1
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Droguett K, Quintero GE, Santos JG, Aliaga ME. Advancement in supramolecular control of organic reactivity induced by cucurbit[n]urils. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Cioc RC, Crockatt M, van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx PCA. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels-Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114720. [PMID: 35014138 PMCID: PMC9304315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomass‐derived furanic platform molecules have emerged as promising building blocks for renewable chemicals and functional materials. To this aim, the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition stands out as a versatile strategy to convert these renewable resources in highly atom‐efficient ways. Despite nearly a century worth of examples of furan DA chemistry, clear structure–reactivity–stability relationships are still to be established. Detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics in these very particular [4+2] cycloadditions is essential to push further development and truly expand the scope beyond the ubiquitous addend combinations of electron‐rich furans and electron‐deficient olefins. Herein, we provide pertinent examples of DA chemistry, taken from various fields, to highlight trends, establish correlations and answer open questions in the field with the aim to support future efforts in the sustainable chemicals and materials production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Crockatt
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628, CA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C van der Waal
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNO, Leeghwaterstraat 44, 2628, CA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C A Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Cioc R, Crockatt M, Van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx P. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels‐Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Cioc
- Utrecht University: Universiteit Utrecht Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Marc Crockatt
- TNO Sustainable Process and Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Pieter Bruijnincx
- Utrecht University Chemistry Universiteitsweg99Netherlands 3584 CG Utrecht NETHERLANDS
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4
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Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Bitsch RS, Iversen MV, Jørgensen KA. A Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Route to Functionalized
trans
‐Diels–Alder Products Having the Norcarane Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper L. Barløse
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Niklas L. Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - René S. Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Marc V. Iversen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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5
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Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Bitsch RS, Iversen MV, Jørgensen KA. A Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Route to Functionalized trans-Diels-Alder Products Having the Norcarane Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18318-18327. [PMID: 34080269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective methodology to construct trans-Diels-Alder scaffolds by organocatalysis with excellent selectivity, high yield and up to five contiguous stereocenters is presented. The reaction concept integrates the halogen effect and a novel discovered pseudo-halogen effect to direct an endo-selective, secondary-amine catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction allowing for the subsequent formation of trans-Diels-Alder cycloadducts featuring the norcarene scaffold. The methodology relies on the reaction between an in situ generated trienamine and an α-brominated or α-pseudo-halogenated enone to form a fleeting cis-Diels-Alder intermediate. The endo-transition state-enhanced by the (pseudo-)halogen effect-sets the stereochemistry that allows for a subsequent SN 2-like reaction at a tertiary center to obtain the trans-Diels-Alder scaffold. The mechanism was investigated and supported by experimental results as well as computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper L Barløse
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niklas L Østergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - René S Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marc V Iversen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Lording WJ, Fallon T, Sherburn MS, Paddon-Row MN. The simplest Diels-Alder reactions are not endo-selective. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11915-11926. [PMID: 34123213 PMCID: PMC8162770 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a widespread perception that the high level of endo selectivity witnessed in many Diels-Alder reactions is an intrinsic feature of the transformation. In contrast to expectations based upon this existing belief, the first experimental Diels-Alder reactions of a novel, deuterium-labeled 1,3-butadiene with commonly used mono-substituted alkenic dienophiles (acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, acrylamide and acrylonitrile) reveal kinetic endo : exo ratios close to 1 : 1. Maleonitrile, butenolide, α-methylene γ-butyrolactone, and N-methylmaleimide behave differently, as does methyl vinyl ketone under Lewis acid catalysis. CBS-QB3 calculations incorporating solvent and temperature parameters give endo : exo product ratios that are in near quantitative agreement with these and earlier experimental findings. This work challenges the preconception of innate endo-selectivity by providing the first experimental evidence that the simplest Diels-Alder reactions are not endo-selective. Trends in behaviour are traced to steric and electronic effects in Diels-Alder transition structures, giving new insights into these fundamental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lording
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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7
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Sugiura H, Yamazaki S, Go K, Ogawa A. Intramolecular Cyclization of 3,3-Diarylpropenylamides of Electron-Deficient Alkenes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Hexahydrobenzo[ f
]isoindoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Sugiura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; Gakuen-cho 1-1 599-8531 Nakaku, Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Shoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry; Nara University of Education; Takabatake-cho 630-8528 Nara Japan
| | - Kakeru Go
- Department of Chemistry; Nara University of Education; Takabatake-cho 630-8528 Nara Japan
| | - Akiya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; Gakuen-cho 1-1 599-8531 Nakaku, Sakai Osaka Japan
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8
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Palma A, Artelsmair M, Wu G, Lu X, Barrow SJ, Uddin N, Rosta E, Masson E, Scherman OA. Cucurbit[7]uril as a Supramolecular Artificial Enzyme for Diels-Alder Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Palma
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Markus Artelsmair
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ohio University; Athens Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Steven J. Barrow
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Najib Uddin
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ohio University; Athens Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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9
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Palma A, Artelsmair M, Wu G, Lu X, Barrow SJ, Uddin N, Rosta E, Masson E, Scherman OA. Cucurbit[7]uril as a Supramolecular Artificial Enzyme for Diels-Alder Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15688-15692. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Palma
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Markus Artelsmair
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ohio University; Athens Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Steven J. Barrow
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Najib Uddin
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ohio University; Athens Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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10
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Duan A, Yu P, Liu F, Qiu H, Gu FL, Doyle MP, Houk KN. Diazo Esters as Dienophiles in Intramolecular (4 + 2) Cycloadditions: Computational Explorations of Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2766-2770. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education;
School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Huang Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education;
School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Michael P. Doyle
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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11
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Levandowski BJ, Houk KN. Theoretical analysis of reactivity patterns in Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, and cycloheptadiene with symmetrical and unsymmetrical dienophiles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3530-7. [PMID: 25741891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, and cycloheptadiene with a series of dienophiles were studied with quantum mechanical calculations (M06-2X density functional theory) and analyzed with the distortion/interaction model. The poor reactivities of cyclohexadiene and cycloheptadiene with dienophiles that give relatively synchronous transition states result from the substantial distortion required to achieve a transition state involving the formation of two bonds of the diene simultaneously. However, highly asynchronous or stepwise reactions result in less distortion of the diene and less differences in reactivities of different dienes. The transition state geometry of cyclopentadiene is less distorted in the asynchronous reaction with 1,1-dicyanoethylene compared to that with cis- and trans-1,2-dicyanoethylenes, which react through synchronous transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Levandowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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12
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Pham HV, Paton R, Ross AG, Danishefsky SJ, Houk KN. Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of cycloalkenones: stereoselectivity, Lewis acid acceleration, and halogen substituent effects. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2397-403. [PMID: 24410341 PMCID: PMC3965351 DOI: 10.1021/ja410220w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of cycloalkenones and terminal dienes occur with high endo stereoselectivity, both thermally and under Lewis-acidic conditions. Through computations, we show that steric repulsion and tether conformation govern the selectivity of the reaction, and incorporation of either BF3 or α-halogenation increases the rate of cycloaddition. With a longer tether, isomerization from a terminal diene to the more stable internal diene results in a more facile cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung V. Pham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Robert
S. Paton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey G. Ross
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Novartis
Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Laboratory
for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering
Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United
States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California-Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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13
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Paton RS, Kim S, Ross AG, Danishefsky SJ, Houk KN. Experimental Diels-Alder Reactivities of Cycloalkenones and Cyclic Dienes Explained through Transition-State Distortion Energies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Paton RS, Kim S, Ross AG, Danishefsky SJ, Houk KN. Experimental Diels-Alder Reactivities of Cycloalkenones and Cyclic Dienes Explained through Transition-State Distortion Energies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10366-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Paddon-Row MN, Longshaw AI, Willis AC, Sherburn MS. On the effect of tether composition on cis/trans selectivity in intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:126-34. [PMID: 19006172 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) transition structures (TSs) and energies have been computed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) and CBS-QB3 levels of theory for a series of 1,3,8-nonatrienes, H(2)C=CH-CH=CH-CH(2)-X-Z-CH=CH(2) [-X-Z- = -CH(2)-CH(2)- (1); -O-C(=O)- (2); -CH(2)-C(=O)- (3); -O-CH(2)- (4); -NH-C(=O)- (5); -S-C(=O)- (6); -O-C(=S)- (7); -NH-C(=S)- (8); -S-C(=S)- (9)]. For each system studied (1-9), cis- and trans-TS isomers, corresponding, respectively, to endo- and exo-positioning of the -C-X-Z- tether with respect to the diene, have been located and their relative energies (E(rel) (TS)) employed to predict the cis/trans IMDA product ratio. Although the E(rel) (TS) values are modest (typically <3 kJ mol(-1)), they follow a clear and systematic trend. Specifically, as the electronegativity of the tether group X is reduced (X=O --> NH or S), the IMDA cis stereoselectivity diminishes. The predicted stereochemical reaction preferences are explained in terms of two opposing effects operating in the cis-TS, namely (1) unfavorable torsional (eclipsing) strain about the C4-C5 bond, that is caused by the -C-X-C(=Y)- group's strong tendency to maintain local planarity; and (2) attractive electrostatic and secondary orbital interactions between the endo-(thio)carbonyl group, C=Y, and the diene. The former interaction predominates when X is weakly electronegative (X=N, S), while the latter is dominant when X is more strongly electronegative (X=O), or a methylene group (X=CH(2)) which increases tether flexibility. These predictions hold up to experimental scrutiny, with synthetic IMDA reactions of 1, 2, 3, and 4 (published work) and 5, 6, and 8 (this work) delivering ratios close to those calculated. The reactions of thiolacrylate 5 and thioamide 8 represent the first examples of IMDA reactions with tethers of these types. Our results point to strategies for designing tethers, which lead to improved cis/trans-selectivities in IMDAs that are normally only weakly selective. Experimental verification of the validity of this claim comes in the form of fumaramide 14, which undergoes a more trans-selective IMDA reaction than the corresponding ester tethered precursor 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Paddon-Row
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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16
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Pieniazek SN, Clemente FR, Houk KN. Sources of error in DFT computations of C-C bond formation thermochemistries: pi-->sigma transformations and error cancellation by DFT methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7746-9. [PMID: 18752237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Pieniazek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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17
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Pieniazek S, Clemente F, Houk K. Sources of Error in DFT Computations of CC Bond Formation Thermochemistries: π→σ Transformations and Error Cancellation by DFT Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Claeys DD, Moonen K, Roman BI, Nemykin VN, Zhdankin VV, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. Synthesis of Tricyclic Phosphonopyrrolidines via IMDAF: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Observed Stereoselectivity. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7921-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801138s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diederica D. Claeys
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Moonen
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart I. Roman
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, and Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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