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Sabaie H, Khorami Rouz S, Kouchakali G, Heydarzadeh S, Asadi MR, Sharifi-Bonab M, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA, Rezazadeh M. Identification of potential regulatory long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA axes in periplaque regions in multiple sclerosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1011350. [PMID: 36324503 PMCID: PMC9619104 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1011350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-burning inflammation at the lesion rim is connected to the expansion of chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, the underlying processes causing expansion are not clearly realized. In this context, the current study used a bioinformatics approach to identify the expression profiles and related lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory axes in the periplaque region in MS patients. Expression data (GSE52139) from periplaque regions in the secondary progressive MS spinal cord and controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), which has details on mRNAs and lncRNAs. Using the R software’s limma package, the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were found. The RNA interactions were also found using the DIANA-LncBase, miRTarBase, and HMDD databases. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine whether there were any positive correlations between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network. Finally, lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes were created based on co-expression and connections between DElncRNA, miRNA, and DEmRNA. We used the Enrichr tool to enrich the biological process, molecular function, and pathways for DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs. A network of DEmRNAs’ protein-protein interactions was developed, and the top five hub genes were found using Cytoscape and STRING. The current study indicates that 15 DEmRNAs, including FOS, GJA1, NTRK2, CTNND1, and SP3, are connected to the MS ceRNA network. Additionally, four DElncRNAs (such as TUG1, ASB16-AS1, and LINC01094) that regulated the aforementioned mRNAs by sponging 14 MS-related miRNAs (e.g., hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, hsa-miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p) were found. In addition, the analysis of pathway enrichment revealed that DEmRNAs were enriched in the pathways for the “MAPK signaling pathway”, “Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection”, “Human immunodeficiency virus one infection”, “Lipid and atherosclerosis”, and “Amphetamine addiction”. Even though the function of these ceRNA axes needs to be investigated further, this study provides research targets for studying ceRNA-mediated molecular mechanisms related to periplaque demyelination in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Sabaie
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ghazal Kouchakali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Heydarzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirmohsen Sharifi-Bonab
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, ; Maryam Rezazadeh,
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, ; Maryam Rezazadeh,
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi, ; Maryam Rezazadeh,
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Riveros C, Mellor D, Gandhi KS, McKay FC, Cox MB, Berretta R, Vaezpour SY, Inostroza-Ponta M, Broadley SA, Heard RN, Vucic S, Stewart GJ, Williams DW, Scott RJ, Lechner-Scott J, Booth DR, Moscato P. A transcription factor map as revealed by a genome-wide gene expression analysis of whole-blood mRNA transcriptome in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14176. [PMID: 21152067 PMCID: PMC2995726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several lines of evidence suggest that transcription factors are involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) but complete mapping of the whole network has been elusive. One of the reasons is that there are several clinical subtypes of MS and transcription factors that may be involved in one subtype may not be in others. We investigate the possibility that this network could be mapped using microarray technologies and contemporary bioinformatics methods on a dataset derived from whole blood in 99 untreated MS patients (36 Relapse Remitting MS, 43 Primary Progressive MS, and 20 Secondary Progressive MS) and 45 age-matched healthy controls. Methodology/Principal Findings We have used two different analytical methodologies: a non-standard differential expression analysis and a differential co-expression analysis, which have converged on a significant number of regulatory motifs that are statistically overrepresented in genes that are either differentially expressed (or differentially co-expressed) in cases and controls (e.g., V$KROX_Q6, p-value <3.31E-6; V$CREBP1_Q2, p-value <9.93E-6, V$YY1_02, p-value <1.65E-5). Conclusions/Significance Our analysis uncovered a network of transcription factors that potentially dysregulate several genes in MS or one or more of its disease subtypes. The most significant transcription factor motifs were for the Early Growth Response EGR/KROX family, ATF2, YY1 (Yin and Yang 1), E2F-1/DP-1 and E2F-4/DP-2 heterodimers, SOX5, and CREB and ATF families. These transcription factors are involved in early T-lymphocyte specification and commitment as well as in oligodendrocyte dedifferentiation and development, both pathways that have significant biological plausibility in MS causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Riveros
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Drew Mellor
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kaushal S. Gandhi
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Fiona C. McKay
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mathew B. Cox
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S. Yahya Vaezpour
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mario Inostroza-Ponta
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simon A. Broadley
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Robert N. Heard
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Stephen Vucic
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Graeme J. Stewart
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Rodney J. Scott
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jeanette Lechner-Scott
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David R. Booth
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, St Lucia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Särkijärvi S, Kuusisto H, Paalavuo R, Levula M, Airla N, Lehtimäki T, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Elovaara I. Gene expression profiles in Finnish twins with multiple sclerosis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 7:11. [PMID: 16504146 PMCID: PMC1421383 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Since genetic alterations influencing susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), are as yet poorly understood, the purpose of this study was to identify genes responsible for MS by studying monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for MS. Methods In order to identify genes involved in MS development, the gene expression profiles in blood mononuclear cells obtained from eight MZ twin pairs discordant for MS were analyzed by cDNA microarray technology detecting the expression of 8 300 genes. The twins were collected from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study and both affected subjects and their healthy siblings underwent neurological evaluation and cerebral and spinal magnetic resonance imaging. Gene expressions were confirmed by relative quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results It appeared that 25 genes were at least two-fold up-regulated and 15 genes down-regulated in 25% (2/8) of twins with MS when compared to their healthy siblings. Moreover, 6/25 genes were up-regulated in 40% of MS twins and one gene, interferon alpha-inducible protein (clone IFI-6-16) (G1P3), in 50% of them. The six most constantly expressed genes are (1) G1P3, (2) POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 1, (3) myxovirus resistance 2, (4) lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein-5, (5) hemoglobin alpha 2 and (6) hemoglobin beta. Conclusion Over two-fold up-regulation of these six genes in almost half of MZ twins with MS suggests their role in MS pathogenesis. Studies using MZ MS twins obtained from genetically homogeneous population offer a unique opportunity to explore the genetic nature of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Särkijärvi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie, 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Kuusisto
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Raija Paalavuo
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie, 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Levula
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, and Medical School, University of Tampere, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Airla
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, and Medical School, University of Tampere, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis Genetics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, and Medical School, University of Tampere, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 41, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Koskenvuo
- Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 41, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irina Elovaara
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie, 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Kappos L, Achtnichts L, Dahlke F, Kuhle J, Naegelin Y, Sandbrink R, Lindberg RLP. Genomics and proteomics: role in the management of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2005; 252 Suppl 3:iii21-iii27. [PMID: 16170496 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-005-2013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and neuro-imaging have provided important insights into the natural course and prognostic factors of multiple sclerosis (MS), but our ability to predict different courses of the disease, and especially its response to treatment, is still very limited. Pharmacogenetic, pharmacogenomic and proteomic studies aim to assess gene and protein function in disease and promise to help to fill this important gap in our knowledge. Such studies may increase our understanding of disease mechanisms and responses to therapeutic compounds. Large-scale transcriptional expression profiling can be performed using gene chip microarrays; this technology allows screening for differentially expressed genes without having well-defined underlying hypotheses ("discovery-driven research"). To complement the technique, real time reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) can be used for more targeted profiling and provides quantitative data on pre-selected genes. However, to maximise their clinical utility, expression profiling results need to be combined with well-documented clinical and imaging data. Two forthcoming studies will investigate the long-term effects of early treatment with interferon beta-1b (IFNbeta) on the course of MS. The BENEFIT (BEtaseron/Betaferon in Newly Emerging MS for Initial Treatment) study will incorporate pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic analyses to determine the genetic elements controlling treatment response. BEST-PGx (Betaferon/Betaseron in Early relapsing-remitting MS Surveillance Trial-Pharmacogenomics) is an exploratory 2-year study that will investigate the value of RNA expression profiling and pharmacogenetics in predicting treatment response to IFNbeta in patients with early relapsing MS. The main goal of BEST-PGx is the identification of differences in gene expression profiles of patients showing differential treatment responses. In addition, this study may reveal new information relevant to the mechanism of action of interferon treatment in MS and also to differences in the underlying pathology of the immune system. These data may help us approach the goal of a really "individualised therapy" with increased efficacy, reduced adverse drug reactions and more efficient use of health care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Kappos
- Outpatient Clinic Neurology-Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Hernandez EM, Johnson A, Notario V, Chen A, Richert JR. AUA as a translation initiation site in vitro for the human transcription factor Sp3. BMB Rep 2002; 35:273-82. [PMID: 12297010 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2002.35.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sp3 is a bifunctional transcription factor that has been reported to stimulate or repress the transcription of numerous genes. Although the size of Sp3 mRNA is 4.0 kb, the size of the known Sp3 cDNA sequence is 3.6 kb. Thus, Sp3 functional studies have been performed with an artificially introduced start codon, and thus an aminoterminus that differs from the wild-type. Ideally, full-length cDNA expression vectors with the appropriate start codon should be utilized for these studies. Using 5'rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full-length Sp3 cDNA clone was generated and the sequence verified in nine cell lines. No AUG initiation codon was present. However, stop codons were present in all three frames 5' to the known coding sequence. In vitro translation of this full-length cDNA clone produced the expected three isoforms-one at 100 kDa and two in the mid 60 kDa range. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the protein products had the ability to bind to the Sp1/3 consensus sequence. In vitro studies, using our Sp3 clone and site directed mutagenesis, identified the translation initiation site for the larger isoform as AUA. AUA has not been previously described as an endogenous initiation codon in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Moore Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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6
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Abstract
We previously reported the lack of expression of the bifunctional transcription factor Sp3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (Grekova et al, 1996). An RT-PCR technique was developed to evaluate Sp3 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. Semi-quantitative and quantitative competitive RT-PCR assays were used to compare the level of Sp3 expression among subjects and among immune cell subsets. The competitor DNA fragment contained a deletion from the normal Sp3 cDNA sequence. The wild-type Sp3 cDNA and the competitor DNA fragment amplified with equal efficiency, and the two PCR products were distinguished by size. These studies demonstrated that normal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B cells, and macrophages expressed comparable amounts of Sp3 mRNA. No Sp3 expression could be detected in normal natural killer cells nor in any of these cell types from Sp3-negative MS patients. We propose that transcription of the Sp3 gene is blocked in immune cells from most patients with MS and that this contributes to the development of central nervous system inflammation in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Grekova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007, USA
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7
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Grekova MC, Scherer SW, Trabb J, Richert JR. Localization of the human SP3 gene to chromosome 7p14-p15.2. The lack of expression in multiple sclerosis does not reflect abnormal gene organization. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 106:214-9. [PMID: 10814800 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sp3 belongs to a large family of transcription factors that bind GC/T box elements. We have previously demonstrated the deficient expression of Sp3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In the current study, the Sp3 gene was assigned to chromosome 7 by using somatic cell hybrid mapping and analysis of a chromosome 7-specific cosmid library. The position of Sp3 was refined to 7p14-p15.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analysis of genomic DNA failed to demonstrate a detectable difference between MS and control PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Grekova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Medical Center, Washington, DC 2007, USA
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Salvetti M, Ristori G, Bomprezzi R, Pozzilli P, Leslie RD. Twins: mirrors of the immune system. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 21:342-7. [PMID: 10871876 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5699(00)01658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies are a powerful tool to assess genetic and nongenetic factors in multifactorial, immune-mediated diseases. Here, Marco Salvetti and colleagues review important results from such studies and highlight their potential value. Future developments that should help to realize the potential of twin studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salvetti
- Dept of Neurosciences of the University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
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Whitney LW, Becker KG, Tresser NJ, Caballero-Ramos CI, Munson PJ, Prabhu VV, Trent JM, McFarland HF, Biddison WE. Analysis of gene expression in mutiple sclerosis lesions using cDNA microarrays. Ann Neurol 1999; 46:425-8. [PMID: 10482277 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199909)46:3<425::aid-ana22>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, a coordinated attack of the immune system against the primary constituents of oligodendrocytes and/or the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes results in the formation of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Thus far, however, a limited number of genes that potentially contribute to lesion pathology have been identified. Using cDNA microarray technology, we have performed experiments on MS tissue monitoring the expression pattern of over 5,000 genes and compared the gene expression profile of normal white matter with that found in acute lesions from the brain of a single MS patient. Sixty-two differentially expressed genes were identified, including the Duffy chemokine receptor, interferon regulatory factor-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor-2 among others. Thus, cDNA microarray technology represents a powerful new tool for the identification of genes not previously associated with the MS disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Whitney
- Molecular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1400, USA
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Abstract
Sp1 is one of the very first cellular transcription factors to be identified and cloned in virtue of its binding to a G-rich motif in the SV40 early promoter. Sp1 protein binds to the G-rich sequences present in a variety of cellular and viral promoters and stimulates their transcriptional activity. Recently, a number of other GC and/or GT box-binding factors homologous to Sp1 have been isolated, namely Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4, and the two more distantly related factors, BTEB and BTEB2. The discovery of this family highlights a previously unknown level of complexity of transcriptional regulation of promoters containing GC and/or GT box motifs. This review focuses primarily on strategies aimed to elucidate the transcription properties of the Sp1-like factors and discusses the experimental problems inherent in the attempt to define their respective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lania
- Department of Genetics, Molecular and General Biology, University of Naples, Federico II, Italy
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Page R, Morris C, Williams J, von Ruhland C, Malik AN. Isolation of diabetes-associated kidney genes using differential display. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 232:49-53. [PMID: 9125149 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Differential Display was used to isolate genes that show transcriptional changes in the kidney during the development of diabetes in the GK rat. Eight candidate diabetes-associated cDNA fragments, CDK1-8, were isolated and characterised. cDNA sequencing and subsequent database analysis revealed that CDK2, 4, 5 and 6 showed no significant sequence similarity to previously reported genes, suggesting that they represent novel genes, whereas CDK 1, 3, 7 and 8 showed significant similarity with rat lactate dehydrogenase, rat amiloride sensitive sodium channel, EST109013 and mouse ubiquitin-like protein respectively. The differential mRNA expression of CDK1-8 was confirmed using differential screening of slot blots. CDK1, 2, 4 and 8 mRNAs appeared to increase whereas CDK3, 5, 6 and 7 mRNAs decreased in the kidneys of GK rats with increasing hyperglycaemia. The altered renal mRNA expression of these genes in association with increased hyperglycemia in the GK rat suggest that they are candidates for a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Page
- Division of Life Sciences, Kings' College London, United Kingdom
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