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Zhou G, Guo Z, Shen X. Electron-Rich Oxycarbenes: New Synthetic and Catalytic Applications beyond Group 6 Fischer Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217189. [PMID: 36594672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxycarbenes have emerged as useful intermediates in synthetic chemistry. Compared to the widely studied oxycarbene metal complexes bearing Group 6 metals, the synthetic and catalytic applications of oxycarbenes beyond Group 6 Fischer carbene complexes are less explored because of the difficulty in controlling their reactivity and the need to use a stoichiometric amount of a presynthesized Group 6 metal carbene complex as the starting material. This Minireview summarizes early synthetic and catalytic applications of late-transition-metal oxycarbene complexes and highlights recent advances in free oxycarbene reactions and transition-metal-catalyzed reactions involving oxycarbenes. We hope this Minireview will inspire further developments in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Guo
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Scheeren JW, Staps RJFM, Nivard RJF. Synthesis of tetra-alkoxy- and tetra-aryloxyethenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19730920103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schaumann E. Reactive Double Bond Systems Via (3+2) Cycloreversion of Heterocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19860951106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sliwinska A, Czardybon W, Warkentin J. Zwitterion from a Cyclopropane with Geminal Donor and Acceptor Groups. Org Lett 2007; 9:695-8. [PMID: 17243711 DOI: 10.1021/ol063021s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,2-Dimethoxy-3,3-dicyanospiro[cyclopropane-1,9'-[9H]fluorene] reacted fast with methanol to afford 9-trimethoxymethyl-9-dicyanomethyl-9H-fluorene. Reaction with benzaldehydes also gave products of cyclopropane ring opening. Strong electron-donor p-substituents or a strong attractor enhanced the rate. Ring opening of the cyclopropane to a zwitterion that recloses or reacts with an aryl aldehyde, to form either a CO or a CC bond first, can explain the result. The former mode of closure is sensitive to p-substituents because they are directly conjugated to the positive charge at the benzylic carbon of the former aldehyde. The latter mode is sensitive to the ground-state electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon of the former aldehyde. Thus, reaction of the cyclopropane with p-substituted aldehydes is accelerated by either electron-donor or -acceptor substituents. [reaction: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sliwinska
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Hoffmann RW, Schüttler R, Loof IH. Carben‐Reaktionen, XII. Ein neuer Zugang zum Diphenylcarben/Phenylcycloheptatrienyliden‐System durch Acetat‐Pyrolyse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19771101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard W. Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, Lahnberge, D‐3550 Marburg an der Lahn
| | - Reinhard Schüttler
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, Lahnberge, D‐3550 Marburg an der Lahn
| | - Ingo H. Loof
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, Lahnberge, D‐3550 Marburg an der Lahn
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Hoffmann RW, Reiffen M. Carben‐Reaktionen, VII: Über das nucleophile Verhalten von Dimethoxycarben. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19761090727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Reiffen
- Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Marburg, Lahnberge, D‐3550 Marburg/Lahn
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Hoffmann RW, Hirsch R, Fleming R, Reetz MT. Thermisches Verhalten von Allyloxy‐carbenen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19721051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard W. Hoffmann
- Aus den Instituten für Organische Chemie der Universität Heidelberg, der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt und der Universität Marburg
| | - Rüdiger Hirsch
- Aus den Instituten für Organische Chemie der Universität Heidelberg, der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt und der Universität Marburg
| | - Ronald Fleming
- Aus den Instituten für Organische Chemie der Universität Heidelberg, der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt und der Universität Marburg
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Aus den Instituten für Organische Chemie der Universität Heidelberg, der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt und der Universität Marburg
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Appler H, Gross LW, Mayer B, Neumann WP. Die chemie der schweren carben-analogen R2M, M = Si, Ge, Sn. J Organomet Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(85)80198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hoffmann RW, Barth W. Carben-Reaktionen, XVII. Nitrilylide durch 1,1-Eliminierung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19851180222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Daub J, Endress G, Erhardt U, Jogun KH, Kappler J, Laumer A, Pfiz R, Stezowski JJ. Desulfurierungsreaktionen mit Eisencarbonyl-Verbindungen: Carbonyl(dioxolanyliden)eisen-Komplexe aus Thionocarbonaten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19821150513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hoffmann RW, Loof IH, Wentrup C. Carben-Reaktionen, XIV. Cycloheptatrienyliden durch Gasphasen-Thermolyse von C7H7-Acetaten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198019800804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Meier H, Zeller KP. Thermische und photochemische Stickstoff-Cycloeliminierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19770891207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lilienblum W, Hoffmann RW. Carben-Reaktionen, XI. Addition von Dimethoxycarben an Diene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19771101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reetz MT. Dyotrope Umlagerungen, XI. Mechnismus der thermischen Umlagerung von Allyl-(silymethyl)-ethern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19771100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reetz MT, Kliment M, Plachky M. Dyotrope Umlagerungen, VII: Synthese und thermische Umlagerung von (Silyl) methyl-silyl-äthern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19761090808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hoffmann RW, Schüttler R. Carben-Reaktionen, V. Carbenaoxiran durch thermische Spaltung von Spiro[norbornadien-7,2′-oxiran]-Derivaten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19751080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoffmann RW, Lilienblum W, Dittrich B. Carben-Reaktionen, IV. Addition von Dimethoxycarben an CC-Mehrfachbindungen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19741071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hoffmann RW, Steinbach K, Dittrich B. Carben-Reaktionen, III. Addition von Dimethoxycarben an Isocyanate und Isothiocyanate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19731060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jefford CW, Burger U, Broeckx W, Gehret JCE. The synthesis of 7,7-difluoronorbornadiene and its quadricyclane isomer. Tetrahedron Lett 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)87659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schüttler R, Hoffmann R. Strukturzuordnung Z/E-isomerer norbornadien-derivate anhand der lis-sa̋ttigungswerte. Tetrahedron Lett 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)87400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Seebach D, Geiß KH, Beck AK, Graf B, Daum H. Herstellung von Polyalkylmercapto- und Polyarylmercapto-methanen, -äthanen und -äthylenen aus metallierten Orthotrithioameisensäureestern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19721051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schuphan I, Ballschmiter K. Metabolism of polychlorinated norbornenes by Clostridium butyricum. Nature 1972; 237:100-1. [PMID: 4555441 DOI: 10.1038/237100a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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