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Makarova K, Olchowik-Grabarek E, Drabikowski K, Kurkowiak J, Zawada K. Products of Bisphenol A Degradation Induce Cytotoxicity in Human Erythrocytes (In Vitro). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010492. [PMID: 36613931 PMCID: PMC9820436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work has been to study the possible degradation path of BPA under the Fenton reaction, namely to determine the energetically favorable intermediate products and to compare the cytotoxicity of BPA and its intermediate products of degradation. The DFT calculations of the Gibbs free energy at M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory showed that the formation of hydroquinone was the most energetically favorable path in a water environment. To explore the cytotoxicity the erythrocytes were incubated with BPA and three intermediate products of its degradation, i.e., phenol, hydroquinone and 4-isopropylphenol, in the concentrations 5-200 μg/mL, for 1, 4 and 24 h. BPA induced the strongest hemolytic changes in erythrocytes, followed by hydroquinone, phenol and 4-isopropylphenol. In the presence of hydroquinone, the highest level of RONS was observed, whereas BPA had the weakest effect on RONS generation. In addition, hydroquinone decreased the level of GSH the most. Generally, our results suggest that a preferable BPA degradation path under a Fenton reaction should be controlled in order to avoid the formation of hydroquinone. This is applicable to the degradation of BPA during waste water treatment and during chemical degradation in sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Makarova
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Konstanty Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drabikowski
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Metal Ions, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kurkowiak
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Brás EM, Fischer TL, Suhm MA. The Hydrates of TEMPO: Water Vibrations Reveal Radical Microsolvation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Brás
- CQC Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Taija L. Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin A. Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
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Brás EM, Fischer TL, Suhm MA. The Hydrates of TEMPO: Water Vibrations Reveal Radical Microsolvation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19013-19017. [PMID: 34165885 PMCID: PMC8456822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An organic radical monohydrate complex is detected in vacuum isolation at low temperature by FTIR supersonic jet spectroscopy for the first time. It is shown to exhibit a rich conformational and vibrational coupling dynamics, which can be drastically reduced by appropriate isotope substitution. Its detection with a new gas recycling infrared spectrometer demonstrates the thermal metastability of the gaseous TEMPO radical even under humid gas conditions. Compared to its almost isoelectronic and isostructural, closed shell ketone analogue, the hydrogen bond of the solvating water is found to be less directional, but stronger and more strongly downshifting the bonded water OH stretch vibration. A second solvent water directs the first one into a metastable hydrogen bond position to solvate the nitrogen center and the first water at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M. Brás
- CQCDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Coimbra3004-535CoimbraPortugal
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Taija L. Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Martin A. Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 637077GöttingenGermany
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Chu X, Qian W, Lu B, Wang L, Qin J, Li J, Rauhut G, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. The Triplet Hydroxyl Radical Complex of Phosphorus Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6243 USA
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6243 USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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Chu X, Qian W, Lu B, Wang L, Qin J, Li J, Rauhut G, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. The Triplet Hydroxyl Radical Complex of Phosphorus Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21949-21953. [PMID: 33073924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus monoxide (. PO) is a key intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, and its association with the hydroxyl radical (. OH) to yield metaphosphorous acid (cis-HOPO) contributes to the chemiluminescence in the combustion of phosphines. When photolyzing cis-HOPO in an Ar-matrix at 2.8 K, the simplest dioxophosphorane HPO2 and an elusive hydroxyl radical complex (HRC) of . PO form. This prototypical radical-radical complex reforms into cis-HOPO at above 12.0 K by overcoming a barrier of 0.28±0.02 kcal mol-1 . The vibrational spectra of this HRC and its D- and 18 O-isotopologues suggest a structure of . OH⋅⋅⋅OP. , for which a triplet spin multiplicity with a binding energy of -3.20 kcal mol-1 has been computed at the UCCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Bao L, Zhao B, Lloret V, Halik M, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Spatially Resolved Bottom‐Side Fluorination of Graphene by Two‐Dimensional Substrate Patterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer MaterialInterdisziplinären Zentrums für Nanostrukturierte Filme (IZNF)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Vicent Lloret
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer MaterialInterdisziplinären Zentrums für Nanostrukturierte Filme (IZNF)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Bao L, Zhao B, Lloret V, Halik M, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Spatially Resolved Bottom-Side Fluorination of Graphene by Two-Dimensional Substrate Patterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6700-6705. [PMID: 32107875 PMCID: PMC7187324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patterned functionalization can, on the one hand, open the band gap of graphene and, on the other hand, program demanding designs on graphene. The functionalization technique is essential for graphene‐based nanoarchitectures. A new and highly efficient method was applied to obtain patterned functionalization on graphene by mild fluorination with spatially arranged AgF arrays on the structured substrate. Scanning Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) were used to characterize the functionalized materials. For the first time, chemical patterning on the bottom side of graphene was realized. The chemical nature of the patterned functionalization was determined to be the ditopic scenario with fluorine atoms occupying the bottom side and moieties, such as oxygen‐containing groups or hydrogen atoms, binding on the top side, which provides information about the mechanism of the fluorination process. Our strategy can be conceptually extended to pattern other functionalities by using other reactants. Bottom‐side patterned functionalization enables utilization of the top side of a material, thereby opening up the possibilities for applications in graphene‐based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer Material, Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Nanostrukturierte Filme (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vicent Lloret
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer Material, Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Nanostrukturierte Filme (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Mardyukov A, Crespo-Otero R, Sanchez-Garcia E, Sander W. Photochemistry and Reactivity of the Phenyl Radical-Water System: A Matrix Isolation and Computational Study. Chemistry 2010; 16:8679-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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