1
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Widening the Landscape of Small Molecule Activation with Gold-Aluminyl Complexes: A Systematic Study of E-H (E=O, N) Bonds, SO 2 and N 2 O Activation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203584. [PMID: 36660925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The electronic features of gold-aluminyl complexes have been thoroughly explored. Their similarity with Group 14 dimetallenes and other metal-aluminyl complexes suggests that their reactivity with small molecules beyond carbon dioxide could be accessed. In this work, the reactivity of the [t Bu3 PAuAl(NON)] (NON=4,5-bis(2,6 diisopropylanilido)-2,7-ditert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) complex towards water, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide is computationally explored. The reaction mechanisms computed for each substrate strongly suggest that all activation processes are in principle experimentally feasible. Electronic structure analysis highlights that, in all cases, the reactivity is driven by the presence of the poorly polarized electron-sharing gold-aluminyl bond, which induces a radical-like reactivity of the complex towards all the substrates. A flat topology of the potential energy surface (PES) has been found for the reaction with N2 O, where two almost isoenergetic transition states can be located along the same reaction coordinate with different geometries, suggesting that the N2 O binding mode may not be a good indicator of the nature of N2 O activation in a cooperative bimetallic reactivity. In addition, the catalytic potentialities of these complexes have been explored in the framework of nitrous oxide reduction. The study reveals that the [t Bu3 PAuAl(NON)] complex might be an efficient catalyst towards oxidation of phosphines (and boranes) via N2 O reduction. These findings underline recurring trends in the novel chemistry of gold-aluminyl complexes and call for experimental feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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2
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Mikhael M, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Wengryniuk SE. Umpolung Strategy for Arene C−H Etherification Leading to Functionalized Chromanes Enabled by I(III)
N
‐Ligated Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mikhael
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 N 13th street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry University of California-Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 United States of America
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry University of California-Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 N 13th street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 United States
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3
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Houk KN, Xue X, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen X, Jamieson C. Computations on Pericyclic Reactions Reveal the Richness of Ambimodal Transition States and Pericyclases. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
| | - Cooper Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
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4
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Tretiakov S, Witteman L, Lutz M, Moret M. Strain‐Modulated Reactivity: An Acidic Silane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Tretiakov
- Utrecht University Organic Chemistry & Catalysis Institution Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Léon Witteman
- Utrecht University Organic Chemistry & Catalysis Institution Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Utrecht University Structural Biochemistry Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marc‐Etienne Moret
- Utrecht University Organic Chemistry & Catalysis Institution Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Faculty of Science 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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5
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Tretiakov S, Witteman L, Lutz M, Moret ME. Strain-Modulated Reactivity: An Acidic Silane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9618-9626. [PMID: 33476423 PMCID: PMC8252520 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of main‐group elements such as silicon are attractive candidates for green and inexpensive catalysts. For them to compete with state‐of‐the‐art transition‐metal complexes, new reactivity modes must be unlocked and controlled, which can be achieved through strain. Using a tris(2‐skatyl)methylphosphonium ([TSMPH3]+) scaffold, we prepared the strained cationic silane [TSMPSiH]+. In stark contrast with the generally hydridic Si−H bond character, it is acidic with an experimental pKaDMSO within 4.7–8.1, lower than in phenol, benzoic acid, and the few hydrosilanes with reported pKa values. We show that ring strain significantly contributes to this unusual acidity along with inductive and electrostatic effects. The conjugate base, TSMPSi, activates a THF molecule in the presence of CH‐acids to generate a highly fluxional alkoxysilane via trace amounts of [TSMPSiH]+ functioning as a strain‐release Lewis acid. This reaction involves a formal oxidation‐state change from SiII to SiIV, presenting intriguing similarities with transition‐metal‐mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Tretiakov
- Utrecht University, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institution Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Léon Witteman
- Utrecht University, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institution Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Utrecht University, Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Utrecht University, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institution Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Houk KN, Liu F, Yang Z, Seeman JI. Die Evolution des Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionsmechanismus seit den 1930er Jahren: Woodward, Houk zusammen mit Woodward und der Einfluss der Computerchemie auf das Verständnis von Cycloadditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles California 90005 USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles California 90005 USA
- College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles California 90005 USA
| | - Jeffrey I. Seeman
- Department of Chemistry University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA
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7
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Houk KN, Liu F, Yang Z, Seeman JI. Evolution of the Diels–Alder Reaction Mechanism since the 1930s: Woodward, Houk with Woodward, and the Influence of Computational Chemistry on Understanding Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12660-12681. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90005 USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90005 USA
- College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA 90005 USA
| | - Jeffrey I. Seeman
- Department of Chemistry University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA
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8
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Mlostoń G, Urbaniak K, Jasiński M, Würthwein E, Heimgartner H, Zimmer R, Reissig H. The [4+2]-Cycloaddition of α-Nitrosoalkenes with Thiochalcones as a Prototype of Periselective Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions-Experimental and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2020; 26:237-248. [PMID: 31429509 PMCID: PMC6973135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The [4+2]-cycloadditions of α-nitrosoalkenes with thiochalcones occur with high selectivity at the thioketone moiety of the dienophile providing styryl-substituted 4H-1,5,2-oxathiazines in moderate to good yields. Of the eight conceivable hetero-Diels-Alder adducts only this isomer was observed, thus a prototype of a highly periselective and regioselective cycloaddition has been identified. Analysis of crude product mixtures revealed that the α-nitrosoalkene also adds competitively to the thioketone moiety of the thiochalcone dimer affording bis-heterocyclic [4+2]-cycloadducts. The experiments are supported by high-level DFT calculations that were also extended to related hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of other nitroso compounds and thioketones. These calculations reveal that the title cycloadditions are kinetically controlled processes confirming the role of thioketones as superdienophiles. The computational study was also applied to the experimentally studied thiochalcone dimerization, and showed that the 1,2-dithiin and 2H-thiopyran isomers are in equilibrium with the monomer. Again, the DFT calculations indicate kinetic control of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin Jasiński
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ŁódźTamka 1291403ŁódźPoland
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Reinhold Zimmer
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
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9
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Slack ED, Seupel R, Aue DH, Bringmann G, Lipshutz BH. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of the Fourfold
ortho
‐Substituted Naphthyltetrahydroisoquinoline Biaryl
O
,
N
‐Dimethylhamatine. Chemistry 2019; 25:14237-14245. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Slack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara 93106 USA
| | - Raina Seupel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Donald H. Aue
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara 93106 USA
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara 93106 USA
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10
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Lee A, Zhu JL, Feoktistova T, Brueckner AC, Cheong PH, Scheidt KA. Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Annulations to Access Dihydrobenzoxazinones and Quinolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ansoo Lee
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Joshua L. Zhu
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of ChemistryOregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Paul H.‐Y. Cheong
- Department of ChemistryOregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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11
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Lee A, Zhu JL, Feoktistova T, Brueckner AC, Cheong PHY, Scheidt KA. Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Annulations to Access Dihydrobenzoxazinones and Quinolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5941-5945. [PMID: 30843323 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A direct decarboxylative strategy for the generation of aza-o-quinone methides (aza-o-QMs) by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has been discovered and explored. This process requires no stoichiometric additives in contrast with current approaches. Aza-o-QMs react with trifluoromethyl ketones through a formal [4+2] manifold to access highly enantioenriched dihydrobenzoxazin-4-one products, which can be converted to dihydroquinolones through an interesting stereoretentive aza-Petasis-Ferrier rearrangement sequence. Complementary dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) studies provided an accurate prediction of the reaction enantioselectivity and lend further insight to the origins of stereocontrol. Additionally, a computed potential energy surface around the major transition structure suggests a concerted asynchronous mechanism for the formal annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Joshua L Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alexander C Brueckner
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Paul H-Y Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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12
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Zhang JX, Sheong FK, Lin Z. Unravelling Chemical Interactions with Principal Interacting Orbital Analysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:9639-9650. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Fu Kit Sheong
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
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13
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang JX, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Lin Z. DFT Studies on the Reactions of Boroles with Alkynes. Chemistry 2018; 24:9612-9621. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
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14
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Yang Z, Houk KN. The Dynamics of Chemical Reactions: Atomistic Visualizations of Organic Reactions, and Homage to van ’t Hoff. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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15
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Wollenhaupt M, Schran C, Krupička M, Marx D. Force‐Induced Catastrophes on Energy Landscapes: Mechanochemical Manipulation of Downhill and Uphill Bifurcations Explains the Ring‐Opening Selectivity of Cyclopropanes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:837-847. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wollenhaupt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Christoph Schran
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Martin Krupička
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
- Present Address: Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Technicka 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
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16
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Hazra CK, Jeong J, Kim H, Baik MH, Park S, Chang S. Reductive Carbocyclization of Homoallylic Alcohols to syn
-Cyclobutanes by a Boron-Catalyzed Dual Ring-Closing Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Jinhoon Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
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17
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Hazra CK, Jeong J, Kim H, Baik MH, Park S, Chang S. Reductive Carbocyclization of Homoallylic Alcohols to syn
-Cyclobutanes by a Boron-Catalyzed Dual Ring-Closing Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2692-2696. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Jinhoon Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
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18
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Donslund BS, Monleón A, Palazzo TA, Christensen ML, Dahlgaard A, Erickson JD, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Higher-Order Cycloadditions of In Situ Generated Amino Isobenzofulvenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bjarke S. Donslund
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Alicia Monleón
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Teresa A. Palazzo
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Anne Dahlgaard
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jeremy D. Erickson
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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19
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Organocatalytic Enantioselective Higher-Order Cycloadditions of In Situ Generated Amino Isobenzofulvenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1246-1250. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Ansari AJ, Pathare RS, Maurya AK, Agnihotri VK, Khan S, Roy TK, Sawant DM, Pardasani RT. Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen Heterocycles via
Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Azide-Isocyanide Cross-Coupling/Cyclization: Mechanistic Insight using Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad J. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
| | - Ramdas S. Pathare
- Department of Chemistry; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
| | - Antim K. Maurya
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development division; CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palmpur; Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Vijai K. Agnihotri
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development division; CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palmpur; Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Bhupal Nobles' University; Udaipur 313001 India
| | - Tapta Kanchan Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences; Central University of Jammu; Jammu 180011 India
| | - Devesh M. Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
| | - Ram T. Pardasani
- Department of Chemistry; Central University of Rajasthan; NH8 (Jaipur-Ajmer Highway), Bandarsindri Ajmer 305817 India
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21
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Doubleday C, Armas R, Walker D, Cosgriff CV, Greer EM. Heavy-Atom Tunneling Calculations in Thirteen Organic Reactions: Tunneling Contributions are Substantial, and Bell's Formula Closely Approximates Multidimensional Tunneling at ≥250 K. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13099-13102. [PMID: 28881399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional tunneling calculations are carried out for 13 reactions, to test the scope of heavy-atom tunneling in organic chemistry, and to check the accuracy of one-dimensional tunneling models. The reactions include pericyclic, cycloaromatization, radical cyclization and ring opening, and SN 2. When compared at the temperatures that give the same effective rate constant of 3×10-5 s-1 , tunneling accounts for 25-95 % of the rate in 8 of the 13 reactions. Values of transmission coefficients predicted by Bell's formula, κBell , agree well with multidimensional tunneling (canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling), κSCT . Mean unsigned deviations of κBell vs. κSCT are 0.08, 0.04, 0.02 at 250, 300 and 400 K. This suggests that κBell is a useful first choice for predicting transmission coefficients in heavy-atom tunnelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edyta M Greer
- Baruch College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Doubleday C, Armas R, Walker D, Cosgriff CV, Greer EM. Heavy‐Atom Tunneling Calculations in Thirteen Organic Reactions: Tunneling Contributions are Substantial, and Bell's Formula Closely Approximates Multidimensional Tunneling at ≥250 K. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edyta M. Greer
- Baruch College of the City University of New York New York NY USA
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23
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Palazzo TA, Mose R, Jørgensen KA. Cycloadditionen: Warum ist der Übergang von sechs zu zehn Elektronen so schwer? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus Mose
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus C Dänemark
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24
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Cycloaddition Reactions: Why Is It So Challenging To Move from Six to Ten Electrons? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10033-10038. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Griesbeck AG, Goldfuss B, Jäger C, Brüllingen E, Lippold T, Kleczka M. Strong Asymmetry in the Perepoxide Bifurcation Mechanism: The Large-Group Effect in the Singlet Oxygen Ene Reaction with Allylic Alcohols. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201600041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel G. Griesbeck
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Christina Jäger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Eric Brüllingen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Tim Lippold
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
| | - Margarethe Kleczka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-4701166
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26
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Costa P, Mieres-Perez J, Özkan N, Sander W. Activation of the B-F Bond by Diphenylcarbene: A Reversible 1,2-Fluorine Migration between Boron and Carbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1760-1764. [PMID: 28071849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in low-temperature matrices reveal that triplet diphenylcarbene inserts into the very strong B-F bond of BF3 in a two-step reaction. The first step is the formation of a strongly bound Lewis acid-base complex between the singlet state of diphenylcarbene and BF3 . This step involves an inversion of the spin state of the carbene from triplet to singlet. The second step requires visible-light photochemical activation to induce a 1,2-F migration from boron to the adjacent carbon atom under formation of the formal insertion product of the carbene center into BF3 . The 1,2-F migration is reversible under short-wavelength UV irradiation, thus leading back to the Lewis acid-base adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nesli Özkan
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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27
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Costa P, Mieres-Perez J, Özkan N, Sander W. Activation of the B−F Bond by Diphenylcarbene: A Reversible 1,2-Fluorine Migration between Boron and Carbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Nesli Özkan
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
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28
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Vilhelmsen MH, Hashmi ASK. Reaction mechanism for the dual gold-catalyzed synthesis of dibenzopentalene: a DFT study. Chemistry 2014; 20:1901-8. [PMID: 24443140 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of gold-catalyzed reactions based on a dual activation mechanism has recently been reported in the literature. Herein, we present a computational investigation of the mechanism for the formation of dibenzopentalenes from 1-ethynyl-2-(phenylethynyl)benzene. Transition states have been found, which substantiate the dual activation mechanism previously published and furthermore point towards a continuous presence of two gold moieties throughout the mechanistic cycle, an observation of high importance for all reactions in the field of dual activation. The initial activation of the diyne has been shown to proceed via an intermolecular transfer of a cationic gold catalyst from the thermodynamically preferred geminal-σ,π-acetylide complex to the active non-geminal analogue. Furthermore, the regioselectivity of a 5-endo versus a 6-endo cyclization has been addressed, and the 5-endo cyclization was found to be most favorable both thermodynamically and with regard to the activation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Højer Vilhelmsen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-54-4205.
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29
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Hansmann MM, Tšupova S, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold-catalyzed cyclization of diynes: controlling the mode of 5-endo versus 6-endo cyclization--an experimental and theoretical study by utilizing diethynylthiophenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:2215-23. [PMID: 24436306 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a dual-gold catalyzed cyclization of 3,4-diethynylthiophenes generating pentaleno[c]thiophenes through gold-vinylidenes and C-H bond activation is disclosed. Various new heteroaromatic compounds--substrate classes unexplored to date--exhibiting three five-membered annulated ring systems could be synthesized in moderate to high yields. By comparison of the solid-state structures of the corresponding gold-acetylides, it could be demonstrated that the cyclization mode (5-endo versus 6-endo) is controlled by the electronic and not steric nature of the diyne backbone. Depending on different backbones, we calculated thermodynamic stabilities and full potential-energy surfaces giving insight into the crucial dual-activation cyclization step. In the case of the 3,4-thiophene backbone, in which the initial cyclization is rate and selectivity determining, two energetically distinct transition states could be localized explaining the observed 5-endo cyclization mode by classical transition-state theory. In the case of vinyl and 2,3-thiophene backbones, the theoretical analysis of the cyclization mode in the bifurcated cyclization area demonstrated that classical transition-state theory is no longer valid to explain the high experimentally observed selectivity. Herein, for the first time, the influence of the backbone and the aromatic stabilization effect of the 6-endo product in the crucial cyclization step could be visualized and quantified by calculating and comparing the full potential-energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 6221-54-4205.
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30
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Uematsu R, Maeda S, Taketsugu T. Multiple Reaction Pathways Operating in the Mechanism of Vinylogous Mannich-Type Reaction Activated by a Water Molecule. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:305-12. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Hong YJ, Irmisch S, Wang SC, Garms S, Gershenzon J, Zu L, Köllner TG, Tantillo DJ. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the reaction mechanism of MrTPS2, a triquinane-forming sesquiterpene synthase from chamomile. Chemistry 2013; 19:13590-600. [PMID: 23963956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Terpene synthases, as key enzymes of terpene biosynthesis, have garnered the attention of chemists and biologists for many years. Their carbocationic reaction mechanisms are responsible for the huge variety of terpene structures in nature. These mechanisms are amenable to study by using classical biochemical approaches as well as computational analysis, and in this study we combine quantum-chemical calculations and deuterium-labeling experiments to elucidate the reaction mechanism of a triquinane forming sesquiterpene synthase from chamomile. Our results suggest that the reaction from farnesyl diphosphate to triquinanes proceeds through caryophyllyl and presilphiperfolanyl cations and involves the protonation of a stable (-)-(E)-β-caryophyllene intermediate. A tyrosine residue was identified that appears to be involved in the proton-transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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32
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Hansmann MM, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Mechanistic switch in dual gold catalysis of diynes: C(sp(3))-H activation through bifurcation--vinylidene versus carbene pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2593-8. [PMID: 23362151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The other side of the mountain: Changing the framework of diyne systems opens up new cyclization modes for dual gold catalysis. Instead of a 5-endo cyclization and gold vinylidenes a 6-endo cyclization gives rise to gold-stabilized carbenes as key intermediates for selective C-H insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Hansmann MM, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Mechanistisches Umschalten bei der dualen Goldkatalyse von Diinen: C(sp3)-H-Aktivierung über Bifurkation - Vinyliden- versus Carbenreaktionswege. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Singh FV, Rehbein J, Wirth T. Facile oxidative rearrangements using hypervalent iodine reagents. ChemistryOpen 2012; 1:245-50. [PMID: 24551514 PMCID: PMC3922481 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic substituents migrate in a novel oxidative cyclization mediated by iodine(III) reagents. 4-Arylbut-3-enoic acids are cyclized and rearranged to 4-arylfuran-2(5H)-ones by hypervalent iodine compounds in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Other ring sizes are also accessible. The mechanism of the reaction is described in detail, and calculations highlight the cationic nature of the intermediates in the rearrangement. The fast access to heavily substituted furanones is used for the synthesis of biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateh V Singh
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - Julia Rehbein
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT (United Kingdom) E-mail:
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35
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Griesbeck AG, Uhlig J, Sottmann T, Belkoura L, Strey R. Singlet Oxygen Photo-Oxygenation in Water/Pluronic F-127 Hydrogels: Increased Reaction Efficiency Coupled with a Switch in Regioselectivity. Chemistry 2012; 18:16161-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Jennerjahn R, Jackstell R, Piras I, Franke R, Jiao H, Bauer M, Beller M. Benign catalysis with iron: unique selectivity in catalytic isomerization reactions of olefins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:734-739. [PMID: 22411860 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of noble metal catalysts in homogeneous catalysis has been well established. Due to their price and limited availability, there is growing interest in the substitution of such precious metal complexes with readily available and bio-relevant catalysts. In particular, iron is a "rising star" in catalysis. Herein, we present a general and selective iron-catalyzed monoisomerization of olefins, which allows for the selective generation of 2-olefins. Typically, common metal complexes give mixtures of various internal olefins. Both bulk-scale terminal olefins and functionalized terminal olefins give the corresponding products under mild conditions in good to excellent yields. The proposed reaction mechanism was elucidated by in situ NMR studies and supported by DFT calculations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Jennerjahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV an der Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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37
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Bonet A, Pubill-Ulldemolins C, Bo C, Gulyás H, Fernández E. Transition-Metal-Free Diboration Reaction by Activation of Diboron Compounds with Simple Lewis Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7158-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Bonet A, Pubill-Ulldemolins C, Bo C, Gulyás H, Fernández E. Transition-Metal-Free Diboration Reaction by Activation of Diboron Compounds with Simple Lewis Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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González Pérez AB, Souto JA, Silva López C, de Lera ÁR. Computational Study of the Intramolecular Pericyclic Reactions of Aldazines and Some Pseudopericyclic Variants. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Alberti MN, Orfanopoulos M. Unraveling the mechanism of the singlet oxygen ene reaction: recent computational and experimental approaches. Chemistry 2010; 16:9414-21. [PMID: 20623729 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the singlet oxygen ene reaction has been a subject of renewed interest within the last few years. The main question being whether this reaction proceeds through a concerted mechanism or if it involves discrete intermediates. In general, the majority of experimental and computational studies support a traditional stepwise mechanism involving a perepoxide-like intermediate. In this minireview we highlight the most prominent and recent theoretical, as well as experimental results relating to the challenging mechanism of the singlet oxygen ene oxyfunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza N Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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41
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Abstract
This article proposes a model for chemical reactivity that involves singularities ("catastrophes") in the timing of bond-making and bond-breaking events. The common stapler is a good mechanical analogy: As hand-pressure is increased on the machine, the staple hardly changes its configuration until the staple suddenly bends. This is viewed as a singularity or catastrophe, defined classically as an abrupt change resulting from a smooth increase or decrease in external conditions (pressure in the case of a stapler, distance in the case of reactivity). Although experimental observations are provided to support the singularity effect, the model remains a heterodox notion at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Menger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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