Engle KM, Mei TS, Wang X, Yu JQ. Bystanding F+ oxidants enable selective reductive elimination from high-valent metal centers in catalysis.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011;
50:1478-91. [PMID:
21264991 PMCID:
PMC3094160 DOI:
10.1002/anie.201005142]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reductive elimination from partially or completely oxidized metal centers is a vital step in a myriad of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. One strategy for promoting otherwise challenging reductive elimination reactions is to oxidize the metal center using a two-electron oxidant (that is, from M((n)) to M((n+2))). However, many of the commonly used oxidants for this type of transformation contain oxygen, nitrogen, or halogen moieties that are subsequently capable of participating in reductive elimination, thus leading to a mixture of products. In this Minireview, we examine the use of bystanding F(+) oxidants for addressing this widespread problem in organometallic chemistry and describe recent applications in Pd(II) /Pd(IV) and Au(I) /Au(III) catalysis. We then briefly discuss a rare example in which one-electron oxidants have been shown to promote selective reductive elimination in palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H functionalization, which we view as a promising future direction in the field.
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