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Xiao KJ, Luo JM, Xia XE, Wang Y, Huang PQ. General One-Pot Reductivegem-Bis-Alkylation of Tertiary Lactams/Amides: Rapid Construction of 1-Azaspirocycles and Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Cephalotaxine. Chemistry 2013; 19:13075-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang QW, Xiang K, Tu YQ, Zhang SY, Zhang XM, Zhao YM, Zhang TC. Formal synthesis of (-)-cephalotaxine based on a tandem hydroamination/semipinacol rearrangement reaction. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:894-8. [PMID: 22383373 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Tietze L, Redert T, Bell H, Hellkamp S, Levy L. Efficient Synthesis of the Structural Core of Tetracyclines by a Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Tsuji–Trost–Heck–Mizoroki Reaction. Chemistry 2008; 14:2527-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Eckelbarger JD, Wilmot JT, Epperson MT, Thakur CS, Shum D, Antczak C, Tarassishin L, Djaballah H, Gin DY. Synthesis of antiproliferative Cephalotaxus esters and their evaluation against several human hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines: uncovering differential susceptibilities to multidrug resistance. Chemistry 2008; 14:4293-306. [PMID: 18366032 PMCID: PMC2631657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyharringtonine (2), homoharringtonine (3), homodeoxyharringtonine (4), and anhydroharringtonine (5) are reported to be among the most potent members of the antileukemia alkaloids isolated from the Cephalotaxus genus. Convergent syntheses of these four natural products are described, each involving novel synthetic methods and strategies. These syntheses enabled evaluation of several advanced natural and non-natural compounds against an array of human hematopoietic and solid tumor cells. Potent cytotoxicity was observed in several cell lines previously not challenged with these alkaloids. Variations in the structure of the ester chain within this family of alkaloids confer differing activity profiles against vincristine-resistant HL-60/RV+, signalling new avenues for molecular design of these natural products to combat multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Eckelbarger
- J. D. Eckelbarger, M. T. Epperson, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Jeremy T. Wilmot
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Matthew T. Epperson
- J. D. Eckelbarger, M. T. Epperson, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Chandar S. Thakur
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - David Shum
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Christophe Antczak
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Leonid Tarassishin
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Hakim Djaballah
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - David Y. Gin
- J. T. Wilmot, C. S. Thakur, D. Shum, C. Antczak, L. Tarassishin, Dr. H. Djaballah, Prof. D. Y. Gin, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
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Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed transformations are of great importance in modern synthetic organic chemistry. The vast number of reactions that can be catalyzed by Pd0- as well as Pd2+-complexes in combination with the relative stability of the intermediates offers the intriguing opportunity of carrying out multiple consecutive bond-forming processes. They can be even performed in a domino fashion and in the presence of chiral ligands to allow the efficient preparation of almost enantiopure compounds. In this article, the use of double Heck, Tsuji-Trost-Heck, and Wacker-Heck reactions for the total syntheses of estradiol, spinosyn A analogs, cephalotaxine, and vitamin E is described.
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Abstract
A main issue in modern synthetic organic chemistry, which deals with the preparation of natural products, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, agrochemicals, and other important materials, is the improvement of efficiency, the avoidance of toxic reagents, the reduction of waste, and the responsible treatment of our resources. One of the ways to fulfill these goals is the development and use of domino processes, which consist of several bond-forming reactions and which allow the highly efficient synthesis of complex molecules starting from simple substrates. Herein, the combination of several catalytic bond-forming transformations is clearly most appropriate. The synthesis of the enantiopure alkaloid (-)-hirsutine 22, which has a strong inhibitorial effect on influenza A viruses, was accomplished using a biomimetic domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels Alder-solvolysis-hydrogenation process. In a similar way the alkaloids (+)-dihydrocorynantheine 23 and (-)-dihydroantirhine 24 as well as heterosteroids 62, D-homosteroids 65 and 68, and azasteroids 25 are prepared. In addition, novel steroid alkaloids 26 are accessible by a combination of the formation of an iminium salt, a hydride shift, and an alkylation. The anti-leukemic pentacyclic (-)-cephalotaxine 27 is obtained by a combination of two Pd-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Tietze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37075 G]ottingen, Germany.
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