1
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Mondal A, van Gemmeren M. Silver-Free C-H Activation: Strategic Approaches towards Realizing the Full Potential of C-H Activation in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210825. [PMID: 36062882 PMCID: PMC9828228 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds is considered as one of the most attractive techniques in synthetic organic chemistry because it bears the potential to shorten synthetic routes as well as to produce complementary product scopes compared to traditional synthetic strategies. However, many current methods employ silver salts as additives, leading to stoichiometric metal waste and thereby preventing the full potential of C-H activation to be exploited. Therefore, the development of silver-free protocols has recently received increasing attention. Mechanistically, silver can serve various roles in C-H activation and thus, avoiding the use of silver requires different approaches based on the role it serves in a given process. In this Review, we present the comparison of silver-based and silver-free methods. Focusing on the strategic approaches to develop silver-free C-H activation, we provide the reader with the means to develop sustainable methods for C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mondal
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
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2
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Liang X, Ke Z. Amphiphilic Indoles as Efficient Phase-Transfer Catalysts for Bromination in Water. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200574. [PMID: 35404501 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brominated compounds are important, but they are usually prepared in organic solvents. Here, efficient amphiphilic indole-based phase-transfer organocatalysts were developed for environmentally benign bromination reactions in water. As test reactions, hydroxybromination of olefins and aromatic bromination could be conducted in a greener and more sustainable manner compared with methods using organic solvents, producing the corresponding bromides in good yields. Some pure products could be obtained without column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yongyuan Xu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Liang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhihai Ke
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, P. R. China
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3
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Liu D, Xia Z, Xiao Y, Yu Y, Yu L, Song Z, Wu Q, Zhang J, Tan Z. Transition‐Metal‐Free Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides at C5 Position with Acetonitrile, Ethers or Acetone. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Kamp Pharmaceuticals CO., LTD. Changde 415900 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Zenan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Qianlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Kamp Pharmaceuticals CO., LTD. Changde 415900 P. R. China
| | - Ze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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4
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Patel M, Desai B, Ramani A, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent Developments in the Palladium‐Catalyzed/Norbornene‐Mediated Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monak Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395 007 India
| | - Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395 007 India
| | - Arti Ramani
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395 007 India
| | - Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395 007 India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat Gujarat 395 007 India
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5
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Mari G, De Crescentini L, Favi G, Santeusanio S, Mantellini F. Metal and Oxidant Free Construction of Substituted‐ and/or Polycyclic Indoles: A Useful Alternative to Bischler and Related Syntheses. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Lucia De Crescentini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Stefania Santeusanio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
| | - Fabio Mantellini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via I Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino (PU) Italy
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6
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Intrieri D, Carminati DM, Zardi P, Damiano C, Manca G, Gallo E, Mealli C. Indoles from Alkynes and Aryl Azides: Scope and Theoretical Assessment of Ruthenium Porphyrin-Catalyzed Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:16591-16605. [PMID: 31626355 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A symbiotic experimental/computational study analyzed the Ru(TPP)(NAr)2 -catalyzed one-pot formation of indoles from alkynes and aryl azides. Thirty different C3 -substituted indoles were synthesized and the best performance, in term of yields and regioselectivities, was observed when reacting ArC≡CH alkynes with 3,5-(EWG)2 C6 H3 N3 azides, whereas the reaction was less efficient when using electron-rich aryl azides. A DFT analysis describes the reaction mechanism in terms of the energy costs and orbital/electronic evolutions; the limited reactivity of electron-rich azides was also justified. In summary, PhC≡CH alkyne interacts with one NAr imido ligand of Ru(TPP)(NAr)2 to give a residually dangling C(Ph) group, which, by coupling with a C(H) unit of the N-aryl substituent, forms a 5+6 bicyclic molecule. In the process, two subsequent spin changes allow inverting the conformation of the sp2 C(Ph) atom and its consequent electrophilic-like attack to the aromatic ring. The bicycle isomerizes to indole via a two-step outer sphere H-migration. Eventually, a 'Ru(TPP)(NAr)' mono-imido active catalyst is reformed after each azide/alkyne reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Intrieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 416 Hutchison Hall, New York, NY, 14627-0216, USA
| | - Paolo Zardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Damiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Manca
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Mealli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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7
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Dwivedi V, Kalsi D, Sundararaju B. Electrochemical‐/Photoredox Aspects of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dwivedi
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India
| | - Deepti Kalsi
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208 016 India
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8
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Jang SS, Chang JY, Kang GY, Youn SW. Oxidant‐Controlled Divergent Syntheses of Pyrazoles and Pyrroles by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of β‐Enamino Esters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su San Jang
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Jun Yeong Chang
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Gil Yeong Kang
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural SciencesHanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu Seoul 04763 Korea
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9
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Bhattacherjee D, Ram S, Chauhan AS, Yamini, Sheetal, Das P. Hypervalent Iodine(III)‐Mediated Counteranion Controlled Intramolecular Annulation of Exocyclic β‐Enaminone to Carbazolone and Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:5934-5939. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Bhattacherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur- 176061, H.P India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India
| | - Shankar Ram
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur- 176061, H.P India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India
| | - Arvind Singh Chauhan
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur- 176061, H.P India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India
| | - Yamini
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur- 176061, H.P India
| | - Sheetal
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur- 176061, H.P India
| | - Pralay Das
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur- 176061, H.P India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi India
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10
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Su J, Zhang K, Zhuang M, Ma F, Zhang W, Sun H, Zhang G, Jian Y, Gao Z. One‐Pot Synthesis of Indoles from Aniline and α,β‐Ynones through an Iodine‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Tandem
aza
‐Michael addition/C−H Functionalization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Mengyuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Fuyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Wei‐Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Yajun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOESchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District Xi'an P.R.China 710119
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11
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Bellezza D, Noverges B, Fasano F, Sarmiento JT, Medio-Simón M, Asensio G. Palladium-Catalyzed C-C Ring Closure in α-Chloromethylimines: Synthesis of 1H
-Indoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bellezza
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Bárbara Noverges
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Francesco Fasano
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Jeymy T. Sarmiento
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Mercedes Medio-Simón
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
| | - Gregorio Asensio
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Spain
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12
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Lv J, Zhao B, Liu L, Han Y, Yuan Y, Shi Z. Boron Trichloride‐Mediated Synthesis of Indoles
via
the Aminoboration of Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahang Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Binlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and TechnologyChangzhou University Changzhou 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Tae Yun Ko
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Korea
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14
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Brown AW. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pyrazoles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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15
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Patel P, Borah G. Direct Access to Indoles by Ir
III
‐Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Acetanilides with Diazo Compounds. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pitambar Patel
- Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR – North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006 Jorhat Assam India
| | - Gongutri Borah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division CSIR – North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006 Jorhat Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad U.P.-201002 India
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16
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Benitez-Medina GE, Amézquita-Valencia M, Cabrera A, Sharma P. Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles from α-Diketones and N-Substituted Anilines: One-Pot Pd-Catalyzed Reductive Amination. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Eliad Benitez-Medina
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Manuel Amézquita-Valencia
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Armando Cabrera
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México México
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17
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Ravi AJ, Vinduvahini M, Vinayaka AC, Sadashiva MP, Devarajegowda HC. ( Z)-2-(4-Methoxyanilino)-1,4-diphenylbut-2-ene-1,4-dione. IUCRDATA 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the molecule of the title compound, C23H19NO3, the mean plane of the methoxyphenyl ring makes dihedral angles of 51.63 (8) and 50.86 (8)° with the terminal phenyl rings. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal structure features C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
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18
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Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2-Alkylimidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Li G, Zhou G, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y, Huang J, Zhao K. Palladium(II) Acetate-Catalyzed Dual C-H Functionalization and C-C Bond Formation: A Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalized (E)-Bisindole-2-ones from Diarylbut-2-ynediamides. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshuai Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Daisy Zhang-Negrerie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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20
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Gensch T, Richter N, Theumer G, Kataeva O, Knölker HJ. Synthesis of Stable Diarylpalladium(II) Complexes: Detailed Study of the Aryl-Aryl Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination. Chemistry 2016; 22:11186-90. [PMID: 27309346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of diarylpalladium(II) complexes by twofold aryl C-H bond activation was developed. These intermediates of oxidative cyclization reactions are stabilized by chelation with acetyl groups while still maintaining sufficient reactivity to study their reductive elimination. Four distinct triggers were found for the reductive elimination of these complexes to dibenzofurans and carbazoles. Thermal elimination occurs at very high temperatures, whereas ligand-promoted and oxidatively induced reductive eliminations proceed readily at room temperature. Under these conditions, no isomerization occurs. In contrast, weak Brønsted acids, such as acetic acid, lead to a sequence of proto-demetalation, isomerization to a κ(3) -diarylpalladium(II) complex, and reductive elimination to non-symmetrical cyclization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Theumer
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Kataeva
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russia
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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21
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Mishra A, Deb I. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Synthesis of Indolyl/Pyrrolyl 3-Phosphonates. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Ko TY, Youn SW. Cooperative Indium(III)/Silver(I) System for Oxidative Coupling/Annulation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls and Styrenes: Construction of Five-Membered Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Ma C, Wen P, Li J, Han X, Wu Z, Huang G. Palladium and Copper Cocatalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization Reaction: Synthesis of 5-Aminopyrazole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Liang Y, Jiao N. Cationic Cobalt(III) Catalyzed Indole Synthesis: The Regioselective Intermolecular Cyclization of N-Nitrosoanilines and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4035-9. [PMID: 26889923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unique regioselectivity and reactivity of cobalt(III) in the direct cyclization of N-nitrosoanilines with alkynes for the expedient synthesis of N-substituted indoles is demonstrated. In the presence of a cobalt(III) catalyst, high regioselectivity was observed when using unsymmetrical meta-substituted N-nitrosoanilines. Moreover, internal alkynes bearing electron-deficient groups, which are almost unreactive in the [Cp*Rh(III)]-catalyzed system, display good reactivity in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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25
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Liang Y, Jiao N. Cationic Cobalt(III) Catalyzed Indole Synthesis: The Regioselective Intermolecular Cyclization of N-Nitrosoanilines and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University; Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 China
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26
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Yu K, Liang Y, Li B, Wang B. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indole Derivatives From Pyrimidyl-Substituted Anilines and Diazo Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Lerchen A, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Glorius F. Cobalt(III)-katalysierte redoxneutrale Synthese von freien Indolen durch N-N-Bindungsspaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lerchen
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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28
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Lerchen A, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Glorius F. Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Synthesis of Unprotected Indoles Featuring an N−N Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3208-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lerchen
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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29
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Jiang H, Gao S, Xu J, Wu X, Lin A, Yao H. Multiple Roles of the Pyrimidyl Group in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole‐3‐carboxylic Acid Esters. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐25‐8327‐1042
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐25‐8327‐1042
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐25‐8327‐1042
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐25‐8327‐1042
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐25‐8327‐1042
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐25‐8327‐1042
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30
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Crisenza GEM, Sokolova OO, Bower JF. Branch-Selective Alkene Hydroarylation by Cooperative Destabilization: Iridium-Catalyzed ortho-Alkylation of Acetanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14866-70. [PMID: 26490739 PMCID: PMC4691333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An iridium(I) catalyst system, modified with the wide-bite-angle and electron-deficient bisphosphine d(F) ppb (1,4-bis(di(pentafluorophenyl)phosphino)butane) promotes highly branch-selective hydroarylation reactions between diverse acetanilides and aryl- or alkyl-substituted alkenes. This provides direct and ortho-selective access to synthetically challenging anilines, and addresses long-standing issues associated with related Friedel-Crafts alkylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo E M Crisenza
- School of Chemistry, University of BristolBristol, BS8 1TS (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - Olga O Sokolova
- School of Chemistry, University of BristolBristol, BS8 1TS (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - John F Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of BristolBristol, BS8 1TS (United Kingdom) E-mail:
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31
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Crisenza GEM, Sokolova OO, Bower JF. Branch‐Selective Alkene Hydroarylation by Cooperative Destabilization: Iridium‐Catalyzed
ortho
‐Alkylation of Acetanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga O. Sokolova
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS (United Kingdom)
| | - John F. Bower
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS (United Kingdom)
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32
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Zhou Z, Liu G, Chen Y, Lu X. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral CH Annulation of Arylnitrones and Alkynes for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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33
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Sagadevan A, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three‐Component Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Quinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayyakkannu Ragupathi
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu (Taiwan, R. O. C.)
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu (Taiwan, R. O. C.)
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34
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Sagadevan A, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three-Component Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Quinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13896-901. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Yan H, Wang H, Li X, Xin X, Wang C, Wan B. Rhodium-Catalyzed CH Annulation of Nitrones with Alkynes: A Regiospecific Route to Unsymmetrical 2,3-Diaryl-Substituted Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10613-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Yan H, Wang H, Li X, Xin X, Wang C, Wan B. Rhodium-Catalyzed CH Annulation of Nitrones with Alkynes: A Regiospecific Route to Unsymmetrical 2,3-Diaryl-Substituted Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Cao S, Zhong S, Xin L, Wan JP, Wen C. Visible-Light-Induced CC Bond Cleavage of Enaminones for the Synthesis of 1,2-Diketones and Quinoxalines in Sustainable Medium. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Chen S, Shan G, Nie P, Rao Y. 3-Alkyloxycyclobutanones as Useful Synthons for Heterocycle and Carbocycle Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Matcha K, Antonchick AP. Cascade Multicomponent Synthesis of Indoles, Pyrazoles, and Pyridazinones by Functionalization of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11960-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Zoller J, Fabry DC, Ronge MA, Rueping M. Synthesis of Indoles Using Visible Light: Photoredox Catalysis for Palladium-Catalyzed CH Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13264-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Zoller J, Fabry DC, Ronge MA, Rueping M. Synthese von Indolen mithilfe von sichtbarem Licht: Photoredoxkatalyse für die Palladium-katalysierte C-H-Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Matcha K, Antonchick AP. Mehrkomponentenkaskade zur Synthese von Indolen, Pyrazolen und Pyridazinonen durch Funktionalisierung von Alkenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Chen J, He L, Natte K, Neumann H, Beller M, Wu XF. Palladium@Cerium(IV) Oxide-Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis ofN-(2-Pyridyl)indolesviaCH Activation Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Sharma U, Kancherla R, Naveen T, Agasti S, Maiti D. Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Diarylamines with Olefins through CH Activation: Direct Access to N-Arylindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11895-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Sharma U, Kancherla R, Naveen T, Agasti S, Maiti D. Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Diarylamines with Olefins through CH Activation: Direct Access to N-Arylindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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46
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Hovey MT, Check CT, Sipher AF, Scheidt KA. N-heterocyclic-carbene-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aryl indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9603-7. [PMID: 25044815 PMCID: PMC4164393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A convergent and efficient transition-metal-free catalytic synthesis of 2-aryl-indoles has been developed. The interception of a highly reactive and transient aza-ortho-quinone methide by an acyl anion equivalent generated through N-hetereocyclic carbene catalysis is central to this successful strategy. High yields and a wide scope as well as the streamlined synthesis of a kinase inhibitor are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Todd Hovey
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Christopher T. Check
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Alexandra F. Sipher
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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47
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Shi L, Xue L, Lang R, Xia C, Li F. Four-Component Synthesis of β-Enaminone and Pyrazole through Phosphine-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Yao B, Wang Q, Zhu J. Mechanistic Study on the Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles Under Aerobic Conditions: Anion Effects and the Development of a Low-Catalyst-Loading Process. Chemistry 2014; 20:12255-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Hovey MT, Check CT, Sipher AF, Scheidt KA. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Aryl Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Muralirajan K, Cheng C. Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles
via
Rhodium‐Catalyzed CH Activation Directed by an
In‐Situ
Generated Redox‐Neutral Group. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien‐Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Fax: (+886)‐3572‐4698
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