for Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva Klopocki
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lina Herbst
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janina Haug
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars R Jensen
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Warnke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürg Ott
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department for Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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Beheshtian M, Akhtarkhavari T, Mehvari S, Mohseni M, Fattahi Z, Abedini SS, Arzhangi S, Fadaee M, Jamali P, Najafipour R, Kalscheuer VM, Hu H, Ropers HH, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K. Comprehensive genotype-phenotype correlation in AP-4 deficiency syndrome; Adding data from a large cohort of Iranian patients. Clin Genet 2020; 99:187-192. [PMID: 32895917 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in adaptor protein complex-4 (AP-4) genes have first been identified in 2009, causing a phenotype termed as AP-4 deficiency syndrome. Since then several patients with overlapping phenotypes, comprised of intellectual disability (ID) and spastic tetraplegia have been reported. To delineate the genotype-phenotype correlation of the AP-4 deficiency syndrome, we add the data from 30 affected individuals from 12 out of 640 Iranian families with ID in whom we detected disease-causing variants in AP-4 complex subunits, using next-generation sequencing. Furthermore, by comparing genotype-phenotype findings of those affected individuals with previously reported patients, we further refine the genotype-phenotype correlation in this syndrome. The most frequent reported clinical findings in the 101 cases consist of ID and/or global developmental delay (97%), speech disorders (92.1%), inability to walk (90.1%), spasticity (77.2%), and microcephaly (75.2%). Spastic tetraplegia has been reported in 72.3% of the investigated patients. The major brain imaging findings are abnormal corpus callosum morphology (63.4%) followed by ventriculomegaly (44.5%). Our result might suggest the AP-4 deficiency syndrome as a major differential diagnostic for unknown hereditary neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mehvari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fadaee
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Jamali
- Genetic Counseling Center, Shahroud Welfare Organization, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Genetic Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Molecular division, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mehvari S, Larti F, Hu H, Fattahi Z, Beheshtian M, Abedini SS, Arzhangi S, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM, Auld D, Kahrizi K, Riazalhosseini Y, Najmabadi H. Whole genome sequencing identifies a duplicated region encompassing Xq13.2q13.3 in a large Iranian family with intellectual disability. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1418. [PMID: 32715656 PMCID: PMC7549592 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The X chromosome has historically been one of the most thoroughly investigated chromosomes regarding intellectual disability (ID), whose etiology is attributed to many factors including copy number variations (CNVs). Duplications of the long arm of the X chromosome have been reported in patients with ID, short stature, facial anomalies, and in many cases hypoplastic genitalia and/or behavioral abnormalities. Methods Here, we report on a large Iranian family with X‐linked ID caused by a duplication on the X chromosome identified by whole genome sequencing in combination with linkage analysis. Results Seven affected males in different branches of the family presented with ID, short stature, seizures, facial anomalies, behavioral abnormalities (aggressiveness, self‐injury, anxiety, impaired social interactions, and shyness), speech impairment, and micropenis. The duplication of the region Xq13.2q13.3, which is ~1.8 Mb in size, includes seven protein‐coding OMIM genes. Three of these genes, namely SLC16A2, RLIM, and NEXMIF, if impaired, can lead to syndromes presenting with ID. Of note, this duplicated region was located within a linkage interval with a LOD score >3. Conclusion Our report indicates that CNVs should be considered in multi‐affected families where no candidate gene defect has been identified in sequencing data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mehvari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Larti
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Auld
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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von der Hagen M, Becker LL, Wienker TF, Smitka M, Musante L, Ropers HH, Huebner A, Hu H, Kaindl AM. Just Expect It: Compound Heterozygous Variants of POMT1 in a Consanguineous Family-The Role of Next Generation Sequencing in Neuromuscular Disorders. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:72-75. [PMID: 31627234 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathies (MDDG) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorders characterized by hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan. Here, we report on two female patients from a consanguineous Lebanese family that presented in early infancy with generalized muscle hypotonia and primary microcephaly. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed different degrees of hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and hypoplasia of corpus callosum. Muscle biopsy analyses revealed a muscular dystrophy with reduced expression of α-dystroglycan and merosin in immunoblot analyses. Homozygosity mapping failed to elucidate the causal mutation due to the accepted notion that, in consanguineous families, homozygote mutations cause disease. However, by applying whole exome sequencing, we identified a novel compound heterozygous POMT1 mutation that segregates with the phenotype and is in line with the clinical presentation. This underscores that a less expected compound heterozygous instead of homozygous mutation in a consanguineous marriage results in a recessive disorder and highlights the growing role of next generation sequencing in neuromuscular disorder diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja von der Hagen
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lena-Luise Becker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Neurologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Charité Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Smitka
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Huebner
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, Berlin, Germany.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Neurologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Charité Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
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Mitani T, Punetha J, Akalin I, Pehlivan D, Dawidziuk M, Coban Akdemir Z, Yilmaz S, Aslan E, Hunter JV, Hijazi H, Grochowski CM, Jhangiani SN, Karaca E, Fatih JM, Iwanowski P, Gambin T, Wlasienko P, Goszczanska-Ciuchta A, Bekiesinska-Figatowska M, Hosseini M, Arzhangi S, Najmabadi H, Rosenfeld JA, Du H, Marafi D, Blaser S, Teitelbaum R, Silver R, Posey JE, Ropers HH, Gibbs RA, Wiszniewski W, Lupski JR, Chitayat D, Kahrizi K, Gawlinski P, Gawlinski P. Bi-allelic Pathogenic Variants in TUBGCP2 Cause Microcephaly and Lissencephaly Spectrum Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:1005-1015. [PMID: 31630790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly comprises a spectrum of malformations of cortical development. This spectrum includes agyria, pachygyria, and subcortical band heterotopia; each represents anatomical malformations of brain cortical development caused by neuronal migration defects. The molecular etiologies of neuronal migration anomalies are highly enriched for genes encoding microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins, and this enrichment highlights the critical role for these genes in cortical growth and gyrification. Using exome sequencing and family based rare variant analyses, we identified a homozygous variant (c.997C>T [p.Arg333Cys]) in TUBGCP2, encoding gamma-tubulin complex protein 2 (GCP2), in two individuals from a consanguineous family; both individuals presented with microcephaly and developmental delay. GCP2 forms the multiprotein γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) together with γ-tubulin and other GCPs to regulate the assembly of microtubules. By querying clinical exome sequencing cases and through GeneMatcher-facilitated collaborations, we found three additional families with bi-allelic variation and similarly affected phenotypes including a homozygous variant (c.1843G>C [p.Ala615Pro]) in two families and compound heterozygous variants consisting of one missense variant (c.889C>T [p.Arg297Cys]) and one splice variant (c.2025-2A>G) in another family. Brain imaging from all five affected individuals revealed varying degrees of cortical malformations including pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia, presumably caused by disruption of neuronal migration. Our data demonstrate that pathogenic variants in TUBGCP2 cause an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental trait consisting of a neuronal migration disorder, and our data implicate GCP2 as a core component of γ-TuRC in neuronal migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pawel Gawlinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, 01-211, Poland.
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8
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Frints SGM, Ozanturk A, Rodríguez Criado G, Grasshoff U, de Hoon B, Field M, Manouvrier-Hanu S, E Hickey S, Kammoun M, Gripp KW, Bauer C, Schroeder C, Toutain A, Mihalic Mosher T, Kelly BJ, White P, Dufke A, Rentmeester E, Moon S, Koboldt DC, van Roozendaal KEP, Hu H, Haas SA, Ropers HH, Murray L, Haan E, Shaw M, Carroll R, Friend K, Liebelt J, Hobson L, De Rademaeker M, Geraedts J, Fryns JP, Vermeesch J, Raynaud M, Riess O, Gribnau J, Katsanis N, Devriendt K, Bauer P, Gecz J, Golzio C, Gontan C, Kalscheuer VM. Pathogenic variants in E3 ubiquitin ligase RLIM/RNF12 lead to a syndromic X-linked intellectual disability and behavior disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1748-1768. [PMID: 29728705 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RLIM, also known as RNF12, is an X-linked E3 ubiquitin ligase acting as a negative regulator of LIM-domain containing transcription factors and participates in X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in mice. We report the genetic and clinical findings of 84 individuals from nine unrelated families, eight of whom who have pathogenic variants in RLIM (RING finger LIM domain-interacting protein). A total of 40 affected males have X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and variable behavioral anomalies with or without congenital malformations. In contrast, 44 heterozygous female carriers have normal cognition and behavior, but eight showed mild physical features. All RLIM variants identified are missense changes co-segregating with the phenotype and predicted to affect protein function. Eight of the nine altered amino acids are conserved and lie either within a domain essential for binding interacting proteins or in the C-terminal RING finger catalytic domain. In vitro experiments revealed that these amino acid changes in the RLIM RING finger impaired RLIM ubiquitin ligase activity. In vivo experiments in rlim mutant zebrafish showed that wild type RLIM rescued the zebrafish rlim phenotype, whereas the patient-specific missense RLIM variants failed to rescue the phenotype and thus represent likely severe loss-of-function mutations. In summary, we identified a spectrum of RLIM missense variants causing syndromic XLID and affecting the ubiquitin ligase activity of RLIM, suggesting that enzymatic activity of RLIM is required for normal development, cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna G M Frints
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Aysegul Ozanturk
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Bas de Hoon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Field
- GOLD (Genetics of Learning and Disability) Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Sylvie Manouvrier-Hanu
- Clinique de Génétique médicale Guy Fontaine, Centre de référence maladies rares Anomalies du développement Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, 59000, France.,EA 7364 RADEME Maladies Rares du Développement et du Métabolisme, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Scott E Hickey
- Division of Molecular & Human Genetics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Molka Kammoun
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Nemours, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Claudia Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Christopher Schroeder
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Annick Toutain
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHU de Tours, Tours, 37044, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, 37032, France
| | - Theresa Mihalic Mosher
- Division of Molecular & Human Genetics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.,The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Benjamin J Kelly
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Peter White
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.,The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Andreas Dufke
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Eveline Rentmeester
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sungjin Moon
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.,The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Kees E P van Roozendaal
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan A Haas
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Lucinda Murray
- GOLD (Genetics of Learning and Disability) Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women's and Children's Hospital), North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Marie Shaw
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renee Carroll
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Jan Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology (at Women's and Children's Hospital), North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Lynne Hobson
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Marjan De Rademaeker
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joep Geraedts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, GROW, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Fryns
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Martine Raynaud
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHU de Tours, Tours, 37044, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, 37032, France
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Cristina Gontan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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9
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Jensen LR, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Rathkolb B, Rácz I, Adler T, Prehn C, Hans W, Rozman J, Becker L, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Puk O, Moreth K, Dopatka M, Walther DJ, von Bohlen und Halbach V, Rath M, Delatycki M, Bert B, Fink H, Blümlein K, Ralser M, Van Dijck A, Kooy F, Stark Z, Müller S, Scherthan H, Gecz J, Wurst W, Wolf E, Zimmer A, Klingenspor M, Graw J, Klopstock T, Busch D, Adamski J, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Ropers HH, Kuss AW. A mouse model for intellectual disability caused by mutations in the X-linked 2′‑O‑methyltransferase Ftsj1 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2083-2093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Hu H, Kahrizi K, Musante L, Fattahi Z, Herwig R, Hosseini M, Oppitz C, Abedini SS, Suckow V, Larti F, Beheshtian M, Lipkowitz B, Akhtarkhavari T, Mehvari S, Otto S, Mohseni M, Arzhangi S, Jamali P, Mojahedi F, Taghdiri M, Papari E, Soltani Banavandi MJ, Akbari S, Tonekaboni SH, Dehghani H, Ebrahimpour MR, Bader I, Davarnia B, Cohen M, Khodaei H, Albrecht B, Azimi S, Zirn B, Bastami M, Wieczorek D, Bahrami G, Keleman K, Vahid LN, Tzschach A, Gärtner J, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Varaghchi JR, Timmermann B, Pourfatemi F, Jankhah A, Chen W, Nikuei P, Kalscheuer VM, Oladnabi M, Wienker TF, Ropers HH, Najmabadi H. Genetics of intellectual disability in consanguineous families. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1027-1039. [PMID: 29302074 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive (AR) gene defects are the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) in countries with frequent parental consanguinity, which account for about 1/7th of the world population. Yet, compared to autosomal dominant de novo mutations, which are the predominant cause of ID in Western countries, the identification of AR-ID genes has lagged behind. Here, we report on whole exome and whole genome sequencing in 404 consanguineous predominantly Iranian families with two or more affected offspring. In 219 of these, we found likely causative variants, involving 77 known and 77 novel AR-ID (candidate) genes, 21 X-linked genes, as well as 9 genes previously implicated in diseases other than ID. This study, the largest of its kind published to date, illustrates that high-throughput DNA sequencing in consanguineous families is a superior strategy for elucidating the thousands of hitherto unknown gene defects underlying AR-ID, and it sheds light on their prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Cornelia Oppitz
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Larti
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | | | - Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mehvari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Sabine Otto
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Payman Jamali
- Shahrood Genetic Counseling Center, Welfare Office, Semnan, 36156, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mojahedi
- Mashhad Medical Genetic Counseling Center, Mashhad, 91767, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdiri
- Shiraz Genetic Counseling Center, Welfare Office, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Papari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | | | - Saeide Akbari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni
- Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 15468, Iran
| | - Hossein Dehghani
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ebrahimpour
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Ingrid Bader
- Kinderzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Behzad Davarnia
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Monika Cohen
- Children's Center Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hossein Khodaei
- Meybod Genetics Research Center, Welfare Organization, Yazd, 89651, Iran
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Azimi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Birgit Zirn
- Genetikum Counseling Center, 70173, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Milad Bastami
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Krystyna Keleman
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030, Vienna, Austria.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Leila Nouri Vahid
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- University Medical Center, Georg August University Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Timmermann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Aria Jankhah
- Shiraz Genetic Counseling Center, Shiraz, 71346, Iran
| | - Wei Chen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pooneh Nikuei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Oladnabi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 19857, Iran. .,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Centre, Tehran, 14667-13713, Iran.
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11
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Beheshtian M, Fattahi Z, Fadaee M, Vazehan R, Jamali P, Parsimehr E, Kamgar M, Zonooz MF, Mahdavi SS, Kalhor Z, Arzhangi S, Abedini SS, Kermani FS, Mojahedi F, Kalscheuer VM, Ropers HH, Kariminejad A, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K. Identification of disease-causing variants in the EXOSC gene family underlying autosomal recessive intellectual disability in Iranian families. Clin Genet 2019; 95:718-725. [PMID: 30950035 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability (ID) can arise from numerous genetic defects. To date, variants in the EXOSC gene family have been associated with such disorders. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), known and novel variants in this gene family causing autosomal recessive ID (ARID) have been identified in five Iranian families. By collecting clinical information on these families and comparing their phenotypes with previously reported patients, we further describe the clinical variability of ARID resulting from alterations in the EXOSC gene family, and emphasize the role of RNA processing dysregulation in ARID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahsa Fadaee
- Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Raheleh Vazehan
- Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Elham Parsimehr
- Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kamgar
- Comprehensive Medical Genetics Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Zahra Kalhor
- Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sedigheh Abedini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sabbagh Kermani
- Clinical Research Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariana Kariminejad
- Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Kahrizi K, Huber M, Galetzka D, Dewi S, Schröder J, Weis E, Kariminejad A, Fattahi Z, Ropers HH, Schweiger S, Najmabadi H, Winter J. Homozygous variants in the gene SCAPER cause syndromic intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1214-1225. [PMID: 31069901 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The S-Phase Cyclin A Associated Protein In The ER (SCAPER) gene is a ubiquitously expressed gene with unknown function in the brain. Recently, biallelic SCAPER variants were described in four patients from three families with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants in SCAPER and report on 10 further patients from four families with ID, RP, and additional dysmorphic features carrying homozygous variants in SCAPER. The variants found comprise frameshift, nonsense, and missense variants as well as an intragenic homozygous deletion, which spans SCAPER exons 15 and 16 and introduces a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Analyses of SCAPER expression in human and mouse brain revealed an upregulation of SCAPER expression during cortical development and a higher expression of SCAPER in neurons compared to neural progenitors. In the adult brain SCAPER is expressed in several regions including the cerebral cortex where it shows a layer-specific expression with an expression peak in lower layer glutamatergic neurons. Our study supports the role of SCAPER variants in the pathogenesis of ID and RP, expands the variant spectrum and highlights the need for functional studies concerning the role of SCAPER during brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mareike Huber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sri Dewi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Weis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ariana Kariminejad
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoherh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program of Translational Neurosciences of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jennifer Winter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Focus Program of Translational Neurosciences of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Kazeminasab S, Taskiran II, Fattahi Z, Bazazzadegan N, Hosseini M, Rahimi M, Oladnabi M, Haddadi M, Celik A, Ropers HH, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K. CNKSR1 gene defect can cause syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:691-699. [PMID: 30450701 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has led to an exponential increase in the identification of novel disease-causing genes in highly heterogeneous diseases. A novel frameshift mutation in CNKSR1 gene was detected by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in an Iranian family with syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID). CNKSR1 encodes a connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1, which acts as a scaffold component for receptor tyrosine kinase in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. CNKSR1 interacts with proteins which have already been shown to be associated with intellectual disability (ID) in the MAPK signaling pathway and promotes cell migration through RhoA-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Lack of CNKSR1 transcripts and protein was observed in lymphoblastoid cells derived from affected patients using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of cnk, the CNKSR1 orthologue in Drosophila melanogaster brain, led to defects in eye and mushroom body (MB) structures. In conclusion, our findings support the possible role of CNKSR1 in brain development which can lead to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Bazazzadegan
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Oladnabi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Arzu Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kahrizi K, Hu H, Hosseini M, Kalscheuer VM, Fattahi Z, Beheshtian M, Suckow V, Mohseni M, Lipkowitz B, Mehvari S, Mehrjoo Z, Akhtarkhavari T, Ghaderi Z, Rahimi M, Arzhangi S, Jamali P, Falahat Chian M, Nikuei P, Sabbagh Kermani F, Sadeghinia F, Jazayeri R, Tonekaboni SH, Khoshaeen A, Habibi H, Pourfatemi F, Mojahedi F, Khodaie-Ardakani MR, Najafipour R, Wienker TF, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH. Effect of inbreeding on intellectual disability revisited by trio sequencing. Clin Genet 2018; 95:151-159. [PMID: 30315573 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In outbred Western populations, most individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are sporadic cases, dominant de novo mutations (DNM) are frequent, and autosomal recessive ID (ARID) is very rare. Because of the high rate of parental consanguinity, which raises the risk for ARID and other recessive disorders, the prevalence of ID is significantly higher in near- and middle-east countries. Indeed, homozygosity mapping and sequencing in consanguineous families have already identified a plethora of ARID genes, but because of the design of these studies, DNMs could not be systematically assessed, and the proportion of cases that are potentially preventable by avoiding consanguineous marriages or through carrier testing is hitherto unknown. This prompted us to perform whole-exome sequencing in 100 sporadic ID patients from Iran and their healthy consanguineous parents. In 61 patients, we identified apparently causative changes in known ID genes. Of these, 44 were homozygous recessive and 17 dominant DNMs. Assuming that the DNM rate is stable, these results suggest that parental consanguinity raises the ID risk about 3.6-fold, and about 4.1 to 4.25-fold for children of first-cousin unions. These results do not rhyme with recent opinions that consanguinity-related health risks are generally small and have been "overstated" in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masoumeh Hosseini
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Mehvari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mehrjoo
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tara Akhtarkhavari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhila Ghaderi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Jamali
- Shahrood Genetic Counseling Center, Welfare Office, Semnan, Iran
| | - Milad Falahat Chian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Nikuei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Sadeghinia
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Jazayeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetic and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Hassan Tonekaboni
- Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Habibi
- Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Reza Najafipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Genetic Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, University Medicine Mainz, Germany
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15
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Ravindran E, Hu H, Yuzwa SA, Hernandez-Miranda LR, Kraemer N, Ninnemann O, Musante L, Boltshauser E, Schindler D, Hübner A, Reinecker HC, Ropers HH, Birchmeier C, Miller FD, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Kaindl AM. Homozygous ARHGEF2 mutation causes intellectual disability and midbrain-hindbrain malformation. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006746. [PMID: 28453519 PMCID: PMC5428974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-hindbrain malformations can occur during embryogenesis through a disturbance of transient and localized gene expression patterns within these distinct brain structures. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARHGEF) family members are key for controlling the spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPase, to modulate cytoskeleton dynamics, cell division, and cell migration. We identified, by means of whole exome sequencing, a homozygous frameshift mutation in the ARHGEF2 as a cause of intellectual disability, a midbrain-hindbrain malformation, and mild microcephaly in a consanguineous pedigree of Kurdish-Turkish descent. We show that loss of ARHGEF2 perturbs progenitor cell differentiation and that this is associated with a shift of mitotic spindle plane orientation, putatively favoring more symmetric divisions. The ARHGEF2 mutation leads to reduction in the activation of the RhoA/ROCK/MLC pathway crucial for cell migration. We demonstrate that the human brain malformation is recapitulated in Arhgef2 mutant mice and identify an aberrant migration of distinct components of the precerebellar system as a pathomechanism underlying the midbrain-hindbrain phenotype. Our results highlight the crucial function of ARHGEF2 in human brain development and identify a mutation in ARHGEF2 as novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott A. Yuzwa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Kraemer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Hübner
- Pediatrics, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Freda D. Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hu H, Hübner C, Lukacs Z, Musante L, Gill E, Wienker TF, Ropers HH, Knierim E, Schuelke M. Klüver-Bucy syndrome associated with a recessive variant in HGSNAT in two siblings with Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (Sanfilippo C). Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:253-256. [PMID: 27827379 PMCID: PMC5255949 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Klüver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) comprises a set of neurobehavioral symptoms with psychic blindness, hypersexuality, disinhibition, hyperorality, and hypermetamorphosis that were originally observed after bilateral lobectomy in Rhesus monkeys. We investigated two siblings with KBS from a consanguineous family by whole-exome sequencing and autozygosity mapping. We detected a homozygous variant in the heparan-α-glucosaminidase-N-acetyltransferase gene (HGSNAT; c.518G>A, p.(G173D), NCBI ClinVar RCV000239404.1), which segregated with the phenotype. Disease-causing variants in this gene are known to be associated with autosomal recessive Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPSIIIC, Sanfilippo C). This lysosomal storage disease is due to deficiency of the acetyl-CoA:α-glucosaminidase-N-acetyltransferase, which was shown to be reduced in patient fibroblasts. Our report extends the phenotype associated with MPSIIIC. Besides MPSIIIA and MPSIIIB, due to variants in SGSH and NAGLU, this is the third subtype of Sanfilippo disease to be associated with KBS. MPSIII should be included in the differential diagnosis of young patients with KBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Lukacs
- Metabolic Unit, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Gill
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ellen Knierim
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Hartmann B, Wai T, Hu H, MacVicar T, Musante L, Fischer-Zirnsak B, Stenzel W, Gräf R, van den Heuvel L, Ropers HH, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Langer T, Kaindl AM. Homozygous YME1L1 mutation causes mitochondriopathy with optic atrophy and mitochondrial network fragmentation. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27495975 PMCID: PMC4991934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondriopathies often present clinically as multisystemic disorders of primarily high-energy consuming organs. Assembly, turnover, and surveillance of mitochondrial proteins are essential for mitochondrial function and a key task of AAA family members of metalloproteases. We identified a homozygous mutation in the nuclear encoded mitochondrial escape 1-like 1 gene YME1L1, member of the AAA protease family, as a cause of a novel mitochondriopathy in a consanguineous pedigree of Saudi Arabian descent. The homozygous missense mutation, located in a highly conserved region in the mitochondrial pre-sequence, inhibits cleavage of YME1L1 by the mitochondrial processing peptidase, which culminates in the rapid degradation of YME1L1 precursor protein. Impaired YME1L1 function causes a proliferation defect and mitochondrial network fragmentation due to abnormal processing of OPA1. Our results identify mutations in YME1L1 as a cause of a mitochondriopathy with optic nerve atrophy highlighting the importance of YME1L1 for mitochondrial functionality in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hartmann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy Wai
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas MacVicar
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Fischer-Zirnsak
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Institut of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Gräf
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lambert van den Heuvel
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Nakagawa T, Bahi-Buisson N, Haas SA, Hu H, Bienek M, Vissers LELM, Gilissen C, Tzschach A, Busche A, Müsebeck J, Rump P, Mathijssen IB, Avela K, Somer M, Doagu F, Philips AK, Rauch A, Baumer A, Voesenek K, Poirier K, Vigneron J, Amram D, Odent S, Nawara M, Obersztyn E, Lenart J, Charzewska A, Lebrun N, Fischer U, Nillesen WM, Yntema HG, Järvelä I, Ropers HH, de Vries BBA, Brunner HG, van Bokhoven H, Raymond FL, Willemsen MAAP, Chelly J, Xiong Y, Barkovich AJ, Kalscheuer VM, Kleefstra T, de Brouwer APM. Variants in CUL4B are associated with cerebral malformations. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:106-17. [PMID: 25385192 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Variants in cullin 4B (CUL4B) are a known cause of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability. Here, we describe an additional 25 patients from 11 families with variants in CUL4B. We identified nine different novel variants in these families and confirmed the pathogenicity of all nontruncating variants. Neuroimaging data, available for 15 patients, showed the presence of cerebral malformations in ten patients. The cerebral anomalies comprised malformations of cortical development (MCD), ventriculomegaly, and diminished white matter volume. The phenotypic heterogeneity of the cerebral malformations might result from the involvement of CUL-4B in various cellular pathways essential for normal brain development. Accordingly, we show that CUL-4B interacts with WDR62, a protein in which variants were previously identified in patients with microcephaly and a wide range of MCD. This interaction might contribute to the development of cerebral malformations in patients with variants in CUL4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke T Vulto-van Silfhout
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Iqbal Z, Püttmann L, Musante L, Razzaq A, Zahoor MY, Hu H, Wienker TF, Garshasbi M, Fattahi Z, Gilissen C, Vissers LELM, de Brouwer APM, Veltman JA, Pfundt R, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH, Riazuddin S, Kahrizi K, van Bokhoven H. Missense variants in AIMP1 gene are implicated in autosomal recessive intellectual disability without neurodegeneration. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:392-9. [PMID: 26173967 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMP1/p43 is a multifunctional non-catalytic component of the multisynthetase complex. The complex consists of nine catalytic and three non-catalytic proteins, which catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNA isoacceptors for use in protein translation. To date, two allelic variants in the AIMP1 gene have been reported as the underlying cause of autosomal recessive primary neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we present two consanguineous families from Pakistan and Iran, presenting with moderate to severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, and speech impairment without neurodegeneration. By the combination of homozygosity mapping and next generation sequencing, we identified two homozygous missense variants, p.(Gly299Arg) and p.(Val176Gly), in the gene AIMP1 that co-segregated with the phenotype in the respective families. Molecular modeling of the variants revealed deleterious effects on the protein structure that are predicted to result in reduced AIMP1 function. Our findings indicate that the clinical spectrum for AIMP1 defects is broader than witnessed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Püttmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Attia Razzaq
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Zahoor
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hao Hu
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Brunner H, Schröder C, Monnens L, Veerkamp J, Ropers HH. Alport's syndrome: localization of the X-chromosomal gene and consequences for future investigations. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 67:200-5. [PMID: 3208529 DOI: 10.1159/000415402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, St. Radboud Hospital, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Adegbola A, Musante L, Callewaert B, Maciel P, Hu H, Isidor B, Picker-Minh S, Le Caignec C, Delle Chiaie B, Vanakker O, Menten B, Dheedene A, Bockaert N, Roelens F, Decaestecker K, Silva J, Soares G, Lopes F, Najmabadi H, Kahrizi K, Cox GF, Angus SP, Staropoli JF, Fischer U, Suckow V, Bartsch O, Chess A, Ropers HH, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Kaindl AM, Kalscheuer VM. Redefining the MED13L syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1308-17. [PMID: 25758992 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cardiac and neurodevelopmental deficits have been recently linked to the mediator complex subunit 13-like protein MED13L, a subunit of the CDK8-associated mediator complex that functions in transcriptional regulation through DNA-binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Heterozygous MED13L variants cause transposition of the great arteries and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we report eight patients with predominantly novel MED13L variants who lack such complex congenital heart malformations. Rather, they depict a syndromic form of ID characterized by facial dysmorphism, ID, speech impairment, motor developmental delay with muscular hypotonia and behavioral difficulties. We thereby define a novel syndrome and significantly broaden the clinical spectrum associated with MED13L variants. A prominent feature of the MED13L neurocognitive presentation is profound language impairment, often in combination with articulatory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Adegbola
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luciana Musante
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Genetique Medicale, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Picker-Minh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cedric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Genetique Medicale, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue Contre le Cancer 2012, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Bockaert
- Pediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Roelens
- Pediatrics Department, Heilig Hart Hospital, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | - João Silva
- Institute for Molecular and Celular Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Center for Medical Genetics Dr Jacinto Magalhães, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gerald F Cox
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Angus
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John F Staropoli
- Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Building 6, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrew Chess
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Hu H, Matter ML, Issa-Jahns L, Jijiwa M, Kraemer N, Musante L, de la Vega M, Ninnemann O, Schindler D, Damatova N, Eirich K, Sifringer M, Schrötter S, Eickholt BJ, van den Heuvel L, Casamina C, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Ropers HH, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Kaindl AM. Mutations in PTRH2 cause novel infantile-onset multisystem disease with intellectual disability, microcephaly, progressive ataxia, and muscle weakness. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:1024-35. [PMID: 25574476 PMCID: PMC4284127 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the cause of a so-far unreported phenotype of infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (IMNEPD). METHODS We characterized a consanguineous family of Yazidian-Turkish descent with IMNEPD. The two affected children suffer from intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, growth retardation, progressive ataxia, distal muscle weakness, peripheral demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy, sensorineural deafness, exocrine pancreas insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and show signs of liver fibrosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis and Sanger sequencing on affected and unaffected family members. The effect of mutations in the candidate gene was studied in wild-type and mutant mice and in patient and control fibroblasts. RESULTS In a consanguineous family with two individuals with IMNEPD, we identified a homozygous frameshift mutation in the previously not disease-associated peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 2 (PTRH2) gene. PTRH2 encodes a primarily mitochondrial protein involved in integrin-mediated cell survival and apoptosis signaling. We show that PTRH2 is highly expressed in the developing brain and is a key determinant in maintaining cell survival during human tissue development. Moreover, we link PTRH2 to the mTOR pathway and thus the control of cell size. The pathology suggested by the human phenotype and neuroimaging studies is supported by analysis of mutant mice and patient fibroblasts. INTERPRETATION We report a novel disease phenotype, show that the genetic cause is a homozygous mutation in the PTRH2 gene, and demonstrate functional effects in mouse and human tissues. Mutations in PTRH2 should be considered in patients with undiagnosed multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lina Issa-Jahns
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mayumi Jijiwa
- The University of Hawaii Cancer Center Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nadine Kraemer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Damatova
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Eirich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Sifringer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Schrötter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence Neurocure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta J Eickholt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence Neurocure, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Lambert van den Heuvel
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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23
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Minocherhomji S, Hansen C, Kim HG, Mang Y, Bak M, Guldberg P, Papadopoulos N, Eiberg H, Doh GD, Møllgård K, Hertz JM, Nielsen JE, Ropers HH, Tümer Z, Tommerup N, Kalscheuer VM, Silahtaroglu A. Epigenetic remodelling and dysregulation of DLGAP4 is linked with early-onset cerebellar ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6163-76. [PMID: 24986922 PMCID: PMC4222360 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome instability, epigenetic remodelling and structural chromosomal rearrangements are hallmarks of cancer. However, the coordinated epigenetic effects of constitutional chromosomal rearrangements that disrupt genes associated with congenital neurodevelopmental diseases are poorly understood. To understand the genetic-epigenetic interplay at breakpoints of chromosomal translocations disrupting CG-rich loci, we quantified epigenetic modifications at DLGAP4 (SAPAP4), a key post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) associated gene, truncated by the chromosome translocation t(8;20)(p12;q11.23), co-segregating with cerebellar ataxia in a five-generation family. We report significant epigenetic remodelling of the DLGAP4 locus triggered by the t(8;20)(p12;q11.23) translocation and leading to dysregulation of DLGAP4 expression in affected carriers. Disruption of DLGAP4 results in monoallelic hypermethylation of the truncated DLGAP4 promoter CpG island. This induced hypermethylation is maintained in somatic cells of carriers across several generations in a t(8;20) dependent-manner however, is erased in the germ cells of the translocation carriers. Subsequently, chromatin remodelling of the locus-perturbed monoallelic expression of DLGAP4 mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in haploid cells having the translocation. Our results provide new mechanistic insight into the way a balanced chromosomal rearrangement associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder perturbs allele-specific epigenetic mechanisms at breakpoints leading to the deregulation of the truncated locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Claus Hansen
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yuan Mang
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Mads Bak
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Per Guldberg
- Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Biology, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Hans Eiberg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Gerald Dayebga Doh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Jens Michael Hertz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Section for Neurogenetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark and
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup DK-2600, Denmark
| | - Niels Tommerup
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Asli Silahtaroglu
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark,
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24
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Thorwarth A, Schnittert-Hübener S, Schrumpf P, Müller I, Jyrch S, Dame C, Biebermann H, Kleinau G, Katchanov J, Schuelke M, Ebert G, Steininger A, Bönnemann C, Brockmann K, Christen HJ, Crock P, deZegher F, Griese M, Hewitt J, Ivarsson S, Hübner C, Kapelari K, Plecko B, Rating D, Stoeva I, Ropers HH, Grüters A, Ullmann R, Krude H. Comprehensive genotyping and clinical characterisation reveal 27 novel NKX2-1 mutations and expand the phenotypic spectrum. J Med Genet 2014; 51:375-87. [PMID: 24714694 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKX2-1 encodes a transcription factor with large impact on the development of brain, lung and thyroid. Germline mutations of NKX2-1 can lead to dysfunction and malformations of these organs. Starting from the largest coherent collection of patients with a suspected phenotype to date, we systematically evaluated frequency, quality and spectrum of phenotypic consequences of NKX2-1 mutations. METHODS After identifying mutations by Sanger sequencing and array CGH, we comprehensively reanalysed the phenotype of affected patients and their relatives. We employed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to detect alterations of NKX2-1 DNA binding. Gene expression was monitored by means of in situ hybridisation and compared with the expression level of MBIP, a candidate gene presumably involved in the disorders and closely located in close genomic proximity to NKX2-1. RESULTS Within 101 index patients, we detected 17 point mutations and 10 deletions. Neurological symptoms were the most consistent finding (100%), followed by lung affection (78%) and thyroidal dysfunction (75%). Novel symptoms associated with NKX2-1 mutations comprise abnormal height, bouts of fever and cardiac septum defects. In contrast to previous reports, our data suggest that missense mutations in the homeodomain of NKX2-1 not necessarily modify its DNA binding capacity and that this specific type of mutations may be associated with mild pulmonary phenotypes such as asthma. Two deletions did not include NKX2-1, but MBIP, whose expression spatially and temporarily coincides with NKX2-1 in early murine development. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of NKX2-1 mutations strongly recommends the routine screen for mutations in patients with corresponding symptoms. However, this analysis should not be confined to the exonic sequence alone, but should take advantage of affordable NGS technology to expand the target to adjacent regulatory sequences and the NKX2-1 interactome in order to maximise the yield of this diagnostic effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thorwarth
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schnittert-Hübener
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Schrumpf
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Jyrch
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Dame
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Katchanov
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Ebert
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Steininger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Department for Neuropediatrics, Children's and Youth Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Crock
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Francis deZegher
- Department of Woman and Child, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hewitt
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sten Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Childrens Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietz Rating
- Department for Neuropediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iva Stoeva
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Screening and Functional Endocrine Diagnostics, University Paediatric Hospital, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Annette Grüters
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Krude
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Hu H, Suckow V, Musante L, Roggenkamp V, Kraemer N, Ropers HH, Hübner C, Wienker TF, Kaindl AM. Previously reported new type of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly is caused by compound heterozygous ASPM gene mutations. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1650-1. [PMID: 24691052 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Suckow
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Roggenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Kraemer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Angela M Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin, Germany
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26
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Lesca G, Moizard MP, Bussy G, Boggio D, Hu H, Haas SA, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM, Des Portes V, Labalme A, Sanlaville D, Edery P, Raynaud M, Lespinasse J. Clinical and neurocognitive characterization of a family with a novel MED12 gene frameshift mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:3063-71. [PMID: 24039113 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
FG syndrome, Lujan syndrome, and Ohdo syndrome, the Maat-Kievit-Brunner type, have been described as distinct syndromes with overlapping non-specific features and different missense mutations of the MED12 gene have been reported in all of them. We report a family including 10 males and 1 female affected with profound non-specific intellectual disability (ID) which was linked to a 30-cM region extending from Xp11.21 (ALAS2) to Xq22.3 (COL4A5). Parallel sequencing of all X-chromosome exons identified a frameshift mutation (c.5898dupC) of MED12. Mutated mRNA was not affected by non-sense mediated RNA decay and induced an additional abnormal isoform due to activation of cryptic splice-sites in exon 41. Dysmorphic features common to most affected males were long narrow face, high forehead, flat malar area, high nasal bridge, and short philtrum. Language was absent or very limited. Most patients had a friendly personality. Cognitive impairment, varying from borderline to profound ID was similarly observed in seven heterozygous females. There was no correlation between cognitive function and X-chromosome inactivation profiles in blood cells. The severe degree of ID in male patients, as well as variable cognitive impairment in heterozygous females suggests that the duplication observed in the present family may have a more severe effect on MED12 function than missense mutations. In a cognitively impaired male from this family, who also presented with tall stature and dysmorphism and did not have the MED12 mutation, a 600-kb duplication at 17p13.3 including the YWHAE gene, was found in a mosaic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Génétique and Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, TIGER Team, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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27
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Püttmann L, Stehr H, Garshasbi M, Hu H, Kahrizi K, Lipkowitz B, Jamali P, Tzschach A, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH, Musante L, Kuss AW. A novelALDH5A1mutation is associated with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and severe intellectual disability in an Iranian family. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1915-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henning Stehr
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Bettina Lipkowitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
| | | | - Andreas Tzschach
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; Tehran; Iran
| | - Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Berlin; Germany
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28
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Starokadomskyy P, Gluck N, Li H, Chen B, Wallis M, Maine GN, Mao X, Zaidi IW, Hein MY, McDonald FJ, Lenzner S, Zecha A, Ropers HH, Kuss AW, McGaughran J, Gecz J, Burstein E. CCDC22 deficiency in humans blunts activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2244-56. [PMID: 23563313 DOI: 10.1172/jci66466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a master regulator of inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune disorders and cancer. Its regulation involves a variety of steps, including the controlled degradation of inhibitory IκB proteins. In addition, the inactivation of DNA-bound NF-κB is essential for its regulation. This step requires a factor known as copper metabolism Murr1 domain-containing 1 (COMMD1), the prototype member of a conserved gene family. While COMMD proteins have been linked to the ubiquitination pathway, little else is known about other family members. Here we demonstrate that all COMMD proteins bind to CCDC22, a factor recently implicated in X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). We showed that an XLID-associated CCDC22 mutation decreased CCDC22 protein expression and impaired its binding to COMMD proteins. Moreover, some affected individuals displayed ectodermal dysplasia, a congenital condition that can result from developmental NF-κB blockade. Indeed, patient-derived cells demonstrated impaired NF-κB activation due to decreased IκB ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, we found that COMMD8 acted in conjunction with CCDC22 to direct the degradation of IκB proteins. Taken together, our results indicate that CCDC22 participates in NF-κB activation and that its deficiency leads to decreased IκB turnover in humans, highlighting an important regulatory component of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Starokadomskyy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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29
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Huang L, Jolly LA, Willis-Owen S, Gardner A, Kumar R, Douglas E, Shoubridge C, Wieczorek D, Tzschach A, Cohen M, Hackett A, Field M, Froyen G, Hu H, Haas SA, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM, Corbett MA, Gecz J. A noncoding, regulatory mutation implicates HCFC1 in nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:694-702. [PMID: 23000143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mutations causing human disease has so far been biased toward protein-coding regions. Having excluded all annotated coding regions, we performed targeted massively parallel resequencing of the nonrepetitive genomic linkage interval at Xq28 of family MRX3. We identified in the binding site of transcription factor YY1 a regulatory mutation that leads to overexpression of the chromatin-associated transcriptional regulator HCFC1. When tested on embryonic murine neural stem cells and embryonic hippocampal neurons, HCFC1 overexpression led to a significant increase of the production of astrocytes and a considerable reduction in neurite growth. Two other nonsynonymous, potentially deleterious changes have been identified by X-exome sequencing in individuals with intellectual disability, implicating HCFC1 in normal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Huang
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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30
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Hucho T, Suckow V, Joseph EK, Kuhn J, Schmoranzer J, Dina OA, Chen X, Karst M, Bernateck M, Levine JD, Ropers HH. Ca++/CaMKII switches nociceptor-sensitizing stimuli into desensitizing stimuli. J Neurochem 2012; 123:589-601. [PMID: 22891703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many extracellular factors sensitize nociceptors. Often they act simultaneously and/or sequentially on nociceptive neurons. We investigated if stimulation of the protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) signaling pathway influences the signaling of a subsequent sensitizing stimulus. Central in activation of PKCs is their transient translocation to cellular membranes. We found in cultured nociceptive neurons that only a first stimulation of the PKCε signaling pathway resulted in PKCε translocation. We identified a novel inhibitory cascade to branch off upstream of PKCε, but downstream of Epac via IP3-induced calcium release. This signaling branch actively inhibited subsequent translocation and even attenuated ongoing translocation. A second 'sensitizing' stimulus was rerouted from the sensitizing to the inhibitory branch of the signaling cascade. Central for the rerouting was cytoplasmic calcium increase and CaMKII activation. Accordingly, in behavioral experiments, activation of calcium stores switched sensitizing substances into desensitizing substances in a CaMKII-dependent manner. This mechanism was also observed by in vivo C-fiber electrophysiology corroborating the peripheral location of the switch. Thus, we conclude that the net effect of signaling in nociceptors is defined by the context of the individual cell's signaling history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hucho
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Kim HG, Kim HT, Leach NT, Lan F, Ullmann R, Silahtaroglu A, Kurth I, Nowka A, Seong IS, Shen Y, Talkowski ME, Ruderfer D, Lee JH, Glotzbach C, Ha K, Kjaergaard S, Levin AV, Romeike BF, Kleefstra T, Bartsch O, Elsea SH, Jabs EW, MacDonald ME, Harris DJ, Quade BJ, Ropers HH, Shaffer LG, Kutsche K, Layman LC, Tommerup N, Kalscheuer VM, Shi Y, Morton CC, Kim CH, Gusella JF. Translocations disrupting PHF21A in the Potocki-Shaffer-syndrome region are associated with intellectual disability and craniofacial anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:56-72. [PMID: 22770980 PMCID: PMC3397276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS) is a contiguous gene disorder due to the interstitial deletion of band p11.2 of chromosome 11 and is characterized by multiple exostoses, parietal foramina, intellectual disability (ID), and craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). Despite the identification of individual genes responsible for multiple exostoses and parietal foramina in PSS, the identity of the gene(s) associated with the ID and CFA phenotypes has remained elusive. Through characterization of independent subjects with balanced translocations and supportive comparative deletion mapping of PSS subjects, we have uncovered evidence that the ID and CFA phenotypes are both caused by haploinsufficiency of a single gene, PHF21A, at 11p11.2. PHF21A encodes a plant homeodomain finger protein whose murine and zebrafish orthologs are both expressed in a manner consistent with a function in neurofacial and craniofacial development, and suppression of the latter led to both craniofacial abnormalities and neuronal apoptosis. Along with lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), PHF21A, also known as BHC80, is a component of the BRAF-histone deacetylase complex that represses target-gene transcription. In lymphoblastoid cell lines from two translocation subjects in whom PHF21A was directly disrupted by the respective breakpoints, we observed derepression of the neuronal gene SCN3A and reduced LSD1 occupancy at the SCN3A promoter, supporting a direct functional consequence of PHF21A haploinsufficiency on transcriptional regulation. Our finding that disruption of PHF21A by translocations in the PSS region is associated with ID adds to the growing list of ID-associated genes that emphasize the critical role of transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling in normal brain development and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Goo Kim
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA.
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32
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Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have greatly accelerated the molecular elucidation of Mendelian disorders, and affordable NGS-based diagnostic tests are around the corner that promise to detect or rule out mutations in specific subsets of the known disease genes. Whole exome sequencing and shortly afterwards whole genome sequencing (WGS) will become an even more comprehensive alternative to such targeted tests. In view of the current enthusiasm to implement these methods, but also given their rapidly dropping costs, it is quite possible that WGS will soon be adopted as universal intake test in Clinical Genetics. Central databases and large-scale genotype-phenotype comparisons will be required to progressively identify the clinically relevant sequence variants and to distinguish them from neutral polymorphisms in the human genome, and these databases will become indispensable for the interpretation of individual genome sequences. In this scenario, there will be massively growing demand for genetic counselling, but the need for experienced syndromologists will not increase proportionally, as the success of the diagnostic process will become far less dependent on the ability of clinical geneticists to reliably recognize genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195, Berlin, Germany,
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33
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Strobl-Wildemann G, Kalscheuer VM, Hu H, Wrogemann K, Ropers HH, Tzschach A. Novel GDI1 mutation in a large family with nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:3067-70. [PMID: 22002931 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a heterogeneous disorder, and mutations in more than 90 genes have been associated with XLID to date. We report on a large multi-generational German family in which the affected male family members had nonsyndromic intellectual disability, that is, they had neither abnormal body measurements nor any other significant clinical problems. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a frameshift mutation in GDI1 (c.1185_1186delAG; Ser396ProfsX15) that co-segregated with the disease. GDI1 encodes for the GDP-dissociation inhibitor alpha (αGDI), a protein involved in the regulation of the activity of Rab GTPases. Only three families with GDI1 mutations have been reported so far. The present family supports the lack of additional phenotypic features in patients with GDI1 mutations, rendering a clinical diagnosis of GDI1-associated XLID impossible. Thus, this family not only broadens the spectrum of GDI1 mutations but also emphasizes the need for parallel testing of all known genes associated with ID in patients with an unspecific phenotype.
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34
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Cingöz S, Bache I, Bjerglund L, Ropers HH, Tommerup N, Jensen H, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Tümer Z. Interstitial deletion of 14q24.3-q32.2 in a male patient with plagiocephaly, BPES features, developmental delay, and congenital heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:203-6. [PMID: 21204233 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Distal interstitial deletions of chromosome 14 involving the 14q24-q23.2 region are rare, and only been reported so far in 20 patients. Ten of these patients were analyzed both clinically and genetically. Here we present a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 14q24.3-q32.2 in a male patient with developmental delay, language impairment, plagiocephaly, BPES features (blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus), and congenital heart defect. The deletion breakpoints were fine mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the size of the deletion is estimated to be approximately 23 Mb. Based on genotype-phenotype comparisons of the 10 previously published patients and the present case, we suggest that the shortest regions for deletion overlap may include candidate genes for speech impairment, mental retardation, and hypotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Cingöz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Shafeghati Y, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H, Kuss AW, Ropers HH, Tzschach A. Brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia/hypoplasia syndrome (OMIM 609945): case report and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1535-9. [PMID: 20661588 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia/hypoplasia syndrome (OMIM 609945) is a rare congenital disorder. Only seven patients have been reported to date, and the etiology of this syndrome is unknown. Autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression has been suggested based on the presence of minor features in some parents and the fact that neither parental consanguinity nor pairs of affected siblings were observed. We report on the first patient with this syndrome who was born to consanguineous parents. Neither the mother nor the father, who were first cousins, had clinical features suggestive of a manifestation of brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia/hypoplasia syndrome. The patient had no siblings, and the family history was unremarkable. Clinical problems included brachydactyly of hands and feet, splaying of fingers and toes, preaxial polydactyly of feet, bilateral tibial aplasia, shortened radius and ulna, and characteristic facial dysmorphic signs. The detailed description of this patient adds to our knowledge of the clinical manifestations of brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia/hypoplasia syndrome and will eventually also contribute to the elucidation of the underlying gene defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Shafeghati
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Darvish H, Esmaeeli-Nieh S, Monajemi GB, Mohseni M, Ghasemi-Firouzabadi S, Abedini SS, Bahman I, Jamali P, Azimi S, Mojahedi F, Dehghan A, Shafeghati Y, Jankhah A, Falah M, Soltani Banavandi MJ, Ghani M, Ghani-Kakhi M, Garshasbi M, Rakhshani F, Naghavi A, Tzschach A, Neitzel H, Ropers HH, Kuss AW, Behjati F, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H. A clinical and molecular genetic study of 112 Iranian families with primary microcephaly. J Med Genet 2010; 47:823-8. [PMID: 20978018 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2009.076398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder showing an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Affected individuals present with head circumferences more than three SDs below the age- and sex-matched population mean, associated with mild to severe mental retardation. Five genes (MCPH1, CDK5RAP2, ASPM, CENPJ, STIL) and two genomic loci, MCPH2 and MCPH4, have been identified so far. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated all seven MCPH loci in patients with primary microcephaly from 112 Consanguineous Iranian families. In addition to a thorough clinical characterisation, karyotype analyses were performed for all patients. For Homozygosity mapping, microsatellite markers were selected for each locus and used for genotyping. Our investigation enabled us to detect homozygosity at MCPH1 (Microcephalin) in eight families, at MCPH5 (ASPM) in thirtheen families. Three families showed homozygosity at MCPH2 and five at MCPH6 (CENPJ), and two families were linked to MCPH7 (STIL). The remaining 81 families were not linked to any of the seven known loci. Subsequent sequencing revealed eight, 10 and one novel mutations in Microcephalin, ASPM and CENPJ, respectively. In some families, additional features such as short stature, seizures or congenital hearing loss were observed in the microcephalic patient, which widens the spectrum of clinical manifestations of mutations in known microcephaly genes. CONCLUSION Our results show that the molecular basis of microcephaly is heterogeneous; thus, the Iranian population may provide a unique source for the identification of further genes underlying this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Darvish
- Genetics Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Street, Daneshjo Ave, Tehran, Iran
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Kim HG, Ahn JW, Kurth I, Ullmann R, Kim HT, Kulharya A, Ha KS, Itokawa Y, Meliciani I, Wenzel W, Lee D, Rosenberger G, Ozata M, Bick DP, Sherins RJ, Nagase T, Tekin M, Kim SH, Kim CH, Ropers HH, Gusella JF, Kalscheuer V, Choi CY, Layman LC. WDR11, a WD protein that interacts with transcription factor EMX1, is mutated in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:465-79. [PMID: 20887964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By defining the chromosomal breakpoint of a balanced t(10;12) translocation from a subject with Kallmann syndrome and scanning genes in its vicinity in unrelated hypogonadal subjects, we have identified WDR11 as a gene involved in human puberty. We found six patients with a total of five different heterozygous WDR11 missense mutations, including three alterations (A435T, R448Q, and H690Q) in WD domains important for β propeller formation and protein-protein interaction. In addition, we discovered that WDR11 interacts with EMX1, a homeodomain transcription factor involved in the development of olfactory neurons, and that missense alterations reduce or abolish this interaction. Our findings suggest that impaired pubertal development in these patients results from a deficiency of productive WDR11 protein interaction.
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Kariminejad A, Kariminejad R, Tzschach A, Najafi H, Ahmed A, Ullmann R, Ropers HH, Kariminejad MH. 11q14.1-11q22.1 deletion in a 1-year-old male with minor dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2651-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Tzschach A, Menzel C, Erdogan F, Istifli ES, Rieger M, Ovens-Raeder A, Macke A, Ropers HH, Ullmann R, Kalscheuer V. Characterization of an interstitial 4q32 deletion in a patient with mental retardation and a complex chromosome rearrangement. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1008-12. [PMID: 20358617 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of chromosome band 4q32 are rare. We report on a 22-year-old female patient with a de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 4q32 and a balanced translocation t(2;5)(p21;q12.1). Clinical problems of the patient comprised mild to moderate mental retardation, psychosis, obesity, broad nasal root, sparse lateral eyebrows, thin upper lip, short philtrum, micrognathia, and strabismus. Analysis by whole genome array CGH using an Agilent 244K oligonucleotide array and subsequent FISH using BAC clones from the 4q32 region revealed an unexpectedly complex rearrangement comprising a deletion of approximately 10 Mb in 4q32.1q32.3 and the insertion of two small fragments of 0.8 and 0.11 Mb originating from the derivative chromosome 4q32 into derivative chromosome 5q. The breakpoints of the t(2;5) translocation were mapped by BAC-FISH; no genes were disrupted by these breakpoints. The deleted interval in 4q32 harbored more than 30 genes, and haploinsufficiency of one or several of these genes is likely to have caused the clinical problems of the patient. Candidate genes for cognitive defects are GRIA2, GLRB, NPY1R, and NPY5R. In conclusion, this patient increases our knowledge about the phenotypic consequences of interstitial 4q32 deletions. Reports of patients with overlapping deletions will be needed to elucidate the role of individual genes and to establish genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tzschach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Human Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Thorwarth A, Mueller I, Biebermann H, Ropers HH, Grueters A, Krude H, Ullmann R. Screening chromosomal aberrations by array comparative genomic hybridization in 80 patients with congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid dysgenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3446-52. [PMID: 20427504 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in 1:3500 live births and is therefore the most common congenital endocrine disorder. A spectrum of defective thyroid morphology, termed thyroid dysgenesis (TD), represents 80% of permanent congenital hypothyroidism cases. Although several candidate genes have been implicated in thyroid development, comprehensive screens failed to detect mutation carriers in a significant number of patients with nonsyndromic TD. Due to the sporadic occurrence of TD, de novo chromosomal rearrangements are conceivably representing one of the molecular mechanisms participating in its etiology. METHODS The introduction of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has provided the ability to map DNA copy number variations (CNVs) genome wide with high resolution. We performed an array CGH screen of 80 TD patients to determine the role of CNVs in the etiology of the disease. RESULTS We identified novel CNVs that have not been described as frequent variations in the healthy population in 8.75% of all patients. These CNVs exclusively affected patients with athyreosis or thyroid hypoplasia and were nonrecurrent, and the regions flanking the CNVs were not enriched for segmental duplications. CONCLUSIONS The high rate of chromosomal changes in TD argues for an involvement of CNVs in the etiology of this disease. Yet the lack of recurrent aberrations suggests that the genetic causes of TD are heterogenous and not restricted to specific genomic hot spots. Thus, future studies may have to shift the focus from singling out specific genes to the identification of deregulated pathways as the underlying cause of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thorwarth
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Goswami C, Rademacher N, Smalla KH, Kalscheuer V, Ropers HH, Gundelfinger ED, Hucho T. TRPV1 acts as a synaptic protein and regulates vesicle recycling. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2045-57. [PMID: 20483957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.065144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is involved in neuronal transmission. Although it is expressed in the peripheral as well as the central nervous system, the questions remain whether TRPV1 is present in synaptic structures and whether it is involved in synaptic processes. In the present study we gathered evidence that TRPV1 can be detected in spines of cortical neurons, that it colocalizes with both pre- and postsynaptic proteins, and that it regulates spine morphology. Moreover, TRPV1 is also present in biochemically prepared synaptosomes endogenously. In F11 cells, a cell line derived from dorsal-root-ganglion neurons, TRPV1 is enriched in the tips of elongated filopodia and also at sites of cell-cell contact. In addition, we also detected TRPV1 in synaptic transport vesicles, and in transport packets within filopodia and neurites. Using FM4-64 dye, we demonstrate that recycling and/or fusion of these vesicles can be rapidly modulated by TRPV1 activation, leading to rapid reorganization of filopodial structure. These data suggest that TRPV1 is involved in processes such as neuronal network formation, synapse modulation and release of synaptic transmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Goswami
- Signal Transduction in Pain and Mental Retardation, Department for Molecular Human Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
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Budny B, Badura-Stronka M, Materna-Kiryluk A, Tzschach A, Raynaud M, Latos-Bielenska A, Ropers HH. Novel missense mutations in the ubiquitination-related gene UBE2A cause a recognizable X-linked mental retardation syndrome. Clin Genet 2010; 77:541-51. [PMID: 20412111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a truncating mutation of the UBE2A gene has been observed in a family with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) (1). The three affected males had similar phenotypes, including seizures, obesity, marked hirsutism and a characteristic facial appearance. Here, we report on two families with a total of seven patients and a clinically very similar syndromic form of XLMR. Linkage analysis was performed in the larger of these families, and screening several positional candidate genes revealed a G23R missense mutation in the UBE2A gene. Subsequent UBE2A screening of a phenotypically similar second family revealed another missense mutation, R11Q, again affecting an evolutionarily conserved amino acid close to the N-terminus of the protein. SIFT and PolyPhen analyses suggest that both mutations are pathogenic, which is supported by their absence in 168 healthy controls. Thus, both missense and truncating mutations can give rise to a specific, syndromic form of XLMR which is identifiable in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Budny
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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43
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Trimborn M, Ghani M, Walther DJ, Dopatka M, Dutrannoy V, Busche A, Meyer F, Nowak S, Nowak J, Zabel C, Klose J, Esquitino V, Garshasbi M, Kuss AW, Ropers HH, Mueller S, Poehlmann C, Gavvovidis I, Schindler D, Sperling K, Neitzel H. Establishment of a mouse model with misregulated chromosome condensation due to defective Mcph1 function. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9242. [PMID: 20169082 PMCID: PMC2821930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human gene MCPH1 cause primary microcephaly associated with a unique cellular phenotype with premature chromosome condensation (PCC) in early G2 phase and delayed decondensation post-mitosis (PCC syndrome). The gene encodes the BRCT-domain containing protein microcephalin/BRIT1. Apart from its role in the regulation of chromosome condensation, the protein is involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. We report here on the first mouse model of impaired Mcph1-function. The model was established based on an embryonic stem cell line from BayGenomics (RR0608) containing a gene trap in intron 12 of the Mcph1 gene deleting the C-terminal BRCT-domain of the protein. Although residual wild type allele can be detected by quantitative real-time PCR cell cultures generated from mouse tissues bearing the homozygous gene trap mutation display the cellular phenotype of misregulated chromosome condensation that is characteristic for the human disorder, confirming defective Mcph1 function due to the gene trap mutation. While surprisingly the DNA damage response (formation of repair foci, chromosomal breakage, and G2/M checkpoint function after irradiation) appears to be largely normal in cell cultures derived from Mcph1gt/gt mice, the overall survival rates of the Mcph1gt/gt animals are significantly reduced compared to wild type and heterozygous mice. However, we could not detect clear signs of premature malignant disease development due to the perturbed Mcph1 function. Moreover, the animals show no obvious physical phenotype and no reduced fertility. Body and brain size are within the range of wild type controls. Gene expression on RNA and protein level did not reveal any specific pattern of differentially regulated genes. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first mammalian transgenic model displaying a defect in mitotic chromosome condensation and is also the first mouse model for impaired Mcph1-function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/deficiency
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/physiology
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- DNA Damage
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Proteomics
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Trimborn
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahdi Ghani
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Monika Dopatka
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Véronique Dutrannoy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Busche
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Meyer
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Zabel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Klose
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronica Esquitino
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas W. Kuss
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Mueller
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Poehlmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Detlev Schindler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Sperling
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Neitzel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Giannandrea M, Bianchi V, Mignogna ML, Sirri A, Carrabino S, D'Elia E, Vecellio M, Russo S, Cogliati F, Larizza L, Ropers HH, Tzschach A, Kalscheuer V, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Skinner C, Schwartz CE, Gecz J, Van Esch H, Raynaud M, Chelly J, de Brouwer AP, Toniolo D, D'Adamo P. Mutations in the small GTPase gene RAB39B are responsible for X-linked mental retardation associated with autism, epilepsy, and macrocephaly. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:185-95. [PMID: 20159109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Mental Retardation (MR) is a common and highly heterogeneous pediatric disorder affecting around 3% of the general population; at least 215 X-linked MR (XLMR) conditions have been described, and mutations have been identified in 83 different genes, encoding proteins with a variety of function, such as chromatin remodeling, synaptic function, and intracellular trafficking. The small GTPases of the RAB family, which play an essential role in intracellular vesicular trafficking, have been shown to be involved in MR. We report here the identification of mutations in the small GTPase RAB39B gene in two male patients. One mutation in family X (D-23) introduced a stop codon seven amino acids after the start codon (c.21C > A; p.Y7X). A second mutation, in the MRX72 family, altered the 5' splice site (c.215+1G > A) and normal splicing. Neither instance produced a protein. Mutations segregate with the disease in the families, and in some family members intellectual disabilities were associated with autism spectrum disorder, epileptic seizures, and macrocephaly. We show that RAB39B, a novel RAB GTPase of unknown function, is a neuronal-specific protein that is localized to the Golgi compartment. Its downregulation leads to an alteration in the number and morphology of neurite growth cones and a significant reduction in presynaptic buttons, suggesting that RAB39B is required for synapse formation and maintenance. Our results demonstrate developmental and functional neuronal alteration as a consequence of downregulation of RAB39B and emphasize the critical role of vesicular trafficking in the development of neurons and human intellectual abilities.
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Musante L, Kunde SA, Sulistio TO, Fischer U, Grimme A, Frints SG, Schwartz CE, MartÃnez F, Romano C, Ropers HH, Kalscheuer VM. Common pathological mutations inPQBP1induce nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and enhance exclusion of the mutant exon. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:90-8. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ropers HH. Single gene disorders come into focus--again. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010; 12:95-102. [PMID: 20373671 PMCID: PMC3181948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In the early 1990s, when the second 5-year plan for the Human Genome Project-which requested more money than any previous research project in biology-was written, common disorders were presented as the future target of genome research. This was a clever move to ensure continued public support for this endeavor, which had been justified previously by the prospect that it would lead to the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of severe, but mostly rare, Mendelian disorders. Today, more than 15 years later, after billions of dollars have been spent on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), very few major genetic risk factors for common diseases have been identified, and the enthusiasm for large GWAS is dwindling. At the same time, there is renewed interest for studying single gene disorders, which are now considered by some as a better clue to the understanding of common diseases. While this is probably true, Mendelian disorders are also important in their own right, since they must be far more common than generally thought. As discussed here, various efficient strategies exist for the elucidation of single gene defects, and their systematic application in combination with novel genome partitioning and massive parallel sequencing techniques, will have far-reaching implications for health care.
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Bashiardes S, Kousoulidou L, van Bokhoven H, Ropers HH, Chelly J, Moraine C, de Brouwer APM, Van Esch H, Froyen G, Patsalis PC. A new chromosome x exon-specific microarray platform for screening of patients with X-linked disorders. J Mol Diagn 2009; 11:562-8. [PMID: 19779134 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies and advances in high-density oligonucleotide arrays have shown that microdeletions and microduplications occur at a high frequency in the human genome, causing various genetic conditions including mental retardation. Thus far little is known about the pathways leading to this disease, and implementation of microarrays is hampered by their increasing cost and complexity, underlining the need for new diagnostic tools. The aim of this study was to introduce a new targeted platform called "chromosome X exon-specific array" and to apply this new platform to screening of 20 families (including one blind positive control) with suspected X-linked mental retardation, to identify new causative X-linked mental retardation genes. The new microarray contains of 21,939 oligonucleotides covering 92.9% of all exons of all genes on chromosome X. Patient screening resulted in successful identification of the blind positive control included in the sample of 20 families, and one of the remaining 19 families was found to carry a 1.78-kilobase deletion involving all exons of pseudogene BRAF2. The BRAF2 deletion segregated in the family and was not found in 200 normal male samples, and no copy number variations are reported in this region. Further studies and focused investigation of X-linked disorders have the potential to reveal the molecular basis of human genetic pathological conditions that are caused by copy-number changes in chromosome X genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Bashiardes
- Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Shoichet SA, Waibel S, Endruhn S, Sperfeld AD, Vorwerk B, Müller I, Erdogan F, Ludolph AC, Ropers HH, Ullmann R. Identification of candidate genes for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by array comparative genomic hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 10:162-9. [PMID: 18985462 DOI: 10.1080/17482960802535001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disorder of the central nervous system that leads to progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Most cases are sporadic and of unknown aetiology. In this study, we screened 72 patients with sporadic ALS for the presence of DNA copy number variations, in order to identify novel candidate disease genes. We have used sub-megabase resolution BAC array comparative genomic hybridization to detect genomic imbalances in our ALS patient cohort. Aberrations with potential relevance for disease aetiology were verified by oligo array CGH. In 72 patients with sporadic ALS, we identified a total of six duplications and five deletions that scored above our threshold. Nine of these 11 variations were smaller than 1Mb, and five were observed exclusively in ALS patients. In conclusion, non-polymorphic sub-microscopic duplications and deletions observable by array CGH are frequent in patients with sporadic ALS. Analysis of such aberrations serves as a starting point in deciphering the aetiology of this complex disease, given that affected genes can be considered candidates for influencing disease susceptibility.
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50
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Kariminejad A, Kariminejad R, Tzschach A, Ullmann R, Ahmed A, Asghari-Roodsari A, Salehpour S, Afroozan F, Ropers HH, Kariminejad MH. Craniosynostosis in a patient with 2q37.3 deletion 5q34 duplication: Association of extra copy ofMSX2with craniosynostosis. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1544-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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