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Wood SE, Sinsinbar G, Gudlur S, Nallani M, Huang CF, Liedberg B, Mrksich M. A Bottom-Up Proteomic Approach to Identify Substrate Specificity of Outer-Membrane Protease OmpT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Wood
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Gaurav Sinsinbar
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Che-Fan Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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2
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Wood SE, Sinsinbar G, Gudlur S, Nallani M, Huang CF, Liedberg B, Mrksich M. A Bottom-Up Proteomic Approach to Identify Substrate Specificity of Outer-Membrane Protease OmpT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16531-16535. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Wood
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Gaurav Sinsinbar
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Sushanth Gudlur
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Che-Fan Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive 637553 Singapore
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Li X, Martin SJH, Chinoy ZS, Liu L, Rittgers B, Dluhy RA, Boons GJ. Label-Free Detection of Glycan-Protein Interactions for Array Development by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Chemistry 2016; 22:11180-11185. [PMID: 27304194 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A glyco-array platform has been developed, in which glycans are attached to plasmonic nanoparticles through strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Glycan-protein binding events can then be detected in a label-free manner employing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). As proof of concept, we have analyzed the binding of Gal1, Gal3, and influenza hemagglutinins (HAs) to various glycans and demonstrated that binding partners can be identified with high confidence. The attraction of SERS for optical sensing is that it can provide unique spectral signatures for glycan-protein complexes, confirm identity through statistical validation, and minimizes false positive results common to indirect methods. Furthermore, SERS is very sensitive and has multiplexing capabilities thereby allowing the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Sharon J H Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Zoeisha S Chinoy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Brandon Rittgers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Richard A Dluhy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
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Beloqui A, Calvo J, Serna S, Yan S, Wilson IBH, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. Analysis of Microarrays by MALDI-TOF MS. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Beloqui A, Calvo J, Serna S, Yan S, Wilson IBH, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. Analysis of microarrays by MALDI-TOF MS. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7477-81. [PMID: 23757366 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligand libraries can be printed onto a sandwich composed of activated lipids embedded in a hydrophobic layer conjugated to an indium-tin oxide (ITO) surface. Arrays produced this way can be analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Applications include the assignment of enzyme specificity, the profiling of glycoforms and the identification of lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beloqui
- CICbiomaGUNE, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
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6
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Choi I, Yeo WS. Self-Assembled Monolayers with Dynamicity Stemming from (Bio)Chemical Conversions: From Construction to Application. Chemphyschem 2012; 14:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Sanchez-Ruiz A, Serna S, Ruiz N, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Enzyme Activity and Lectin Trapping on an Array of N-Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Sanchez-Ruiz A, Serna S, Ruiz N, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Enzyme Activity and Lectin Trapping on an Array of N-Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1801-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Serna S, Etxebarria J, Ruiz N, Martin-Lomas M, Reichardt NC. Construction ofN-Glycan Microarrays by Using Modular Synthesis and On-Chip Nanoscale Enzymatic Glycosylation. Chemistry 2010; 16:13163-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Liao X, Su J, Mrksich M. An adaptor domain-mediated autocatalytic interfacial kinase reaction. Chemistry 2010; 15:12303-9. [PMID: 19821459 PMCID: PMC2856317 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a model system for studying the autocatalytic phosphorylation of an immobilized substrate by a kinase enzyme. This work uses self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold to present the peptide substrate on a planar surface. Treatment of the monolayer with Abl kinase results in phosphorylation of the substrate. The phosphorylated peptide then serves as a ligand for the SH2 adaptor domain of the kinase and thereby directs the kinase activity to nearby peptide substrates. This directed reaction is intramolecular and proceeds with a faster rate than does the initial, intermolecular reaction, making this an autocatalytic process. The kinetic non-linearity gives rise to properties that have no counterpart in the corresponding homogeneous phase reaction: in one example, the rate for phosphorylation of a mixture of two peptides is faster than the sum of the rates for phosphorylation of each peptide when presented alone. This work highlights the use of an adaptor domain in modulating the activity of a kinase enzyme for an immobilized substrate and offers a new approach for studying biochemical reactions in spatially inhomogeneous settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Kim YK, Ryoo SR, Kwack SJ, Min DH. Mass Spectrometry Assisted Lithography for the Patterning of Cell Adhesion Ligands on Self-Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3507-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200806098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Kim YK, Ryoo SR, Kwack SJ, Min DH. Mass Spectrometry Assisted Lithography for the Patterning of Cell Adhesion Ligands on Self-Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Lee J, Lee J, Kim S, Kim K, Park H, Yeo WS. Mass Spectrometry Signal Amplification Method for Attomolar Detection of Antigens Using Small-Molecule-Tagged Gold Microparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9518-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Lee J, Lee J, Kim S, Kim K, Park H, Yeo WS. Mass Spectrometry Signal Amplification Method for Attomolar Detection of Antigens Using Small-Molecule-Tagged Gold Microparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Laurent N, Haddoub R, Voglmeir J, Wong SCC, Gaskell SJ, Flitsch SL. SPOT Synthesis of Peptide Arrays on Self-Assembled Monolayers and their Evaluation as Enzyme Substrates. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2592-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Zhi Z, Laurent N, Powell AK, Karamanska R, Fais M, Voglmeir J, Wright A, Blackburn JM, Crocker PR, Russell DA, Flitsch S, Field RA, Turnbull JE. A Versatile Gold Surface Approach for Fabrication and Interrogation of Glycoarrays. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1568-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Qiu F, Jiang D, Ding Y, Zhu J, Huang L. Monolayer-Barcoded Nanoparticles for On-Chip DNA Hybridization Assay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5009-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Qiu F, Jiang D, Ding Y, Zhu J, Huang L. Monolayer-Barcoded Nanoparticles for On-Chip DNA Hybridization Assay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Laurent N, Voglmeir J, Wright A, Blackburn J, Pham NT, Wong SCC, Gaskell SJ, Flitsch SL. Enzymatic glycosylation of peptide arrays on gold surfaces. Chembiochem 2008; 9:883-7. [PMID: 18330850 PMCID: PMC2635019 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Laurent
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Adam Wright
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Jonathan Blackburn
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory 7925 Cape Town (South Africa)
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- SUPA and School of Physics, University of Edinburgh Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ (UK)
| | - Stephen C. C. Wong
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Simon J. Gaskell
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN (UK)
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Marin VL, Bayburt TH, Sligar SG, Mrksich M. Functional assays of membrane-bound proteins with SAMDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 46:8796-8. [PMID: 17943935 PMCID: PMC2790068 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta L Marin
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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21
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Marin V, Bayburt T, Sligar S, Mrksich M. Functional Assays of Membrane-Bound Proteins with SAMDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Becker CFW, Wacker R, Bouschen W, Seidel R, Kolaric B, Lang P, Schroeder H, Müller O, Niemeyer CM, Spengler B, Goody RS, Engelhard M. Direct readout of protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry from protein-DNA microarrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:7635-9. [PMID: 16245381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian F W Becker
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Plutowski U, Richert C. A direct glimpse of cross-hybridization: background-passified microarrays that allow mass-spectrometric detection of captured oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:621-5. [PMID: 15597393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Plutowski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Becker CFW, Wacker R, Bouschen W, Seidel R, Kolaric B, Lang P, Schroeder H, Müller O, Niemeyer CM, Spengler B, Goody RS, Engelhard M. Direkter Nachweis von Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen durch Massenspektrometrie an Protein-DNA-Mikroarrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Min DH, Su J, Mrksich M. Profiling kinase activities by using a peptide chip and mass spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 43:5973-7. [PMID: 15547909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Yeo WS, Min DH, Hsieh RW, Greene GL, Mrksich M. Label-Free Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions on Biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5480-3. [PMID: 16052641 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Seok Yeo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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27
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Yeo WS, Min DH, Hsieh RW, Greene GL, Mrksich M. Label-Free Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions on Biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Plutowski U, Richert C. A Direct Glimpse of Cross-Hybridization: Background-Passified Microarrays That Allow Mass-Spectrometric Detection of Captured Oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Shin I, Park S, Lee MR. Carbohydrate Microarrays: An Advanced Technology for Functional Studies of Glycans. Chemistry 2005; 11:2894-901. [PMID: 15635679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The biological significance of glycans in the post-genomic era requires the development of new technologies to enable functional studies of carbohydrates in a high-throughput manner. Recently, carbohydrate microarrays have been exploited as an advanced technology for this purpose. Efficient immobilization methods for carbohydrate probes on the proper surface are essential for the successful fabrication of carbohydrate microarrays. Up to date, several techniques have been developed to attach simple or complex carbohydrates to a solid surface. The developed glycan microarrays have been applied for functional glycomics, drug discovery, and diagnosis. In this concept article, we discuss the progress of immobilization methods of carbohydrates on solid surfaces, their potential uses for biological research and biomedical applications, and possible solutions for some remaining challenges to improve this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Min DH, Su J, Mrksich M. Profiling Kinase Activities by Using a Peptide Chip and Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ratner DM, Adams EW, Su J, O'Keefe BR, Mrksich M, Seeberger PH. Probing Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions with Microarrays of Synthetic Oligosaccharides. Chembiochem 2004; 5:379-82. [PMID: 14997532 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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