1
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Das A, Sarkar P, Maji S, Pati SK, Mandal SK. Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Imines as Super Nucleophiles in Catalytic Couplings of Amides with CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213614. [PMID: 36259383 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An extended class of stable mesoionic N-heterocyclic imines (mNHIs), containing a highly polarized exocyclic imine moiety, were synthesized. The calculated proton affinities (PA) and experimentally determined Tolman electronic parameters (TEPs) reveal that these synthesized mNHIs have the highest basicity and donor ability among NHIs reported so far. The superior nucleophilicity of newly designed mNHIs was utilized in devising a strategy to incorporate CO2 as a bridging unit under reductive conditions to couple inert primary amides. This strategy was further extended to hetero-couplings between amide and amine using CO2 . These hitherto unknown catalytic transformations were introduced in the diversification of various biologically active drug molecules under metal-free conditions. The underlying mechanism was explored by performing a series of control experiments, characterizing key intermediates using spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Department Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subir Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Department Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, India
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2
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Trzmiel S, Langmann J, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Scherer W, Anwander R. Über Takais Olefinierungsreagenz hinaus: Anhaltende Dehalogenierung mündet in einem Chrom(III)‐μ
3
‐Methylidin‐Komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trzmiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für Physik Universität Augsburg Universitätsstr. 1 86159 Augsburg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für Physik Universität Augsburg Universitätsstr. 1 86159 Augsburg Deutschland
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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3
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Trzmiel S, Langmann J, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Scherer W, Anwander R. Beyond Takai's Olefination Reagent: Persistent Dehalogenation Emerges in a Chromium(III)-μ 3 -Methylidyne Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20049-20054. [PMID: 34213805 PMCID: PMC8456800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of CHI3 with six equivalents of CrCl2 in THF at low temperatures affords [Cr3 Cl3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)(thf)6 ] as the first isolable high-yield CrIII μ3 -methylidyne complex. Substitution of the terminal chlorido ligands via salt metathesis with alkali-metal cyclopentadienides generates isostructural half-sandwich chromium(III)-μ3 -methylidynes [CpR 3 Cr3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)] (CpR =C5 H5 , C5 Me5 , C5 H4 SiMe3 ). Side and decomposition products of the Cl/CpR exchange reactions were identified and structurally characterized for [Cr4 (μ2 -Cl)4 (μ2 -I)2 (μ4 -O)(thf)4 ] and [(η5 -C5 H4 SiMe3 )CrCl(μ2 -Cl)2 Li(thf)2 ]. The Cl/CpR exchange drastically changed the ambient-temperature effective magnetic moment μeff from 9.30/9.11 μB (solution/solid) to 3.63/4.32 μB (CpR =C5 Me5 ). Reactions of [Cr3 Cl3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)(thf)6 ] with aldehydes and ketones produce intricate mixtures of species through oxy/methylidyne exchange, which were partially identified as radical recombination products through GC/MS analysis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trzmiel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für PhysikUniversität AugsburgUniversitätsstr. 186159AugsburgGermany
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für PhysikUniversität AugsburgUniversitätsstr. 186159AugsburgGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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4
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Groos J, Hauser PM, Koy M, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Highly Reactive Cationic Molybdenum Alkylidyne N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183 W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21758-21768. [PMID: 32820864 PMCID: PMC7756321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triarylsilanolates are privileged ancillary ligands for molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts for alkyne metathesis but lead to disappointing results and poor stability in the tungsten series. 1 H,183 W heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, exploiting a favorable 5 J-coupling between the 183 W center and the peripheral protons on the alkylidyne cap, revealed that these ligands upregulate the Lewis acidity to an extent that the tungstenacyclobutadiene formed in the initial [2+2] cycloaddition step is over-stabilized and the catalytic turnover brought to a halt. Guided by the 183 W NMR shifts as a proxy for the Lewis acidity of the central atom and by an accompanying chemical shift tensor analysis of the alkylidyne unit, the ligand design was revisited and a more strongly π-donating all-alkoxide ligand prepared. The new expanded chelate complex has a tempered Lewis acidity and outperforms the classical Schrock catalyst, carrying monodentate tert-butoxy ligands, in terms of rate and functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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6
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Synthesis of Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts from Tris(dimethylamido)tungsten Precursors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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7
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183
W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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8
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Hauser PM, Ende M, Groos J, Frey W, Wang D, Buchmeiser MR. Cationic Tungsten Alkylidyne
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity in Alkyne Metathesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Hauser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Melita Ende
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jonas Groos
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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9
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Khononov M, Fridman N, Tamm M, Eisen MS. Hydroboration of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carbodiimides Promoted by Mono(imidazolin‐2‐iminato) Hafnium Complexes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Khononov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology 32000 Haifa City Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology 32000 Haifa City Israel
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut fürAnorganische und Analytische Chemie Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology 32000 Haifa City Israel
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10
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Goettel JT, Gao H, Dotzauer S, Braunschweig H. Me CAAC=N - : A Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Imino Ligand. Chemistry 2020; 26:1136-1143. [PMID: 31777982 PMCID: PMC7027825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) has been shown to react with a covalent azide similar to the Staudinger reaction. The reaction of Me CAAC with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the N-silylated 2-iminopyrrolidine (Me CAAC=NSiMe3 ), which was fully characterized. This compound undergoes hydrolysis to afford the 2-iminopyrrolidine and trimethylsiloxane which co-crystallize as a hydrogen-bonded adduct. The N-silylated 2-iminopyrrolidine was used to transfer the novel pyrrolidine-2-iminato ligand onto both main-group and transition-metal centers. The reaction of the tetrabromodiborane bis(dimethyl sulfide) adduct with two equivalents of Me CAAC=NSiMe3 afforded the disubstituted diborane. The reaction of Me CAAC=NSiMe3 with TiCl4 and CpTiCl3 afforded Me CAAC=NTiCl3 and Me CAAC=NTiCl2 Cp, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Goettel
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Haopeng Gao
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Simon Dotzauer
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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11
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Benaissa I, Pallova L, Morantin ME, Lafitte T, Huynh M, Barthes C, Vendier L, Lugan N, Bastin S, César V. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of Fused, Mesoionic, Tricyclic Heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:13030-13036. [PMID: 31385630 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between 5-bromoimidazo[1,5-a]pyridinium salts and malonate or arylacetate esters leads to a facile and straightforward access to the new mesoionic, fused, tricyclic system of imidazo[2,1,5-cd]indolizinium-3-olate. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction pathway consists of nucleophilic aromatic substitution on the cationic, bicyclic heterocycle by an enolate-type moiety and in the nucleophilic attack of a transient free N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) species on the ester group; the relative order of these two steps depends on the nature of the starting ester. This work highlights the valuable implementation of free NHC species as key intermediates in synthetic chemistry, beyond their classical use as stabilizing ligands or organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idir Benaissa
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Lenka Pallova
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | | | - Thomas Lafitte
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Mathieu Huynh
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | | | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
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12
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Ehrhorn H, Tamm M. Well-Defined Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Developments and Recent Applications. Chemistry 2018; 25:3190-3208. [PMID: 30346054 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although alkyne metathesis has been known for 50 years, rapid progress in this field has mostly occurred during the last two decades. In this article, the development of several highly efficient and thoroughly studied alkyne metathesis catalysts is reviewed, which includes novel well-defined, in situ formed and heterogeneous systems. Various alkyne metathesis methodologies, including alkyne cross-metathesis (ACM), ring-closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM), cyclooligomerization, acyclic diyne metathesis polymerization (ADIMET), and ring-opening alkyne metathesis polymerization (ROAMP), are presented, and their application in natural product synthesis, materials science as well as supramolecular and polymer chemistry is discussed. Recent progress in the metathesis of diynes is also summarized, which gave rise to new methods such as ring-closing diyne metathesis (RCDM) and diyne cross-metathesis (DYCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Ehrhorn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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13
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Schnabel TM, Melcher D, Brandhorst K, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Unraveling the Mechanism of 1,3-Diyne Cross-Metathesis Catalyzed by Silanolate-Supported Tungsten Alkylidyne Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:9022-9032. [PMID: 29676817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Schnabel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Daniel Melcher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Kai Brandhorst
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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14
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Cui M, Lin R, Jia G. Chemistry of Metallacyclobutadienes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:895-912. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Cui
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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15
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Hauser PM, Hunger M, Buchmeiser MR. Silica-Supported Molybdenum Alkylidyne N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts: Relevance of Site Isolation to Catalytic Performance. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Hauser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Hunger
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
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16
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Koy M, Elser I, Meisner J, Frey W, Wurst K, Kästner J, Buchmeiser MR. High Oxidation State Molybdenum N
-Heterocyclic Carbene Alkylidyne Complexes: Synthesis, Mechanistic Studies, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2017; 23:15484-15490. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Koy
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Polymerchemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Iris Elser
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Polymerchemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jan Meisner
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Theoretische Chemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Organische Chemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Universität Innsbruck; Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Theoretische Chemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Universität Stuttgart; Institut für Polymerchemie; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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17
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Wezisla B, Lindner J, Das U, Filippou AC, Vöhringer P. The Femtochemistry of a Ferracyclobutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Wezisla
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Wegelerstrasse 12 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Jörg Lindner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Wegelerstrasse 12 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Ujjal Das
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander C. Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Wegelerstrasse 12 53117 Bonn Germany
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18
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Wezisla B, Lindner J, Das U, Filippou AC, Vöhringer P. The Femtochemistry of a Ferracyclobutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6901-6905. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Wezisla
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Wegelerstrasse 12 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Jörg Lindner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Wegelerstrasse 12 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Ujjal Das
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander C. Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Wegelerstrasse 12 53117 Bonn Germany
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19
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Estes DP, Bittner C, Àrias Ò, Casey M, Fedorov A, Tamm M, Copéret C. Alkyne Metathesis with Silica-Supported and Molecular Catalysts at Parts-per-Million Loadings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deven P. Estes
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Celine Bittner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Òscar Àrias
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Martin Casey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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20
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Estes DP, Bittner C, Àrias Ò, Casey M, Fedorov A, Tamm M, Copéret C. Alkyne Metathesis with Silica-Supported and Molecular Catalysts at Parts-per-Million Loadings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13960-13964. [PMID: 27486006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of the activity, stability, and chemoselectivity of alkyne-metathesis catalysts is necessary before this promising methodology can become a routine method to construct C≡C triple bonds. Herein, we show that grafting of the known molecular catalyst [MesC≡Mo(OtBuF6 )3 ] (1, Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, OtBuF6 =hexafluoro-tert-butoxy) onto partially dehydroxylated silica gave a well-defined silica-supported active alkyne-metathesis catalyst [(≡SiO)Mo(≡CMes)(OtBuF6 )2 ] (1/SiO2-700 ). Both 1 and 1/SiO2-700 showed very high activity, selectivity, and stability in the self-metathesis of a variety of carefully purified alkynes, even at parts-per-million catalyst loadings. Remarkably, the lower turnover frequencies observed for 1/SiO2-700 by comparison to 1 do not prevent the achievement of high turnover numbers. We attribute the lower reactivity of 1/SiO2-700 to the rigidity of the surface Mo species owing to the strong interaction of the metal site with the silica surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven P Estes
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Celine Bittner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Òscar Àrias
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Casey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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22
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Chen J, Lee KH, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Jia G. Synthesis and Characterization of Dirhenadehydro[12]annulenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7194-8. [PMID: 27125726 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The 12-membered-ring metallacycles [mer-Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡C-}Cl(PMe2 Ph)3 )]2 (R=CMe3 , 1-adamantyl), which are organometallic analogues of antiaromatic octadehydro[12]annulene, are prepared by heating the methyl carbyne complexes mer-Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡CH}(CH3 )Cl(PMe2 Ph)3 . An intermolecular σ-bond metathesis between the Re-CH3 bond and the acetylenic C-H bond is proposed for their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ka-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Du Y, Yang H, Zhu C, Ortiz M, Okochi KD, Shoemaker R, Jin Y, Zhang W. Highly Active Multidentate Ligand‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts. Chemistry 2016; 22:7959-63. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Haishen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Chengpu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Michael Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Kenji D. Okochi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Richard Shoemaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
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24
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Metal-Free Dehydrogenation of Amine-Boranes by Tunable N-Heterocyclic Iminoboranes. Chemistry 2016; 22:2134-2145. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Torres-Alacan J, Das U, Wezisla B, Straßmann M, Filippou AC, Vöhringer P. Photochemistry of a Puckered Ferracyclobutadiene in Liquid Solution Studied by Time-Resolved Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2015; 21:17184-90. [PMID: 26457465 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flash photolysis combined with step-scan and rapid-scan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to explore the photochemistry of a puckered, quasi-square pyramidal ferracyclobutadiene, [Fe{κ(2) -C3 (NEt2 )3 }(CO)3 ]BF4 ([1]BF4 ), that features three additional carbonyl ligands in the metal coordination sphere. In liquid solution at room temperature, an excitation with λ=355 nm light resulted in the loss of one CO ligand, which is cleaved from a basal metal-coordination site. Within the time resolution of the experiment, a solvent molecule promptly refills the resultant vacancy at the coordinatively unsaturated metal center. In the weakly interacting liquid, dichloromethane, the counterion of the complex is subsequently able to substitute the solvent in the coordination sphere of the iron center, thereby forming as a stable product a neutral dicarbonyl tetrafluoroborato iron(0) species containing a four-membered ferracycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Torres-Alacan
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Ujjal Das
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Boris Wezisla
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Martin Straßmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Alexander C Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany)
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn (Germany).
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26
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Wang Q, Yu C, Long H, Du Y, Jin Y, Zhang W. Solution‐Phase Dynamic Assembly of Permanently Interlocked Aryleneethynylene Cages through Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Hai Long
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 (USA)
| | - Ya Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
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27
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Wang Q, Yu C, Long H, Du Y, Jin Y, Zhang W. Solution-phase dynamic assembly of permanently interlocked aryleneethynylene cages through alkyne metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7550-4. [PMID: 25959769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Highly stable permanently interlocked aryleneethynylene molecular cages were synthesized from simple triyne monomers using dynamic alkyne metathesis. The interlocked complexes are predominantly formed in the reaction solution in the absence of any recognition motif and were isolated in a pure form using column chromatography. This study is the first example of the thermodynamically controlled solution-phase synthesis of interlocked organic cages with high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Hai Long
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 (USA)
| | - Ya Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 (USA).
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28
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Valot G, Mailhol D, Regens CS, O'Malley DP, Godineau E, Takikawa H, Philipps P, Fürstner A. Concise Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides C and F. Chemistry 2014; 21:2398-408. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Nomura K, Bahuleyan BK, Tsutsumi K, Igarashi A. Synthesis of (Imido)vanadium(V) Alkyl and Alkylidene Complexes Containing Imidazolidin-2-iminato Ligands: Effect of Imido Ligand on ROMP and 1,2-C–H Bond Activation of Benzene. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500986m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Bijal Kottukkal Bahuleyan
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ken Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Atsushi Igarashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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30
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Bannenberg T, Jones PG, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidyne Transition Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Doddi A, Bockfeld D, Bannenberg T, Jones PG, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidyne Transition Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13568-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Haberlag B, Freytag M, Jones PG, Tamm M. Tungsten and Molybdenum 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzylidyne Complexes as Robust Pre-Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Hötling S, Haberlag B, Tamm M, Collatz J, Mack P, Steidle JLM, Vences M, Schulz S. Identification and Synthesis of Macrolide Pheromones of the Grain BeetleOryzaephilus Surinamensisand the FrogSpinomantis Aglavei. Chemistry 2014; 20:3183-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Wu X, Tamm M. Transition metal complexes supported by highly basic imidazolin-2-iminato and imidazolin-2-imine N-donor ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Nomura K, Bahuleyan BK, Zhang S, Veeresha Sharma PM, Katao S, Igarashi A, Inagaki A, Tamm M. Synthesis and Structural Analysis of (Imido)vanadium(V) Dichloride Complexes Containing Imidazolin-2-iminato- and Imidazolidin-2-iminato Ligands, and their Use as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene (Co)polymerization. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:607-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Bijal Kottukkal Bahuleyan
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Katao
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Atsushi Igarashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut
für
Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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36
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Ahrens J, Haberlag B, Scheja A, Tamm M, Bröring M. Conjugated BODIPY DYEmers by Metathesis Reactions. Chemistry 2013; 20:2901-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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César V, Labat S, Miqueu K, Sotiropoulos JM, Brousses R, Lugan N, Lavigne G. The ambivalent chemistry of a free anionic N-heterocyclic carbene decorated with a malonate backbone: the plus of a negative charge. Chemistry 2013; 19:17113-24. [PMID: 24307368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The anionic heterocycle "[maloNHC](-)", ([1](-)), is the archetype of a growing family of N-heterocyclic carbenes incorporating an anionic backbone; here, a malonate group. A comprehensive experimental exploration of its chemistry as a free entity (in the form of its lithium salt [1]·Li) is presented, and rationalized using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level of theory. For the sake of comparison, similar computations were performed on other representative carbene types. Reactions of [1]·Li with a broad series of electrophilic reagents were used to ascertain its intrinsic nature as a nucleophilic carbene. Unexpectedly, [1]·Li was also seen to react with the nucleophilic tert-butylisocyanide, to give an anionic ketenimine, which could be subsequently derivatized, either into an imine by protonation of the ketenimine moiety, or into a neutral ketenimine by alkylation of the intracyclic malonate moiety. Further experiments on the electrophilic behavior of [1]·Li revealed its unexpected reactivity toward p-chlorobenzaldehyde, resulting in a formal C-H activation and the first structurally characterized keto-tautomer of the Breslow intermediate. Finally, [1]·Li remarkably activates polar E-H bonds, including N-H bonds from ammonia and amines, Si-H bonds, and B-H bonds. Importantly, DFT calculations indicate the importance of counterion effects. In particular, the key to the observed reactivity appears to be a modulation of energy levels associated with a dynamic variability of the Li-O distance between the remote malonate group and the counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent César
- CNRS, LCC (laboratoire de chimie de coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France); Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse (France).
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38
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Tungsten alkylidyne complexes with ancillary imidazolin-2-iminato and imidazolidin-2-iminato ligands and their use in catalytic alkyne metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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Deraedt C, d'Halluin M, Astruc D. Metathesis Reactions: Recent Trends and Challenges. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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41
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Yang H, Liu Z, Zhang W. Multidentate Triphenolsilane-Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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43
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44
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Haberlag B, Freytag M, Daniliuc CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. Efficient Metathesis of Terminal Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13019-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Haberlag B, Freytag M, Daniliuc CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. Effiziente Metathese terminaler Alkine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Ethylene copolymerization by half-titanocenes containing imidazolin-2-iminato ligands–MAO catalyst systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Jyothish K, Wang Q, Zhang W. Highly Active Multidentate Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Ligand-Activity Relationship and Their Applications in Efficient Synthesis of Porphyrin-Based Aryleneethynylene Polymers. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Heppekausen J, Stade R, Kondoh A, Seidel G, Goddard R, Fürstner A. Optimized Synthesis, Structural Investigations, Ligand Tuning and Synthetic Evaluation of Silyloxy-Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts. Chemistry 2012; 18:10281-99. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Lysenko S, Volbeda J, Jones PG, Tamm M. Catalytic Metathesis of Conjugated Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Lysenko S, Volbeda J, Jones PG, Tamm M. Catalytic metathesis of conjugated diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6757-61. [PMID: 22623355 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Lysenko
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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