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Verzele D, Madder A. Patchwork protein chemistry: a practitioner's treatise on the advances in synthetic peptide stitchery. Chembiochem 2014; 14:1032-48. [PMID: 23775826 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the study of peptides and proteins at the heart of many scientific endeavors, the omics era heralded a multitude of opportunities for chemists and biologists alike. Across the interface with life sciences, peptide chemistry plays an indispensable role, and progress made over the past decades now allows proteins to be treated as molecular patchworks stitched together through synthetic tailoring. The continuous elaboration of sophisticated strategies notwithstanding, Merrifield's solid-phase methodology remains a cornerstone of chemical protein design. Although the non-practitioner might misjudge peptide synthesis as trivial, routine, or dull given its long history, we comment here on its many advances, obstacles, and prospects from a practitioner's point of view. While sharing our perspectives through thematic highlights across the literature, this treatise provides an interpretive overview as a guide to novices, and a recap for specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Verzele
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Malins LR, Mitchell NJ, Payne RJ. Peptide ligation chemistry at selenol amino acids. J Pept Sci 2013; 20:64-77. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Malins
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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Wilson RM, Dong S, Wang P, Danishefsky SJ. The winding pathway to erythropoietin along the chemistry-biology frontier: a success at last. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7646-65. [PMID: 23775885 PMCID: PMC4729195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of a homogeneous erythropoietin (EPO), possessing the native amino acid sequence and chitobiose glycans at each of the three wild-type sites of N glycosylation, has been accomplished in our laboratory. We provide herein an account of our decade-long research effort en route to this formidable target compound. The optimization of the synergy of the two bedrock sciences we now call biology and chemistry was central to the success of the synthesis of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Suwei Dong
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027
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Asahina Y, Kamitori S, Takao T, Nishi N, Hojo H. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Immunoglobulin Domain of Tim-3 Carrying a Complex-Type N-Glycan by Using a One-pot Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Asahina Y, Kamitori S, Takao T, Nishi N, Hojo H. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Immunoglobulin Domain of Tim-3 Carrying a Complex-Type N-Glycan by Using a One-pot Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9733-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wilson RM, Dong S, Wang P, Danishefsky SJ. Der gewundene Pfad zum Erythropoietin entlang der Grenze von Chemie und Biologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dong S, Shang S, Tan Z, Danishefsky SJ. Toward Homogeneous Erythropoietin: Application of Metal Free Dethiylation in the Chemical Synthesis of the Ala79-Arg166 Glycopeptide Domain. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:968-976. [PMID: 23585694 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein the assembly of hEPO(79-166), a key glycopeptide segment en route to erythropoietin, in minimally protected form. Key to the success of this synthetic endeavor was the application of our two-step cysteine-free native chemical ligation strategy, by which we achieved formal ligation at alanine and proline residues through the use of an N-terminal amino acid surrogate presenting a readily removable thiol functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Dong
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Taleski D, Butler SJ, Stone MJ, Payne RJ. Divergent and site-selective solid-phase synthesis of sulfopeptides. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1316-20. [PMID: 21509944 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deni Taleski
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Antifreeze glycoproteins are an important class of biological antifreezes that have potential applications in many areas of medicine, agriculture and industry in which ice crystal growth is damaging. While the synthesis of antifreeze glycoproteins as pure glycoforms has recently been achieved by using ligation and polymerisation strategies, the routine production of large quantities of pure glycoforms remains challenging. A range of C-linked analogues that are readily produced by solid-phase synthesis have delivered novel compounds that are not biological antifreezes, but are potent, non-cytotoxic, ice-recrystallisation inhibitors. Structure-activity studies, the identification of cyclic antifreeze glycoproteins and conformational studies have provided further insight into the requirements for antifreeze activity. These results, coupled with significant advances in approaches to the routine synthesis of different glycoproteins and mimics, present opportunities for the design and synthesis of novel ice-growth-inhibiting and antifreeze compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Garner
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Wang C, Guo Q, Fu Y. Theoretical Analysis of the Detailed Mechanism of Native Chemical Ligation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
| | - Qing‐Xiang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China), Fax: (+86) 551‐3606689
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Tan Z, Shang S, Danishefsky SJ. Insights into the finer issues of native chemical ligation: an approach to cascade ligations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9500-3. [PMID: 21053233 PMCID: PMC3199326 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and broadly useful two-step ligation protocol is developed. Important mechanistic issues of ligation were probed from diastereomeric competition studies on the formation of the ligation products. We also report an instance of kinetically controlled ligation through the exploitation of selectivity differences between related N-termini. This study potentially provides a valuable approach to facilitate polypeptide synthesis by minimizing protecting group manipulations and intermediate isolations..
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Tan
- Dr. Z. Tan, Dr. S. Shang, Prof. S. J. Danishefsky, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Shiying Shang
- Dr. Z. Tan, Dr. S. Shang, Prof. S. J. Danishefsky, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Dr. Z. Tan, Dr. S. Shang, Prof. S. J. Danishefsky, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (USA)
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Tan Z, Shang S, Danishefsky SJ. Insights into the Finer Issues of Native Chemical Ligation: An Approach to Cascade Ligations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Zheng JS, Cui HK, Fang GM, Xi WX, Liu L. Chemical protein synthesis by kinetically controlled ligation of peptide O-esters. Chembiochem 2010; 11:511-5. [PMID: 20157912 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Chen J, Wan Q, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Danishefsky SJ. Native chemical ligation at valine: a contribution to peptide and glycopeptide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8521-4. [PMID: 18833563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselektive Ligations- und Modifikationsstrategien für Peptide und Proteine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Chemoselective Ligation and Modification Strategies for Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:10030-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Chen J, Wan Q, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Danishefsky S. Native Chemical Ligation at Valine: A Contribution to Peptide and Glycopeptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Payne R, Ficht S, Greenberg W, Wong CH. Cysteine-Free Peptide and Glycopeptide Ligation by Direct Aminolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Payne R, Ficht S, Greenberg W, Wong CH. Cysteine-Free Peptide and Glycopeptide Ligation by Direct Aminolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:4411-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wan Q, Danishefsky SJ. Free-radical-based, specific desulfurization of cysteine: a powerful advance in the synthesis of polypeptides and glycopolypeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 46:9248-52. [PMID: 18046687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wan
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Sun B, Srinivasan B, Huang X. Pre-activation-based one-pot synthesis of an alpha-(2,3)-sialylated core-fucosylated complex type bi-antennary N-glycan dodecasaccharide. Chemistry 2008; 14:7072-81. [PMID: 18601234 PMCID: PMC2733368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of N-glycans is of high current interests due to their important biological properties. A highly efficient convergent strategy based on the pre-activation method for assembly of the complex type core fucosylated bi-antennary N-glycan dodecasaccharide has been developed. Retrosynthetically, this extremely challenging target is broken down to three modules: a sialyl disaccharide, a glucosamine building block and a hexasaccharide diol acceptor. The sialyl disaccharide was easily obtained by selective activation of a new 5-N-trichloroacetyl protected sialyl donor in the presence of a thiogalactoside acceptor. The hexasaccharide diol module was produced by double mannosylation of a fucosylated tetrasaccharide acceptor, which in turn was generated by glycosylation of a alpha-fucosylated disaccharide with a beta-mannose containing disaccharide donor. The union of the three modules was performed in one-pot giving the fully protected dodecasaccharide in high yield. This synthesis is characterized by minimum protective group and aglycon adjustment on oligosaccharide intermediates, thus greatly enhancing the overall synthetic efficiency. The modular feature of this strategy suggests that this method can be readily adapted to the synthesis of a wide variety of N-glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Wan Q, Danishefsky S. Free-Radical-Based, Specific Desulfurization of Cysteine: A Powerful Advance in the Synthesis of Polypeptides and Glycopolypeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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