1
|
Lisztes E, Mező E, Demeter F, Horváth L, Bősze S, István Tóth B, Borbás A, Herczeg M. Synthesis and Cell Growth Inhibitory Activity of Six Non-glycosaminoglycan-Type Heparin-Analogue Trisaccharides. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1467-1476. [PMID: 33433040 PMCID: PMC8247843 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of heparin mimetics with high anticancer activity but no anticoagulant activity is an important task in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we present the efficient synthesis of five Glc-GlcA-Glc-sequenced and one Glc-IdoA-Glc-sequenced non-glycosaminoglycan, heparin-related trisaccharides with various sulfation/sulfonylation and methylation patterns. The cell growth inhibitory effects of the compounds were tested against four cancerous human cell lines and two non-cancerous cell lines. Two d-glucuronate-containing tetra-O-sulfated, partially methylated trisaccharides displayed remarkable and selective inhibitory effects on the growth of ovary carcinoma (A2780) and melanoma (WM35) cells. Methyl substituents on the glucuronide unit proved to be detrimental, whereas acetyl substituents were beneficial to the cytostatic activity of the sulfated derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lisztes
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen PO Box 224012DebrecenHungary
| | - Erika Mező
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
- MTA-DE Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, ELKHUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Lilla Horváth
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/a1117BudapestHungary
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide ChemistryEötvös Loránd UniversityPázmány Péter sétány 1/a1117BudapestHungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Debrecen PO Box 224012DebrecenHungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
- MTA-DE Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry, ELKHEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elli S, Stancanelli E, Wang Z, Petitou M, Liu J, Guerrini M. Degeneracy of the Antithrombin Binding Sequence in Heparin: 2-O-Sulfated Iduronic Acid Can Replace the Critical Glucuronic Acid. Chemistry 2020; 26:11814-11818. [PMID: 32515841 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heparin binds to and activates antithrombin (AT) through a specific pentasaccharide sequence, in which a trisaccharide subsite, containing glucuronic acid (GlcA), has been considered as the initiator in the recognition of the polysaccharide by the protein. Recently it was suggested that sulfated iduronic acid (IdoA2S) could replace this "canonical" GlcA. Indeed, a heparin octasaccharidic sequence obtained by chemoenzymatic synthesis, in which GlcA is replaced with IdoA2S, has been found to similarly bind to and activate antithrombin. By using saturation-transfer-difference (STD) NMR, NOEs, transferred NOEs (tr-NOEs) NMR and molecular dynamics, we show that, upon binding to AT, this IdoA2S unit develops comparable interactions with AT as GlcA. Interestingly, two IdoA2S units, both present in a 1 C4 -2 S0 equilibrium in the unbound saccharide, shift to full 2 S0 and full 1 C4 upon binding to antithrombin, providing the best illustration of the critical role of iduronic acid conformational flexibility in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Stancanelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Zhangjie Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Maurice Petitou
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demeter F, Veres F, Herczeg M, Borbás A. Short Synthesis of Idraparinux by Applying a 2-O
-Methyl-4,6-O
-arylmethylene Thioidoside as a 1,2-trans
-α-Selective Glycosyl Donor. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Fanni Veres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 4032 Debrecen Hungary
- Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Egyetem tér 1 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 4032 Debrecen Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stancanelli E, Elli S, Hsieh PH, Liu J, Guerrini M. Recognition and Conformational Properties of an Alternative Antithrombin Binding Sequence Obtained by Chemoenzymatic Synthesis. Chembiochem 2018; 19:10.1002/cbic.201800095. [PMID: 29573524 PMCID: PMC6517080 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of natural origin used as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic drug. These properties are principally based on the binding and activation of antithrombin (AT) through the pentasaccharide sequence GlcNAc/NS,6S-GlcA-GlcNS,3,6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS,6S (AGA*IA). Literature data show that the population of the 2 S0 ring conformation of the 2-O-sulfo-α-l-iduronic acid (IdoA2S) motif correlates with the affinity and activation of AT. It was recently demonstrated that two synthetic AGA*IA-containing hexasaccharides (one G unit added at the reducing end), differing in the degree of sulfation of the IdoA unit, show comparable affinity and ability to activate AT, despite a different conformation of the IdoA residue. In this paper, the binding of these two glycans to AT was studied by isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC), transferred (tr-) NOESY, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results indicated that both the IdoA2S and the IdoA units assume a 2 S0 conformation when bound with AT, and so present a common binding epitope for the two glycans, centred on the AGA*IA sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Stancanelli
- Department NMR and Carbohydrates, Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Elli
- Department NMR and Carbohydrates, Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Po-Hung Hsieh
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Department NMR and Carbohydrates, Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche "G. Ronzoni", via G. Colombo 81, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sankarayanarayanan NV, Strebel TR, Boothello RS, Sheerin K, Raghuraman A, Sallas F, Mosier PD, Watermeyer ND, Oscarson S, Desai UR. A Hexasaccharide Containing Rare 2-O-Sulfate-Glucuronic Acid Residues Selectively Activates Heparin Cofactor II. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2312-2317. [PMID: 28124818 PMCID: PMC5347859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sequences that selectively target heparin cofactor II (HCII), a key serpin present in human plasma, remain unknown. Using a computational strategy on a library of 46 656 heparan sulfate hexasaccharides we identified a rare sequence consisting of consecutive glucuronic acid 2-O-sulfate residues as selectively targeting HCII. This and four other unique hexasaccharides were chemically synthesized. The designed sequence was found to activate HCII ca. 250-fold, while leaving aside antithrombin, a closely related serpin, essentially unactivated. This group of rare designed hexasaccharides will help understand HCII function. More importantly, our results show for the first time that rigorous use of computational techniques can lead to discovery of unique GAG sequences that can selectively target GAG-binding protein(s), which may lead to chemical biology or drug discovery tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehru Viji Sankarayanarayanan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tamara R Strebel
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Rio S Boothello
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kevin Sheerin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Arjun Raghuraman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Florence Sallas
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Philip D Mosier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Watermeyer
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A Hexasaccharide Containing Rare 2-O
-Sulfate-Glucuronic Acid Residues Selectively Activates Heparin Cofactor II. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
8
|
Baumann H. Biological Effects of Heparan Sulfates and Regioselectively Modified Heparin-Heparan Mimetics. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911503018001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heparan sulfates (HS) are structurally the most complex but information rich biopolymers known. They are composed of polysaccharides containing regioselectively distributed carboxyl, sulfate ester, acetyl, amino, and N-sulfonyl groups with sequence- and domain-like arrangements. HS are found ubiquitously on cell surfaces and in extracellular matrices where they are covalently anchored via restricted protein cores. They modulate numerous development cell processes and the pathology of living organisms. HS concentration is extremely low on endothelial cell surfaces (1 pmol/cm2), therefore, they are difficult to isolate and evaluate. Furthermore, their sequence variability is extremely high and the sequence analysis is in its infancy. HS acts as a low affinity receptor which plays a central role in the reception and modulation of a wide range of effector proteins such as growth factors, morphogens, chemokines, enzymes, protease inhibitors. Water soluble fragments of HS and heparin (HE) enzymatically released or synthetic sequences, analogs of heparinoids and heparanoids (HH) mimetics regioselectively modified oligo- and polysaccharides with HE/HS like functional groups, and nonsaccharide containing structures can modulate effector proteins and influence some of the development and pathological processes. Modulation effects are described for anticoagulant antiproliferative properties, for reducing platelet and plasma protein adhesion as well as inhibition or activating growth factors by the influence of HH mimetics. The advantage of defined high molecular weight substrates are discussed and compared to the low molecular weight mimetics. The potential of HH mimetics opens new approaches and strategies for therapeutic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Baumann
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Hemocompatible and Biocompatible Biomaterials RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bedini E, Laezza A, Iadonisi A. Chemical Derivatization of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo; via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo; via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo; via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Irwin N, Patterson S, de Kort M, Moffett RC, Wisse JAJ, Dokter WHA, Bos ES, Miltenburg AMM, Flatt PR. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Pentasaccharide Conjugates for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1424-34. [PMID: 26059252 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study details the development of a family of novel D-Ala(8) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) peptide conjugates by site specific conjugation to an antithrombin III (ATIII) binding carrier pentasaccharide through tetraethylene glycol linkers. All conjugates were found to possess potent insulin-releasing activity. Peptides with short linkers (<25 atoms) conjugated at Lys(34) and Lys(37) displayed strong GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1-R) binding affinity. All D-Ala(8) GLP-1 conjugates exhibited prominent glucose-lowering action. Biological activity of the Lys(37) short-linker peptide was evident up to 72 h post-injection. In agreement, the pharmacokinetic profile of this conjugate (t1/2 , 11 h) was superior to that of the GLP-1-R agonist, exenatide. Once-daily injection of the Lys(37) short-linker peptide in ob/ob mice for 21 days significantly decreased food intake and improved HbA1c and glucose tolerance. Islet size was decreased, with no discernible change in islet number. The beneficial effects of the Lys(37) short-linker peptide were similar to or better than either exenatide or liraglutide, another GLP-1-R agonist. In conclusion, GLP-1 peptides conjugated to an ATIII binding carrier pentasaccharide have a substantially prolonged bioactive profile compatible for possible once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine (UK).
| | - Steven Patterson
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine (UK).,Diabetes Research Group, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, G4 0BA Glasgow (UK)
| | | | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine (UK)
| | | | | | - Ebo S Bos
- MSD, Kloosterstraat 6, 5349 AB Oss, (The Netherlands)
| | | | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine (UK)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the heparin-based anticoagulant drug fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9876-9. [PMID: 25044485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide based on the heparin antithrombin-binding domain, is an approved clinical anticoagulant. Although it is a better and safer alternative to pharmaceutical heparins in many cases, its high cost, which results from the difficult and tedious synthesis, is a deterrent for its widespread use. The chemical synthesis of fondaparinux was achieved in an efficient and concise manner from commercially available D-glucosamine, diacetone α-D-glucose, and penta-O-acetyl-D-glucose. The method involves suitably functionalized building blocks that are readily accessible and employs shared intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions that considerably reduce the synthetic effort and improve the yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115 (Taiwan); Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300 (Taiwan)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the Heparin-Based Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
13
|
Li T, Ye H, Cao X, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhou L, Liu Q, Wang W, Shen J, Zhao W, Wang P. Total Synthesis of Anticoagulant Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1071-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
14
|
Herczeg M, Lázár L, Bereczky Z, Kövér KE, Timári I, Kappelmayer J, Lipták A, Antus S, Borbás A. Synthesis and Anticoagulant Activity of Bioisosteric Sulfonic-Acid Analogues of the Antithrombin-Binding Pentasaccharide Domain of Heparin. Chemistry 2012; 18:10643-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Tiruchinapally G, Yin Z, El-Dakdouki M, Wang Z, Huang X. Divergent heparin oligosaccharide synthesis with preinstalled sulfate esters. Chemistry 2011; 17:10106-12. [PMID: 21786352 PMCID: PMC3324038 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traditional chemical synthesis of heparin oligosaccharides first involves assembly of the full length oligosaccharide backbone followed by sulfation. Herein, we report an alternative strategy in which the O-sulfate was introduced onto glycosyl building blocks as a trichloroethyl ester prior to assembly of the full length oligosaccharide. This allowed divergent preparation of both sulfated and non-sulfated building blocks from common advanced intermediates. The O-sulfate esters were found to be stable during glycosylation as well as typical synthetic manipulations encountered during heparin oligosaccharide synthesis. Furthermore, the presence of sulfate esters in both glycosyl donors and acceptors did not adversely affect the glycosylation yields, which enabled us to assemble multiple heparin oligosaccharides with preinstalled 6-O-sulfates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Mohammad El-Dakdouki
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Xu Y, Yang B, Tiruchinapally G, Sun B, Liu R, Dulaney S, Liu J, Huang X. Preactivation-based, one-pot combinatorial synthesis of heparin-like hexasaccharides for the analysis of heparin-protein interactions. Chemistry 2010; 16:8365-75. [PMID: 20623566 PMCID: PMC3094016 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (HP) and heparan sulfate (HS) play important roles in many biological events. Increasing evidence has shown that the biological functions of HP and HS can be critically dependent upon their precise structures, including the position of the iduronic acids and sulfation patterns. However, unraveling the HP code has been extremely challenging due to the enormous structural variations. To overcome this hurdle, we investigated the possibility of assembling a library of HP/HS oligosaccharides using a preactivation-based, one-pot glycosylation method. A major challenge in HP/HS oligosaccharide synthesis is stereoselectivity in the formation of the cis-1,4-linkages between glucosamine and the uronic acid. Through screening, suitable protective groups were identified on the matching glycosyl donor and acceptor, leading to stereospecific formation of both the cis-1,4- and trans-1,4-linkages present in HP. The protective group chemistry designed was also very flexible. From two advanced thioglycosyl disaccharide intermediates, all of the required disaccharide modules for library preparation could be generated in a divergent manner, which greatly simplified building-block preparation. Furthermore, the reactivity-independent nature of the preactivation-based, one-pot approach enabled us to mix the building blocks. This allowed rapid assembly of twelve HP/HS hexasaccharides with systematically varied and precisely controlled backbone structures in a combinatorial fashion. The speed and the high yields achieved in glycoassembly without the need to use a large excess of building blocks highlighted the advantages of our approach, which can be of general use to facilitate the study of HP/HS biology. As a proof of principle, this panel of hexasaccharides was used to probe the effect of backbone sequence on binding with the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). A trisaccharide sequence of 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid flanked by N-sulfated glucosamines was identified to be the minimum binding motif and N-sulfation was found to be critical. This provides useful information for further development of more potent compounds towards FGF-2 binding, which can have potential applications in wound healing and anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | | | - Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Renpeng Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Steven Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Würthner F, Bräse S, Sewald N, Herges R, Senge MO, Bach T, Gottwald T, Kopf T, Ŝpehar K, Hartung J, Plattner D, Gansäuer A, Oestreich M, Brückner R, Pietruszka J, Süßmuth R, Müller M, Weinhold E, Jäschke A, Albrecht M, Priepke H, Roth G, Ditrich K, Ernst A, Wortmann L, Ag S. Organische Chemie 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.20030510309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
de Kort M, Gianotten B, Wisse J, Bos E, Eppink M, Mattaar E, Vogel G, Dokter W, Honing M, Vonsovic S, Smit MJ, Wijkmans J, van Boeckel C. Conjugation of ATIII-Binding Pentasaccharides to Extend the Half-Life of Proteins: Long-Acting Insulin. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1189-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Gouin SG, Kovensky J. Direct azidation of unprotected carbohydrates with PPh3/CBr4/NaN3. Modulation of the degree of substitution. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Noti C, de Paz JL, Polito L, Seeberger PH. Preparation and Use of Microarrays Containing Synthetic Heparin Oligosaccharides for the Rapid Analysis of Heparin–Protein Interactions. Chemistry 2006; 12:8664-86. [PMID: 17066397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a highly sulfated, linear polymer that participates in a plethora of biological processes by interaction with many proteins. The chemical complexity and heterogeneity of this polysaccharide can explain the fact that, despite its widespread medical use as an anticoagulant drug, the structure-function relationship of defined heparin sequences is still poorly understood. Here, we present the chemical synthesis of a library containing heparin oligosaccharides ranging from di- to hexamers of different sequences and sulfation patterns. An amine-terminated linker was placed at the reducing end of the synthetic structures to allow for immobilization onto N-hydroxysuccinimide activated glass slides and creation of heparin microarrays. Key features of this modular synthesis, such as the influence of the amine linker on the glycosidation efficiency, the use of 2-azidoglucose as glycosylating agents for oligosaccharide assembly, and the compatibility of the protecting group strategy with the sulfation-deprotection steps, are discussed. Heparin microarrays containing this oligosaccharide library were constructed using a robotic printer and employed to characterize the carbohydrate binding affinities of three heparin-binding growth factors. FGF-1, FGF-2 and FGF-4 that are implicated in angiogenesis, cell growth and differentiation were studied. These heparin chips aided in the discovery of novel, sulfated sequences that bind FGF, and in the determination of the structural requirements needed for recognition by using picomoles of protein on a single slide. The results presented here highlight the potential of combining oligosaccharide synthesis and carbohydrate microarray technology to establish a structure-activity relationship in biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Noti
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCI F315, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bindschädler P, Noti C, Castagnetti E, Seeberger P. Synthesis of a Potential 10E4 Tetrasaccharide Antigen Involved in Scrapie Pathogenesis. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Hamza D, Lucas R, Feizi T, Chai W, Bonnaffé D, Lubineau A. First Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Tetrasaccharides Containing both N-Acetylated and N-Unsubstituted Glucosamine-Search for Putative 10E4 Epitopes. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1856-8. [PMID: 17051654 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hamza
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Multifonctionnelle, Equipe de Glycochimie Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS-UPS 8182, Université Paris Sud 11, Bât. 420, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organic azides: an exploding diversity of a unique class of compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:5188-240. [PMID: 16100733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1636] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of organic azides by Peter Griess more than 140 years ago, numerous syntheses of these energy-rich molecules have been developed. In more recent times in particular, completely new perspectives have been developed for their use in peptide chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, and heterocyclic synthesis. Organic azides have assumed an important position at the interface between chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. In this Review, the fundamental characteristics of azide chemistry and current developments are presented. The focus will be placed on cycloadditions (Huisgen reaction), aza ylide chemistry, and the synthesis of heterocycles. Further reactions such as the aza-Wittig reaction, the Sundberg rearrangement, the Staudinger ligation, the Boyer and Boyer-Aubé rearrangements, the Curtius rearrangement, the Schmidt rearrangement, and the Hemetsberger rearrangement bear witness to the versatility of modern azide chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe TH, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu C, Baumann H. New 6-butylamino-6-deoxycellulose and 6-deoxy-6-pyridiniumcellulose derivatives with highest regioselectivity and completeness of reaction. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2229-35. [PMID: 16099440 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the nucleophilic substitution (S(N)) reactions of tosylcellulose with butylamine and pyridine, respectively. The S(N) reactions of tosylcellulose 1 (DS(Total) 2.02; DS(C-6) 1.0) with butylamine carried out at 25, 50, 75 and 100 degrees C in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and pure butylamine showed that the regioselectivity of substitution at C-6 of cellulose is temperature dependent: the highest regioselectivity at C-6 can be reached at 25 and 50 degrees C; substitution at C-2 also occurred at 75 and 100 degrees C. The substitution speed in pure butylamine is greater than that in the presence of DMSO. A complete and regioselective substitution at C-6 with a DS of 1.0 was obtained under the conditions of 50 degrees C, 40 h in butylamine. The substitution reactions of 1 with pyridine carried out at 25, 50, 75 and 100 degrees C for 24h in DMSO did not occur. In contrast to this the S(N) reactions done in pure pyridine showed that a temperature- and steric-dependent, regioselective substitution took place at C-6 at temperatures from 25 to 145 degrees C. The highest regioselectivity and completeness at C-6 can be obtained at 100 degrees C for 90 h, whereas at 145 degrees C substitution also occurs at C-2. The results were proved by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- ITMC, Institute of Technical Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Hemocompatible and Biocompatible Biomaterials, University of Technology Aachen, Worringer Weg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bräse S, Gil C, Knepper K, Zimmermann V. Organische Azide - explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Piscopio AD, Robinson JE. Recent applications of olefin metathesis to combinatorial chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 8:245-54. [PMID: 15183322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis has emerged as a versatile technology for the synthesis of combinatorial libraries with regard to both scaffold creation and embellishment. The incessant pursuit of 'next-generation' catalysts continues to raise the bar in terms of efficiency, functional group tolerability, diminished reaction times and temperatures and has helped foster both diversity-oriented and target-directed efforts. This report summarizes recent contributions in the area of olefin cross-metathesis and ring-closing metathesis as applied to combinatorial and parallel synthesis. These examples include generation of dimeric benzo[b]furans as novel probes for protein-protein interaction, a cross-metathesis approach to 'traceless linkers' for azide-containing sugars, stereo-diversified synthesis of 1,4- and 1,5-enediols, a novel mannitol derived combinatorial scaffold, parallel synthesis strategies for aza-sugars, as well as the synthesis of dehydro-Freidinger lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Piscopio
- Array BioPharma Inc., Process Chemistry Division, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liebert TF, Heinze TJ. Exploitation of reactivity and selectivity in cellulose functionalization using unconventional media for the design of products showing new superstructures. Biomacromolecules 2003; 2:1124-32. [PMID: 11777383 DOI: 10.1021/bm010068m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of new cellulose solvents was investigated toward their potential as media for the functionalization of the polyglucane. Thus, mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF), N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMNO)/DMSO, melts of LiClO(4).3H(2)O, and aqueous solutions of Ni(tren)(OH)(2) [tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine] were applied as reaction media. In case of the new solvent, DMSO/TBAF its usefulness for derivatization reactions including the etherification with sodium monochloroacetate and the acylation with vinyl esters of carbonic acids was studied. The structural features of the products were analyzed by means of (1)H NMR spectroscopy (after depolymerization or peresterification), (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and HPLC after complete hydrolytic chain degradation. The results were compared with those obtained from derivatives prepared using the solvent N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/LiCl and conventional, heterogeneous synthesis. It can be shown that in case of carboxymethylation reactions the reaction medium applied has a drastic influence both on the course of reaction and on the structural features of the products. A highly efficient tool was found to be atomic force microscopy (AFM), showing remarkable differences in the superstructures of the differentially synthesized derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F Liebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fraser-Reid B, Lopez JC, Radhakrishnan KV, Mach M, Schlueter U, Gomez A, Uriel C. Reciprocal donor acceptor selectivity (RDAS): A new concept for "matching" donors with acceptors. CAN J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1139/v02-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lemieux's extensive work on replacement reactions at the anomeric center helped to establish the fact that the O-2-protecting group of a donor exerts powerful control over stereoselectivity in glycoside coupling reactions. This manuscript shows that the O-2-protecting group of a donor also exerts powerful, indeed sometimes total, control over regioselectivity in glycosidation of diols. The latter acceptors also exhibit preferences over the donor, thereby providing evidence for the concept of reciprocal donor acceptor selectivity (RDAS). The latter concept is put to the test by simultaneously presenting an acceptor diol with equivalent amounts of two donors, in the hope of achieving double differential glycosidation leading to one-pot assembly of a trisaccharide. When the pair of donors did not conform to RDAS principles the reaction did not proceed beyond a dissacharide. However, when the pair was RDAS sanctioned, a single trisaccharide (out of four possibilities) was obtained.Key words: regiocontrolled glycosidation, armed and disarmed donors, di- and trioxolenium ions, oxocarbenium ion.
Collapse
|
29
|
Das SK, Mallet JM, Esnault J, Driguez PA, Duchaussoy P, Sizun P, Herault JP, Herbert JM, Petitou M, Sinaÿ P. Synthesis of conformationally locked L-iduronic acid derivatives: direct evidence for a critical role of the skew-boat 2S0 conformer in the activation of antithrombin by heparin. Chemistry 2001; 7:4821-34. [PMID: 11763451 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20011119)7:22<4821::aid-chem4821>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have used organic synthesis to understand the role of L-iduronic acid conformational flexibility in the activation of antithrombin by heparin. Among known synthetic analogues of the genuine pentasaccharidic sequence representing the antithrombin binding site of heparin, we have selected as a reference compound the methylated anti-factor Xa pentasaccharide 1. As in the genuine original fragment, the single L-iduronic acid moiety of this molecule exists in water solution as an equilibrium between three conformers 1C4, 4C1 and 2S0. We have thus synthesized three analogues of 1, in which the L-iduronic acid unit is locked in one of these three fixed conformations. A covalent two atom bridge between carbon atoms two and five of L-iduronic acid was first introduced to lock the pseudorotational itinerary of the pyranoid ring around the 2S0 form. A key compound to achieve this connection was the D-glucose derivative 5 in which the H-5 hydrogen atom has been replaced by a vinyl group, which is a progenitor of the carboxylic acid. Selective manipulations of this molecule resulted in the 2S0-type pentasaccharide 23. Starting from the D-glucose derivative 28, a covalent two atom bridge was now built up between carbon atoms three and five to lock the L-iduronic acid moiety around the 1C4 chair form conformation, and the 1C4-type pentasaccharide 43 was synthesized. Finally the L-iduronic acid containing disaccharide 58 which, due to the presence of the methoxymethyl substituent at position five adopts a 4C1 conformation, was directly used to synthesize the 4C1-type pentasaccharide 61. The locked pentasaccharide 23 showed about the same activity as the reference compound 1 in an antithrombin-mediated anti-Xa assay, whereas the two pentasaccharides 43 and 61 displayed very low activity. These results clearly establish the critical importance of the 2S0 conformation of L-iduronic acid in the activation of antithrombin by heparin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Das
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie Associé au CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Söderberg E, Westman J, Oscarson* S. RAPID CARBOHYDRATE PROTECTING GROUP MANIPULATIONS ASSISTED BY MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC HEATING. J Carbohydr Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/car-100105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
31
|
Petitou M, Imberty A, Duchaussoy P, Driguez PA, Ceccato ML, Gourvenec F, Sizun P, Hérault JP, Pérez S, Herbert JM. Experimental proof for the structure of a thrombin-inhibiting heparin molecule. Chemistry 2001; 7:858-73. [PMID: 11288878 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010216)7:4<858::aid-chem858>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic studies of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin in the presence of heparin have shown that thrombin binds to heparin in a preformed heparin-antithrombin complex. To study the relative position of the thrombin binding domain and the antithrombin binding domain on a heparin molecule we have designed and synthesized heparin mimetics, which structurally are very similar to the genuine polysaccharide. Their inhibitory properties with respect to factor Xa and thrombin provide experimental evidence that in heparin the thrombin binding domain must be located at the nonreducing end of the antithrombin binding domain to observe thrombin inhibition. As expected, factor Xa inhibition is not affected by elongation of the antithrombin binding pentasaccharide sequence, regardless of the position in which this elongation takes place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Petitou
- Département Cardiovasculaire/Thrombose Sanofi-Synthélabo, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baumann H, Faust V. Concepts for improved regioselective placement of O-sulfo, N-sulfo, N-acetyl, and N-carboxymethyl groups in chitosan derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2001; 331:43-57. [PMID: 11284504 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper a new strategy has been studied to introduce solely or in combination N-sulfo, O-sulfo, N-acetyl, and N-carboxymethyl groups into chitosan with highest possible regioselectivity and completeness and defined distribution along the polymer chain. The aim was to generate compounds having lowest toxicity for determining the pharmacological structure function relationships among different backbone structures and differently arranged functional groups compared to those of heparin and heparan sulfate. The water-soluble starting material, chitosan, with a degree of acetylation (DA) of 0.14 and a molecular weight of 29 kD, allows one to apply most of the known reactions of chitosan as well as some reactions of heparin chemistry successfully and with improved regioselectivity and completeness. On the other hand, a number of these reactions were not successful by application to water-soluble high-molecular-weight chitosan (DA 0.45 and 150 kD). The starting material showed statistical N-acetyl (N-Ac) distribution along the polymer chain according to the rules of Bernoulli, with highest abundance of the GlcNAc-GlcNAc diad along with a lower abundance of triads, tetrads, and pentads. The space between the N-Ac groups was filled up in homogeneous reactions by N-sulfo and/or N-carboxymethyl groups, which also resulted in a Bernoulli statistical distribution. The N-substitution reaction showed highest regioselectivity and completeness with up to three combined different functional groups. The regioselectivity of the 3-O-sulfo groups was improved by regioselective 6-desulfation of nearly completely sulfated 3,6-di-O-sulfochitosan. By means of desulfation reactions, all of the possible intermediate sulfated products are possible. 6-O-Sulfo groups can also be introduced with highest regioselectivity and completeness, and a number of partially 6-desulfated products are possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Baumann
- ITMC, Macromolecular Chemistry and Textile Chemistry, Hemocompatible and Biocompatible Biomaterials, University of Technology Aachen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang W, Zhang Y, Sollogoub M, Sinaÿ P. Von Glucose zu Cyclooctan-Carbaglucose: eine neue Klasse von Kohlenhydratmimetika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000717)112:14<2588::aid-ange2588>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
34
|
Sears P, Wong CH. Kohlenhydratmimetika: ein neuer Lösungsansatz für das Problem der kohlenhydratvermittelten biologischen Erkennung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990816)111:16<2446::aid-ange2446>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
35
|
Joint European IIS Conference. Central European division and UK chapter. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(1998110)41:11<1017::aid-jlcr205>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
36
|
Petitou M, Duchaussoy P, Driguez PA, Jaurand G, Hérault JP, Lormeau JC, van Boeckel CAA, Herbert JM. Die ersten synthetischen Kohlenhydrate mit den vollständigen antikoagulierenden Eigenschaften von Heparin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19981102)110:21<3186::aid-ange3186>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
37
|
Baumann H, Scheen H, Huppertz B, Keller R. Novel regio- and stereoselective O-6-desulfation of the glucosamine moiety of heparin with N-methylpyrrolidinone-water or N,N-dimethylformamide-water mixtures. Carbohydr Res 1998; 308:381-8. [PMID: 9711830 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The degree of completeness and selectivity of the solvolytic O-6-desulfation reactions of the glucosamine moiety adjacent to the 2-O-sulfoiduronic acid group of heparin was systematically studied. Using solutions of various ammonium salts of heparin (salts of tributylamine, quinoline and pyridine) in mixtures of 9:1 aprotic solvents and water (solvents of medium polarity, in order of decreasing polarity: Me2SO > Me2NCHO > Me2NAc > N-methylpyrrolidinone), the influence of different reaction conditions were studied. The ammonium salt of heparin with a strong base (e.g., tributylamine) in Me2SO showed almost no desulfation, while in Me2NCHO a relatively low degree of completeness of O-6-desulfation (30%) with moderate selectivity (15% [I-2(OS)]-desulfation) was observed. Weak bases like quinoline or pyridine in Me2SO-water resulted in nearly complete [A-6(OS)]-desulfation (95 and 94%, respectively) with low selectivity [I-2(OS)]-desulfation (49 and 35%, respectively). The heparin pyridinium salt in Me2NCHO-water showed both a relatively high degree of completeness and high selectivity (72% [A-6(OS)]- and 8% [I-2(OS)]-desulfation). The highest regioselectivity (i.e., a high degree of completeness accompanied by high selectivity) was achieved using an N-methylpyrrolidinone-water mixture (88% [A-6(OS)]-desulfation and 10% [I-2(OS)]-desulfation). A nearly complete O-6-desulfation (95%), accompanied by a lower selectivity (18% [I-2(OS)]-desulfation), was achieved when the reaction was carried out twice. Lower temperature improved selectivity (5% [I-2(OS)]-desulfation) but reduced the completeness of [A-6(OS)]-desulfation (72%). In comparison with the variety of O-6-desulfations reported to date, the novel reactions presented in this article led to remarkable increase in completeness and regioselectivity of the reactions that were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Baumann
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Textile Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kehr C, Neidlein R, Engh RA, Brandsretter H, Kucznierz R, Leinert H, Marzenell K, Strein K, Saal WVD. A Short Synthesis of the Factor-Xa Inhibitor DX-9065a using palladium-catalyzed key steps. Helv Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19970800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Westerduin P, Basten JEM, Broekhoven MA, de Kimpe V, Kuijpers WHA, van Boeckel CAA. Synthese von maßgeschneiderten Glycokonjugaten, die AT-III-vermittelt die Blutgerinnungsfaktoren Xa und Thrombin inhibieren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19961080316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Wessel HP, Bartsch S. Conformational flexibility in highly sulfated beta-D-glucopyranoside derivatives. Carbohydr Res 1995; 274:1-9. [PMID: 7585701 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00131-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Triggered by findings on heparin-like disaccharides, the conformation of sulfated glucopyranosides was investigated. Sodium (methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-sulfonato-beta-D-glucopyranosid)uronate tetrasodium salt is in a conformational equilibrium, to which a non-chair conformation contributes. The same is true for methyl (methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-sulfonato-beta-D-glucopyranosid)uronate trisodium salt, methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-sulfonato-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetrasodium salt, and octa-O-sulfonato-beta, beta-trehalose octasodium salt, with less obvious non-chair contributions. The effect is charge related. The conformational effect, which does not occur in analogous alpha-D-glucopyranoside derivatives, is discussed in terms of the anomeric effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P Wessel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharma Division, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dodt J. Gerinnungshemmende Wirkstoffe blutsaugender Tiere: von Hirudin zu Hirudinmimetica. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19951070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Wessel HP, Vieira E, Trumtel M, Tschopp TB, Iberg N. The heparin-like antiproliferative activity of sulfated tetrasaccharides is sensitive to structural variation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00051-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
43
|
Langston S, Bernet B, Vasella A. Temporary Protection and Activation in the Regioselective Synthesis of Saccharide Sulfates. Helv Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|