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Wang L, Jiang X, Sun B, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X, Zhou M. Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of [Al, N, C, O, H]: Connectivity to Aluminium-Bearing Species in the Universe. Chemistry 2024:e202401397. [PMID: 38709557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Aluminium is one of the most abundant metals in the universe and impacts the evolution of various astrophysical environments. Currently detected Al-bearing molecules represent only a small fraction of the aluminium budget, suggesting that aluminium may reside in other species. AlO and AlOH molecules are abundant in the oxygen-rich supergiant stars such as VY Canis Majoris, a stellar molecular factory with 60+ molecules including the prebiotic NC-bearing species. Additional Al-bearing molecules with N, C, O, and H may form in O-rich environments with radiation-accelerated chemistry. Here, we present spectroscopic identification of novel aluminium-bearing molecules composed of [Al, N, C, O, H] and [Al, N, C, O] from the reactions of Al atoms and HNCO in solid argon matrix, which are potential Al-bearing molecules in space. Photoinduced transformations among six [Al, N, C, O, H] isomers and three [Al, N, C, O] isomers, along with their dissociation reactions forming the known interstellar species, have been disclosed. These results provide new insight into the chemical network of astronomically detected Al-bearing species in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xin Jiang
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Beibei Sun
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, UNITED STATES
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, 251 Hayden Hall, 240 South 33rd Street, 19104-6316, Philadelphia, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Mingfei Zhou
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
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2
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Zeng Y, Qu J, Wu G, Zhao Y, Hao J, Dong Y, Li Z, Shi J, Francisco JS, Zheng X. Two Key Descriptors for Designing Second Near-Infrared Dyes and Experimental Validation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9888-9896. [PMID: 38546165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) optical imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for diagnostic and image-guided surgery due to its higher imaging contrast. However, a general strategy for efficiently designing NIR-II organic molecules is still lacking, because NIR-II dyes are usually difficult to synthesize, which has impeded the rapid development of NIR-II bioprobes. Herein, based on the theoretical calculations on 62 multiaryl-pyrrole (MAP) systems with spectra ranging from the visible to the NIR-II region, a continuous red shift of the spectra toward the NIR-II region could be achieved by adjusting the type and site of substituents on the MAPs. Two descriptors (ΔEgs and μgs) were identified as exhibiting strong correlations with the maximum absorption/emission wavelengths, and the descriptors could be used to predict the emission spectrum in the NIR-II region only if ΔEgs ≤ 2.5 eV and μgs ≤ 22.55 D. The experimental absorption and emission spectra of ten MAPs fully confirmed the theoretical predictions, and biological imaging in vivo of newly designed MAP23-BBT showed high spatial resolution in the NIR-II region in deep tissue angiography. More importantly, both descriptors of ΔEgs and μgs have shown general applicability to most of the reported donor-acceptor-donor-type non-MAP NIR-II dyes. These results have broad implications for the efficient design of NIR-II dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electro-Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiamin Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yeyun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaman Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electro-Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electro-Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electro-Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Lin D, Wang S, Xu W, Chen Y, Li P, Fang YG, Zhao W, Duan X, Yang X, Jiang Z, Fang WH, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, Gao Y. Topological wetting states of microdroplets on closed-loop structured surfaces: Breakdown of the Gibbs equation at the microscale. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315730121. [PMID: 38557188 PMCID: PMC11009642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315730121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microdroplets are a class of soft matter that has been extensively employed for chemical, biochemical, and industrial applications. However, fabricating microdroplets with largely controllable contact-area shape and apparent contact angle, a key prerequisite for their applications, is still a challenge. Here, by engineering a type of surface with homocentric closed-loop microwalls/microchannels, we can achieve facile size, shape, and contact-angle tunability of microdroplets on the textured surfaces by design. More importantly, this class of surface topologies (with universal genus value = 1) allows us to reveal that the conventional Gibbs equation (widely used for assessing the edge effect on the apparent contact angle of macrodroplets) seems no longer applicable for water microdroplets or nanodroplets (evidenced by independent molecular dynamics simulations). Notably, for the flat surface with the intrinsic contact angle ~0°, we find that the critical contact angle on the microtextured counterparts (at edge angle 90°) can be as large as >130°, rather than 90° according to the Gibbs equation. Experiments show that the breakdown of the Gibbs equation occurs for microdroplets of different types of liquids including alcohol and hydrocarbon oils. Overall, the microtextured surface design and topological wetting states not only offer opportunities for diverse applications of microdroplets such as controllable chemical reactions and low-cost circuit fabrications but also provide testbeds for advancing the fundamental surface science of wetting beyond the Gibbs equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lin
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Shixian Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xiangmei Duan
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xinju Yang
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Zuimin Jiang
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Yurui Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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4
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Xia D, Zhang H, Ju Y, Xie HB, Su L, Ma F, Jiang J, Chen J, Francisco JS. Spontaneous Degradation of the "Forever Chemicals" Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) on Water Droplet Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38584396 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Because of their innate chemical stability, the ubiquitous perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been dubbed "forever chemicals" and have attracted considerable attention. However, their stability under environmental conditions has not been widely verified. Herein, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widely used and detected PFAS, was found to be spontaneously degraded in aqueous microdroplets under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. This unexpected fast degradation occurred via a unique multicycle redox reaction of PFOA with interfacial reactive species on the droplet surface. Similar degradation was observed for other PFASs. This study extends the current understanding of the environmental fate and chemistry of PFASs and provides insight into aid in the development of effective methods for removing PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marin Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yun Ju
- School of Marin Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lihao Su
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marin Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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5
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Fang YG, Tang B, Yuan C, Wan Z, Zhao L, Zhu S, Francisco JS, Zhu C, Fang WH. Mechanistic insight into the competition between interfacial and bulk reactions in microdroplets through N 2O 5 ammonolysis and hydrolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2347. [PMID: 38491022 PMCID: PMC10943240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive uptake of dinitrogen pentaoxide (N2O5) into aqueous aerosols is a major loss channel for NOx in the troposphere; however, a quantitative understanding of the uptake mechanism is lacking. Herein, a computational chemistry strategy is developed employing high-level quantum chemical methods; the method offers detailed molecular insight into the hydrolysis and ammonolysis mechanisms of N2O5 in microdroplets. Specifically, our calculations estimate the bulk and interfacial hydrolysis rates to be (2.3 ± 1.6) × 10-3 and (6.3 ± 4.2) × 10-7 ns-1, respectively, and ammonolysis competes with hydrolysis at NH3 concentrations above 1.9 × 10-4 mol L-1. The slow interfacial hydrolysis rate suggests that interfacial processes have negligible effect on the hydrolysis of N2O5 in liquid water. In contrast, N2O5 ammonolysis in liquid water is dominated by interfacial processes due to the high interfacial ammonolysis rate. Our findings and strategy are applicable to high-chemical complexity microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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6
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Wang F, Li K, Li B, Wang C, Li Z, Zhang Y, Shan W, Yu Y, Zhang C, Fu Q, Ning P, Francisco JS, Zeng XC, He H. Identification of Direct Anchoring Sites for Monoatomic Dispersion of Precious Metals (Pt, Pd, Ag) on CeO 2 Support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318492. [PMID: 38265308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Monoatomic dispersion of precious metals on the surface of CeO2 nanocrystals is a highly practical approach for dramatically reducing the usage of precious metals while exploiting the unique properties of single-atom catalysts. However, the specific atomic sites for anchoring precious metal atoms on the CeO2 support and underlying chemical mechanism remain partially unknown. Herein, we show that the terminal hydroxyls on the (100) surface are the most stable sites for anchoring Ag atoms on CeO2 , indicating that CeO2 nanocubes are the most efficient substrates to achieve monoatomic dispersion of Ag. Importantly, the newly identified chemical mechanism for single-metal-atom dispersion on CeO2 nanocubes appears to be generic and can thus be extended to other precious metals (Pt and Pd). In fact, our experiments also show that atomically dispersed Pt/Pd species exhibit morphology- and temperature-dependent CO selectivity in the catalytic CO2 hydrogenation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kai Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bolang Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chunxue Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wenpo Shan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Hong He
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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7
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Xue J, Shao X, Li J, Li J, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. Observation of the Water-HNSO 2 Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5455-5460. [PMID: 38359146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sulfamic acid (NH2SO3H, SFA) is supposed to play an important role in aerosol new particle formation (NPF) in the atmosphere, and its formation mainly arises from the SO3-NH3 reaction system in which weakly bonded donor-acceptor complexes such as SO3···NH3 and isomeric HNSO2···H2O have been proposed as the key intermediates. In this study, we reveal the first spectroscopic observation of HNSO2···H2O in two forms in a solid Ar matrix at 10 K. The major form consists of two intermolecular H bonds by forming a six-membered ring structure with a calculated dissociation energy of 7.6 kcal mol-1 at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The less stable form resembles SO3···H2O in containing a pure chalcogen bond (S···O) with a dissociation energy of 7.2 kcal mol-1. The characterization of HNSO2···H2O with matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy is supported by D- and 18O-isotope labeling and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Liu Y, Zhu W, Jiang J, Gao Y, Zhu C, Liu C, Zhao J, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Assisted Self-Assembly of Nanoporous Ices via Carbon Nanomaterial Templates. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1811-1817. [PMID: 38330033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a widely used synthetic method in nanoscience to assemble well-organized structures. Self-assembly processes usually occur in a water solvent environment. However, the self-assembly of water molecules is rarely studied. Herein, we show a strategy to fabricate porous ice via carbon nanomaterial-assisted self-assembly. Diverse frameworks of nanoporous ice are formed by using orthorhombic and tetragonal arrays of carbon nanotubes or carbon-atom chains as templates. In contrast to many bulk ices discovered in nature, nanoporous ices are shown to be stable only under negative pressure. Hence, nanoporous ices cannot be produced through the direct nucleation of water at negative pressure. The template-assisted self-assembly method is shown to be the most effective method to fabricate nanoporous ice in quantity. Several key factors for the self-assembly of nanoporous ices are identified, including proper gap spacings in the carbon nanomaterial template and suitable interactions between water and the carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yurui Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, LincolnNebraska 68588, United States
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9
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Wang L, Jiang X, Trabelsi T, Wang G, Francisco JS, Zeng X, Zhou M. Spectroscopic Study of [Mg, H, N, C, O] Species: Implications for the Astrochemical Magnesium Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4162-4171. [PMID: 38306246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium is an abundant metal element in space, and magnesium chemistry has vital importance in the evolution of interstellar medium (ISM) and circumstellar regions, such as the asymptotic giant branch star IRC+10216 where a variety of Mg compounds bearing H, C, N, and O have been detected and proposed as the important components in the gas-phase molecular clouds and solid-state dust grains. Herein, we report the formation and infrared spectroscopic characterization of the Mg-bearing molecules HMg, [Mg, N, C], [Mg, H, N, C], [Mg, N, C, O], and [Mg, H, N, C, O] from the reactions of Mg/Mg+ and the prebiotic isocyanic acid (HNCO) in the solid neon matrix. Based on their thermal diffusion and photochemical behavior, a complex reactivity landscape involving association, decomposition, and isomerization reactions of these Mg-bearing molecules is developed, which can not only help understand the chemical processes of the magnesium (iso)cyanides in astrochemistry but also provide implications on the presence of magnesium (iso)cyanates in the ISM and the chemical model for the dust grain surface reactions. It also provides a new paradigm of the key intermediate nature of the cationic complexes in the formation of neutral interstellar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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10
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Zhang YQ, Francisco JS, Long B. Rapid Atmospheric Reactions between Criegee Intermediates and Hypochlorous Acid. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:909-917. [PMID: 38271208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a paramount compound in the atmosphere due to its significant contribution to both tropospheric oxidation capacity and ozone depletion. The main removal routes for HOCl are photolysis and the reaction with OH during the daytime, while these processes are unimportant during the nighttime. Here, we report the rapid reactions of Criegee intermediates (CH2OO and anti/syn-CH3CHOO) with HOCl by using high-level quantum chemical methods as the benchmark; their accuracy is close to coupled cluster theory with single, double, and triple excitations and quasiperturbative connected quadruple excitations with a complete basis limit by extrapolation [CCSDT(Q)/CBS]. Their rate constants have been calculated by using a dual-level strategy; this combines conventional transition state theory calculated at the benchmark level with variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling by a validated density functional method. We find that the introduction of the methyl group into Criegee intermediates not only affects their reactivities but also exerts a remarkable influence on anharmonicity. The calculated results uncover that anharmonicity increases the rate constants of CH2OO + HOCl by a factor of 18-5, while it is of minor importance in the anti/syn-CH3CHOO + HOCl reaction at 190-350 K. The present findings reveal that the loose transition state for anti-CH3CHOO and HOCl is a rate-determining step at 190-350 K. We also find that the reaction of Criegee intermediates with HOCl contributes significantly to the sink of HOCl during the nighttime in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong Zhang
- College of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bo Long
- College of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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Yuan DF, Liu Y, Trabelsi T, Zhang YR, Li J, Francisco JS, Guo H, Wang LS. Probing the dynamics and bottleneck of the key atmospheric SO 2 oxidation reaction by the hydroxyl radical. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314819121. [PMID: 38285944 PMCID: PMC10861908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314819121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
SO2 (Sulfur dioxide) is the major precursor to the production of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), contributing to acid rain and atmospheric aerosols. Sulfuric acid formed from SO2 generates light-reflecting sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere. This property has prompted recent geoengineering proposals to inject sulfuric acid or its precursors into the Earth's atmosphere to increase the planetary albedo to counteract global warming. SO2 oxidation in the atmosphere by the hydroxyl radical HO to form HOSO2 is a key rate-limiting step in the mechanism for forming acid rain. However, the dynamics of the HO + SO2 → HOSO2 reaction and its slow rate in the atmosphere are poorly understood to date. Herein, we use photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled HOSO2- anion to access the neutral HOSO2 radical near the transition state of the HO + SO2 reaction. Spectroscopic and dynamic calculations are conducted on the first ab initio-based full-dimensional potential energy surface to interpret the photoelectron spectra of HOSO2- and to probe the dynamics of the HO + SO2 reaction. In addition to the finding of a unique pre-reaction complex (HO⋯SO2) directly connected to the transition state, dynamic calculations reveal that the accessible phase space for the HO + SO2 → HOSO2 reaction is extremely narrow, forming a key reaction bottleneck and slowing the reaction rate in the atmosphere, despite the low reaction barrier. This study underlines the importance of understanding the full multidimensional potential energy surface to elucidate the dynamics of complex bimolecular reactions involving polyatomic reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing401331, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing401331, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
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12
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Dong Z, Francisco JS, Long B. Ammonolysis of Glyoxal at the Air-Water Nanodroplet Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316060. [PMID: 38084872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of glyoxal (CHO)2 ) with amines in cloud processes contribute to the formation of brown carbon and oligomer particles in the atmosphere. However, their molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we investigate the ammonolysis mechanisms of glyoxal with amines at the air-water nanodroplet interface. We identified three and two distinct pathways for the ammonolysis of glyoxal with dimethylamine and methylamine by using metadynamics simulations at the air-water nanodroplet interface, respectively. Notably, the stepwise pathways mediated by the water dimer for the reactions of glyoxal with dimethylamine and methylamine display the lowest free energy barriers of 3.6 and 4.9 kcal ⋅ mol-1 , respectively. These results showed that the air-water nanodroplet ammonolysis reactions of glyoxal with dimethylamine and methylamine were more feasible and occurred at faster rates than the corresponding gas phase ammonolysis, the OH+(CHO)2 reaction, and the aqueous phase reaction of glyoxal, leading to the dominant removal of glyoxal. Our results provide new and important insight into the reactions between carbonyl compounds and amines, which are crucial in forming nitrogen-containing aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zegang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Bo Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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13
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Gao Y, Wang S, Jiang J, Liu Y, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Evidence of Spontaneous Formation of Two-Dimensional Amorphous Clathrates on Superhydrophilic Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2503-2513. [PMID: 38237042 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Clathrate hydrates reserved in the seabed are often dispersed in the pores of coarse-grained sediments; hence, their formation typically occurs under nanoconfinement. Herein, we show the first molecular dynamics (MD) simulation evidence of the spontaneous formation of two-dimensional (2D) clathrate hydrates on crystal surfaces without conventional nanoconfinement. The kinetic process of 2D clathrate formation is illustrated via simulated single-molecule deposition. 2D amorphous patterns are observed on various superhydrophilic face-centered cubic surfaces. Notably, the formation of 2D amorphous clathrate can occur over a wide range of temperatures, even at room temperature. The strong water-surface interaction, the characteristic properties of guest-gas molecules, and the underlying surface structure dictate the formation of 2D amorphous clathrates. Semiquantitative phase diagrams of 2D clathrates are constructed where representative patterns of 2D clathrates for characteristic gas molecules on prototypical Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces are confirmed by independent MD simulations. A tunable pattern of 2D amorphous clathrates is demonstrated by changing the lattice strain of the underlying substrate. Moreover, ab initio MD simulations confirm the stability of 2D amorphous clathrate. The underlining physical mechanism for 2D clathrate formation on superhydrophilic surfaces is elucidated, which offers deeper insight into the crucial role of water-surface interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shixian Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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14
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Cao Y, Liu J, Ma Q, Zhang C, Zhang P, Chen T, Wang Y, Chu B, Zhang X, Francisco JS, He H. Photoactivation of Chlorine and Its Catalytic Role in the Formation of Sulfate Aerosols. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1467-1475. [PMID: 38186050 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel mechanism for the formation of photocatalytic oxidants in deliquescent NaCl particles, which can greatly promote the multiphase photo-oxidation of SO2 to produce sulfate. The photoexcitation of the [Cl--H3O+-O2] complex leads to the generation of Cl and OH radicals, which is the key reason for enhancing aqueous-phase oxidation and accelerating SO2 oxidation. The mass normalization rate of sulfate production from the multiphase photoreaction of SO2 on NaCl droplets could be estimated to be 0.80 × 10-4 μg·h-1 at 72% RH and 1.33 × 10-4 μg·h-1 at 81% RH, which is equivalent to the known O3 liquid-phase oxidation mechanism. Our findings highlight the significance of multiphase photo-oxidation of SO2 on NaCl particles as a non-negligible source of sulfate in coastal areas. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of Cl- photochemistry in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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15
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Liu Z, Sinopoli A, Francisco JS, Gladich I. Uptake and reactivity of NO2 on the hydroxylated silica surface: A source of reactive oxygen species. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:234704. [PMID: 38108483 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report state-of-the-art first-principles molecular dynamics results on the heterogeneous chemical uptake of NO2, a major anthropogenic pollutant, on the dry and wet hydroxylated surface of α-quartz, which is a significant component of silica-based catalysts and atmospheric dust aerosols. Our investigation spotlights an unexpected chemical pathway by which NO2 (i) can be adsorbed as HONO by deprotonation of interfacial silanols (i.e., -Si-OH group) on silica, (ii) can be barrierless converted to nitric acid, and (iii) can finally dissociated to surface bounded NO and hydroxyl gas phase radicals. This chemical pathway does not invoke any previously experimentally postulated NO2 dimerization, dimerization that is less likely to occur at low NO2 concentrations. Moreover, water significantly catalyzes the HONO formation and the dissociation of nitric acid into surface-bounded NO and OH radicals, while visible light adsorption can further promote these chemical transformations. This work highlights how water-restricted solvation regimes on common mineral substrates are likely to be a source of reactive oxygen species, and it offers a theoretical framework for further and desirable experimental efforts, aiming to better constrain trace gases/mineral interactions at different relative humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Huang L, Liu Z, Gao G, Chen C, Xue Y, Zhao J, Lei Q, Jin M, Zhu C, Han Y, Francisco JS, Lu X. Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction Selectivity toward Ethylene on Pyrazolate-Stabilized Asymmetric Ni-Cu Hybrid Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26444-26451. [PMID: 37991477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess well-defined, designable structures, holding great potential in enhancing product selectivity for electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) through active site engineering. Here, we report a novel MOF catalyst featuring pyrazolate-stabilized asymmetric Ni/Cu sites, which not only maintains structural stability under harsh electrochemical conditions but also exhibits extraordinarily high ethylene (C2H4) selectivity during CO2R. At a cathode potential of -1.3 V versus RHE, our MOF catalyst, denoted as Cu1Ni-BDP, manifests a C2H4 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 52.7% with an overall current density of 0.53 A cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, surpassing that on prevailing Cu-based catalysts. More remarkably, the Cu1Ni-BDP MOF exhibits a stable performance with only 4.5% reduction in C2H4 FE during 25 h of CO2 electrolysis. A suite of characterization tools─such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, operando X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy─and density functional theory calculations collectively reveal that the cubic pyrazolate-metal coordination structure and the asymmetric Ni-Cu sites in the MOF catalyst synergistically facilitate the stable formation of C2H4 from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziao Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ge Gao
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanrong Xue
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiwu Zhao
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiong Lei
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mengtian Jin
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xu Lu
- CCRC, Division of Physical Science and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), PSE, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Fu Z, Ma F, Liu Y, Yan C, Huang D, Chen J, Elm J, Li Y, Ding A, Pichelstorfer L, Xie HB, Nie W, Francisco JS, Zhou P. An overlooked oxidation mechanism of toluene: computational predictions and experimental validations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13050-13059. [PMID: 38023500 PMCID: PMC10664553 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03638c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) influence the Earth's climate and threaten human health. Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are major precursors for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere. However, the revealed oxidation mechanism dramatically underestimates the contribution of AHs to SOA formation, strongly suggesting the importance of seeking additional oxidation pathways for SOA formation. Using toluene, the most abundant AHs, as a model system and the combination of quantum chemical method and field observations based on advanced mass spectrometry, we herein demonstrate that the second-generation oxidation of AHs can form novel epoxides (TEPOX) with high yield. Such TEPOX can further react with H2SO4 or HNO3 in the aerosol phase to form less-volatile compounds including novel non-aromatic and ring-retaining organosulfates or organonitrates through reactive uptakes, providing new candidates of AH-derived organosulfates or organonitrates for future ambient observation. With the newly revealed mechanism, the chemistry-aerosol box modeling revealed that the SOA yield of toluene oxidation can reach up to 0.35, much higher than 0.088 based on the original mechanism under the conditions of pH = 2 and 0.1 ppbv NO. This study opens a route for the formation of reactive uptake SOA precursors from AHs and significantly fills the current knowledge gap for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lukas Pichelstorfer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
- pi-numerics Wallbachsiedlung 28 5202 Neumarkt am W. Austria
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA 19104-6316
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
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18
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Li L, Wang X, Yan Y, Francisco JS, Zhang J, Zeng XC, Zhong J. Resolving Temperature-Dependent Hydrate Nucleation Pathway: The Role of "Transition Layer". J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24166-24174. [PMID: 37874937 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nucleation of natural gas hydrate (NGH) at different conditions has important implications to NGH recovery and other industrial applications, such as gas storage and separation. Herein, vast numbers of hydrate nucleation events are traced via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at different degrees of supercooling (or driving forces). Specifically, to precisely characterize a hydrate nucleus from an aqueous system during the MD simulation, we develop an evolutionary order parameter (OP) to recognize the nucleus size and shape. Subsequently, the free energy landscapes of hydrate during nucleation are explored by using the newly developed OP. The results suggest that at 270 K (or 0.92 Tm supercooling, where Tm is the melting point), the near-rounded nucleus prevails during the nucleation, as described from the classical nucleation theory. In contrast, at relatively strong driving forces of 0.85 and 0.88 Tm, nonclassical nucleation events arise. Specifically, the pathway toward an elongated nucleus becomes as important as the pathway toward a near-rounded nucleus. To explain the distinct nucleation phenomena at different supercoolings, a notion of a "transition layer" (or liquid-blob-like layer) is proposed. Here, the transition layer is to describe the interfacial region between the nucleus and aqueous solution, and this layer entails two functionalities: (1) it tends to retain CH4 depending on the degrees of supercooling and (2) it facilitates collision among CH4, which thus promote the incorporation of CH4 into nucleus. Our simulation indicates that compared to the near-rounded nucleus, the transition layer surrounding the elongated nucleus is more evident with the higher collision rate among CH4 molecules. As such, the transition layer tends to promote the elongated nucleus pathway, while offsetting the cost of larger surface free energy associated with the elongated nucleus. At 0.92 Tm, however, the transition layer gradually disappears, and classical nucleation events dominate. Overall, the notion of "transition layer" offers deeper insight into the NGH nucleation at different degrees of supercooling and could be extended to describe other types of hydrate nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Youguo Yan
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
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19
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Trabelsi T, Esposito VJ, Francisco JS. Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Aluminum-Bearing Species in the Universe. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3045-3052. [PMID: 37831552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMetal-bearing molecules impact the chemical and physical environment of many astronomical sources such as the circumstellar envelopes of large asymptotic giant branch and red supergiant stars, the interstellar medium, and planetary atmospheres (e.g., ablation of ∼20 tons per day into the Earth's upper atmosphere). In recent decades, the number of successfully detected metal-containing molecules has increased via rotational spectroscopic observations, which are driven by theoretical and experimental investigations. Following formation, the ultimate fate of each species (stabilization, dissociation, etc.) is determined by its electronic structure and electronic spectroscopic properties as it encounters the pervasive radiation fields in the vacuum of space. Studying these properties can evince the possibility of detection and predict the impact each molecule has on its surrounding environment. Aluminum, one of the most abundant elements and metals, is distributed throughout the universe as a constituent of gas-phase molecules (e.g., AlO, AlOH, AlCl, etc.) as well as condensed onto solid dust grains such as Al2O3. Free gas-phase aluminum-bearing molecules are synthesized by nonthermal equilibrium processes such as shocks and pulsations near the stellar photosphere or via the reaction of molecules on the surface of dust grains. Recent investigations in our research group utilizing quantum chemical methods, such as coupled cluster (CCSD(T) and CCSD(T)-F12) and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) with large basis sets, have explored a wide breadth of spectroscopy and photochemistry of small (triatomic and tetratomic) aluminum-bearing molecules, including Al-H, Al-C, Al-N, Al-O, Al-Si, Al-P, and Al-S bonds, among others. The ground-state spectroscopy (rotational and vibrational) of various aluminum-bearing molecules is discussed in the context of experimental and observational detection potentials. These detection potentials depend on various factors, such as the magnitude of the permanent dipole moment (PDM) and the population of states yielding transition frequencies in detectable ranges. Many aluminum-bearing molecules possess large PDMs and may be prime candidates for astronomical and laboratory detection. Within this discussion, interesting aspects of the ground-state molecular orbital configuration of OAlNO are shown to lead to an uncommon triplet ground state. Additionally, the electronic absorption spectrum of the quasi-isoenergetic ground-state isomers of AlOSO is discussed as a sensitive method for detecting this species and differentiating between the two isomers. Finally, photochemical mechanisms key to the production of AlO and AlOH in low-density regions and the destruction of AlCO and AlOC are also discussed in order to understand the radiation-induced formation and destruction of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Vincent J Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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20
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Rao Z, Fang YG, Pan Y, Yu W, Chen B, Francisco JS, Zhu C, Chu C. Accelerated Photolysis of H 2O 2 at the Air-Water Interface of a Microdroplet. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37914533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical homolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurs widely in nature and is a key source of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The kinetics of H2O2 photolysis play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency of ·OH production, which is currently mainly investigated in bulk systems. Here, we report considerably accelerated H2O2 photolysis at the air-water interface of microdroplets, with a rate 1.9 × 103 times faster than that in bulk water. Our simulations show that due to the trans quasiplanar conformational preference of H2O2 at the air-water interface compared to the bulk or gas phase, the absorption peak in the spectrum of H2O2 is significantly redshifted by 45 nm, corresponding to greater absorbance of photons in the sunlight spectrum and faster photolysis of H2O2. This discovery has great potential to solve current problems associated with ·OH-centered heterogeneous photochemical processes in aerosols. For instance, we show that accelerated H2O2 photolysis in microdroplets could lead to markedly enhanced oxidation of SO2 and volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Rao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yishuai Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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21
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Zhang W, Zhong J, Li R, Li L, Ma X, Ji Y, Li G, Francisco JS, An T. Distinctive Heterogeneous Reaction Mechanism of ClNO 2 on the Air-Water Surface Containing Cl. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22649-22658. [PMID: 37811579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous reaction of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) on the air-water surface plays a significant role in the chloride lifecycle. The air-water surface is ubiquitous on ice surfaces under supercooled conditions, affecting the uptake and heterogeneous reaction processes of trace gases. Previous studies suggest that ClNO2 is formed on Cl-doped ice surfaces following the N2O5 uptake. Herein, a distinctive heterogeneous reaction mechanism of ClNO2 is suggested on an air-water surface containing Cl under supercooled conditions using combined classic molecular dynamics (MD) and Born-Oppenheimer MD simulations. It is found that N2O5 dissociates into a NO2+ and NO3- ionic pair on the top air-water surface. In the top layer of the surface containing barely any Cl-, NO2+ proceeds through hydrolysis and produces H3O+ and HNO3. Thus, surface acidification appears because of H3O+ yields. With NO2+ diffusion to the deep layer of the surface, NO2+ reacts with Cl- and forms ClNO2. Note that ClNO2 formation competes with NO2+ hydrolysis, and the rate of ClNO2 formation is 27.7[Cl-] larger than that of NO2+ hydrolysis. Afterward, the reaction of ClNO2 with Cl- becomes barrierless with the catalysis by H3O+, which is not feasible on a neutral surface. Cl2 is thus generated and escapes into the atmosphere (low solubility of Cl2), contributing to the Cl radical. The proposed mechanism bolsters the current understanding of ClNO2's fate and its role in Cl chemistry in extremely cold environments like the Arctic and other high-latitude regions in wintertime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Esposito VJ, Palmer CZ, Fortenberry RC, Francisco JS. Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of OAlNO and Implications for New Metal Chemistry in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7618-7629. [PMID: 37647609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A new aluminum-bearing species, OAlNO, which has the potential to impact the chemistry of the Earth's upper atmosphere, is characterized via high-level, ab initio, spectroscopic methods. Meteor-ablated aluminum atoms are quickly oxidized to aluminum oxide (AlO) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), where a steady-state layer of AlO then builds up. Concurrent formation of nitric oxide (NO) in the same region of the atmosphere will lead to the bimolecular formation of the OAlNO molecule. Molecular orbital analysis provides fundamental insights into the chemical bonding and energetic arrangement of the triplet (1 3A″) ground state and singlet (1 1A') excited-state species of OAlNO. Additionally, unpaired electrons on the terminal oxygen atom of triplet (1 3A″) OAlNO cause it to be reactive to atmospheric species, potentially impacting climate science and high-altitude chemistry. The triplet (1 3A″) ground-state species exhibits a large permanent dipole moment useful for rotational spectroscopic detection; however, similar rotational constants to the singlet (1 1A') excited-state species will hamper differentiation in a spectrum. Strong infrared intensities will assist in detection and discrimination of the different spin states and isomers. Repulsive electronic excited states of OAlNO will lead to photolysis of the Al-N bond and formation of various electronic states of AlO + NO through nonadiabatic pathways. Reaction through the OAlNO intermediate represents a means for the production of electronically excited AlO, leading to new chemistry in the atmosphere. Excitation to higher-lying electronic states will lead to fluorescence with a minor Stokes shift, useful for laboratory investigation. Such physical properties of this molecule will allow for new, unexplored chemical pathways in the MLT to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - C Zachary Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University Park, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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23
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Wan Z, Zhu C, Francisco JS. Molecular Insights into the Spontaneous Generation of Cl 2O in the Reaction of ClONO 2 and HOCl at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17478-17484. [PMID: 37522957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical processes involving chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) at the surface of stratospheric aerosols are crucial to ozone depletion. Herein, we show a reaction route for the formation of Cl2O, which is a source of stratospheric chlorine, in the ClONO2 + HOCl reaction at the air-water interface. Our ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations show that the (ClONO2)Cl···O(HOCl) halogen bond plays a key role in the reaction and is the main interaction between ClONO2 and HOCl both at the air-water interface and in the bulk liquid water. Furthermore, metadynamics-based AIMD simulations reveal two pathways: (i) The OCl fragment of HOCl binds to the Cl atom in ClONO2, resulting in the formation of Cl2O and NO3-. Simultaneously, the remaining hydrogen atom is transferred to a water molecule to form H3O+. (ii) HOCl acts as a bridge for Cl atom transfer from ClONO2 to the O atom of a water molecule, and this water molecule transfers one of its H atoms to another water molecule, forming two HOCl molecules, NO3-, and H3O+. Free-energy calculations show that the former is the energetically more favorable process. More importantly, the free-energy barrier for Cl2O formation at the air-water interface is only ∼0.8 kcal/mol, and the reaction is exothermic. These findings provide insights into the importance of fundamental chlorine chemistry and the broader implications of the aerosol air-water interface for atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Sun N, Li Y, Qiu N, Francisco JS, Du S. Effects of X (X = H2S, SO2 and N2O) mole fractions on adsorption behavior and phase equilibrium properties of CO2 + X mixed gas hydrate. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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25
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Liu J, Li B, Deng H, Yang Y, Song W, Wang X, Luo Y, Francisco JS, Li L, Gligorovski S. Resolving the Formation Mechanism of HONO via Ammonia-Promoted Photosensitized Conversion of Monomeric NO 2 on Urban Glass Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11488-11493. [PMID: 37196053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation processes of nitrous acid (HONO) is crucial due to its role as a primary source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the urban atmosphere and its involvement in haze events. In this study, we propose a new pathway for HONO formation via the UVA-light-promoted photosensitized conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the presence of ammonia (NH3) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, common compounds in urban grime). This new mechanism differs from the traditional mechanism, as it does not require the formation of the NO2 dimer. Instead, the enhanced electronic interaction between the UVA-light excited triplet state of PAHs and NO2-H2O/NO2-NH3-H2O significantly reduces the energy barrier and facilitates the exothermic formation of HONO from monomeric NO2. Furthermore, the performed experiments confirmed our theoretical findings and revealed that the synergistic effect from light-excited PAHs and NH3 boosts the HONO formation with determined HONO fluxes of 3.6 × 1010 molecules cm-2 s-1 at 60% relative humidity (RH) higher than any previously reported HONO fluxes. Intriguingly, light-induced NO2 to HONO conversion yield on authentic urban grime in presence of NH3 is unprecedented 130% at 60% RH due to the role of NH3 acting as a hydrogen carrier, facilitating the transfer of hydrogen from H2O to NO2. These results show that NH3-assisted UVA-light-induced NO2 to HONO conversion on urban surfaces can be a dominant source of HONO in the metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huifan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, China
- Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Gong K, Ao J, Li K, Liu L, Liu Y, Xu G, Wang T, Cheng H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wei H, George C, Mellouki A, Herrmann H, Wang L, Chen J, Ji M, Zhang L, Francisco JS. Imaging of pH distribution inside individual microdroplet by stimulated Raman microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219588120. [PMID: 37155894 PMCID: PMC10193990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219588120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerosol microdroplets as microreactors for many important atmospheric reactions are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. pH largely regulates the chemical processes within them; however, how pH and chemical species spatially distribute within an atmospheric microdroplet is still under intense debate. The challenge is to measure pH distribution within a tiny volume without affecting the chemical species distribution. We demonstrate a method based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to visualize the three-dimensional pH distribution inside single microdroplets of varying sizes. We find that the surface of all microdroplets is more acidic, and a monotonic trend of pH decreasing is observed in the 2.9-μm aerosol microdroplet from center to edge, which is well supported by molecular dynamics simulation. However, bigger cloud microdroplet differs from small aerosol for pH distribution. This size-dependent pH distribution in microdroplets can be related to the surface-to-volume ratio. This work presents noncontact measurement and chemical imaging of pH distribution in microdroplets, filling the gap in our understanding of spatial pH in atmospheric aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Kejian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Christian George
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne69626, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/The Observatory of Sciences of the Universe in the Center (CNRS/OSUC), Orléans Cedex 2, 45071, France
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leipzig04318, Germany
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental, Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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Trabelsi T, Francisco JS. Spectroscopic characterization of [H, Cl, S, O] molecular system: Potential candidate for detection in Venus atmosphere. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887767. [PMID: 37129141 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate spectroscopic parameters have been obtained for the identification of the [H, Cl, S, O] molecular system in the Venus atmosphere using computational methods. These calculations employed both standard and explicitly correlated coupled cluster techniques. All isomers possess C1 symmetry, with HOSCl being the most stable isomer. Only HOSCl and trigonal-HSOCl isomers are thermodynamically stable relative to the first dissociation limit HCl + SO. Fundamental modes of the lowest three isomers exhibit many anharmonic resonances, resulting in complex spectra. All isomers are found to be stable in the visible region as the calculation of vertical energy transition indicates. No electronic states were found to strongly absorb in the near UV-vis region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
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28
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Ning A, Zhong J, Li L, Li H, Liu J, Liu L, Liang Y, Li J, Zhang X, Francisco JS, He H. Chemical Implications of Rapid Reactive Absorption of I 2O 4 at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10817-10825. [PMID: 37133920 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine aerosol formation involving iodine-bearing species significantly affects the global climate and radiation balance. Although recent studies outline the critical role of iodine oxide in nucleation, much less is known about its contribution to aerosol growth. This paper presents molecular-level evidence that the air-water interfacial reaction of I2O4 mediated by potent atmospheric chemicals, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and amines [e.g., dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA)], can occur rapidly on a picosecond time scale by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. The interfacial water bridges the reactants while facilitating the DMA-mediated proton transfer and stabilizing the ionic products of H2SO4-involved reactions. The identified heterogeneous mechanisms exhibit the dual contribution to aerosol growth: (i) the ionic products (e.g., IO3-, DMAH+, TMAH+, and HSO4-) formed by reactive adsorption possess less volatility than the reactants and (ii) these ions, such as alkylammonium salts (e.g., DMAH+), are also highly hydrophilic, further facilitating hygroscopic growth. This investigation enhances not only our understanding of heterogeneous iodine chemistry but also the impact of iodine oxide on aerosol growth. Also, these findings can bridge the gap between the abundance of I2O4 in the laboratory and its absence in field-collected aerosols and provide an explanation for the missing source of IO3-, HSO4-, and DMAH+ in marine aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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29
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Rao Z, Li X, Fang YG, Francisco JS, Zhu C, Chu C. Spontaneous Oxidation of Thiols and Thioether at the Air-Water Interface of a Sea Spray Microdroplet. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10839-10846. [PMID: 37133970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The transport of dissolved organic sulfur, including thiols and thioethers, from the ocean surface to the atmosphere through sea spray aerosol (SSA) is of great importance for the global sulfur cycle. Thiol/thioether in SSA undergoes rapid oxidation that is historically linked to photochemical processes. Here, we report the discovery of a non-photochemical, spontaneous path of thiol/thioether oxidation in SSA. Among 10 investigated naturally abundant thiol/thioether, seven species displayed rapid oxidation in SSA, with disulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone comprising the major products. We suggest that such spontaneous oxidation of thiol/thioether was mainly fueled by thiol/thioether enrichment at the air-water interface and generation of highly reactive radicals by the loss of an electron from ions (e.g., glutathionyl radical produced from ionization of deprotonated glutathione) at or near the surface of the water microdroplet. Our work sheds light on a ubiquitous but previously overlooked pathway of thiol/thioether oxidation, which could contribute to an accelerated sulfur cycle as well as related metal transformation (e.g., mercury) at ocean-atmosphere interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Rao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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30
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Chu B, Liu Y, Li H, Jia Y, Liu J, Cao Q, Chen T, Zhang P, Ma Q, Zeng XC, Francisco JS, He H. Photocatalytic Oxidation of NO2 on TiO2: Evidence of a New Source of N2O5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202304017. [PMID: 37057643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
N2O5 is an important intermediate in the atmospheric nitrogen cycle. Using a flow tube reactor, N2O5 was found to be released from the TiO2 surface during the photocatalytic oxidation of NO2, revealing a previously unreported source of N2O5. The rate of N2O5 release from TiO2 was dependent on the initial NO2 concentration, relative humidity, O2/N2 ratio, and irradiation intensity. Experimental evidences and quantum chemical calculations showed that NO2 can react with the surface hydroxyl groups and the generated electron holes on the TiO2, followed by combining with another NO2 molecule to form N2O5. The latter was physisorbed on TiO2 and had a low adsorption energy of -0.13 eV. Box model simulations indicated that the new source of N2O5 released from TiO2 can increase the daytime N2O5 concentration by up to 20% in urban areas if abundant TiO2-containing materials and high NOx concentrations were present. This joint experimental/theoretical study not only demonstrates a new chemical mechanism for N2O5 formation but also has important implications for air quality in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwu Chu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, CHINA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, CHINA
| | - Hao Li
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Yongcheng Jia
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Jun Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Qing Cao
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Qingxin Ma
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, HONG KONG
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, 251 Hayden Hall, 240 South 33rd Street, 19104-6316, Philadelphia, UNITED STATES
| | - Hong He
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CHINA
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31
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Liu Y, Jiang J, Pu Y, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Evidence of Formation of 1-10 nm Diameter Ice Nanotubes in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Capillaries. ACS Nano 2023; 17:6922-6931. [PMID: 36940168 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water exhibits rich phase behaviors in nanoscale confinement. Since the simulation evidence of the formation of single-walled ice nanotubes (INTs) in single-walled carbon nanotubes was confirmed experimentally, INTs have been recognized as a form of low-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network. However, the single-walled INTs reported in the literature all possess subnanometer diameters (<1 nm). Herein, based on systematic and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the spontaneous freezing transition of liquid water to single-walled INTs with diameters reaching ∼10 nm when confined to capillaries of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DW-CNTs). Three distinct classes of INTs are observed, namely, INTs with flat square walls (INTs-FSW), INTs with puckered rhombic walls (INTs-PRW), and INTs with bilayer hexagonal walls (INTs-BHW). Surprisingly, when water is confined in DW-CNT (3, 3)@(13, 13), an INT-FSW freezing temperature of 380 K can be reached, which is even higher than the boiling temperature of bulk water at atmospheric pressure. The freezing temperatures of INTs-FSW decrease as their caliber increases, approaching to the freezing temperature of two-dimensional flat square ice at the large-diameter limit. In contrast, the freezing temperature of INTs-PRW is insensitive to their diameter. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to examine the stability of the INT-FSW and INT-PRW. The highly stable INTs with diameters beyond subnanometer scale can be exploited for potential applications in nanofluidic technologies and for mass transport as bioinspired nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yangyang Pu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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32
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Tham YJ, Sarnela N, Iyer S, Li Q, Angot H, Quéléver LLJ, Beck I, Laurila T, Beck LJ, Boyer M, Carmona-García J, Borrego-Sánchez A, Roca-Sanjuán D, Peräkylä O, Thakur RC, He XC, Zha Q, Howard D, Blomquist B, Archer SD, Bariteau L, Posman K, Hueber J, Helmig D, Jacobi HW, Junninen H, Kulmala M, Mahajan AS, Massling A, Skov H, Sipilä M, Francisco JS, Schmale J, Jokinen T, Saiz-Lopez A. Widespread detection of chlorine oxyacids in the Arctic atmosphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1769. [PMID: 36997509 PMCID: PMC10063661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorine radicals are strong atmospheric oxidants known to play an important role in the depletion of surface ozone and the degradation of methane in the Arctic troposphere. Initial oxidation processes of chlorine produce chlorine oxides, and it has been speculated that the final oxidation steps lead to the formation of chloric (HClO3) and perchloric (HClO4) acids, although these two species have not been detected in the atmosphere. Here, we present atmospheric observations of gas-phase HClO3 and HClO4. Significant levels of HClO3 were observed during springtime at Greenland (Villum Research Station), Ny-Ålesund research station and over the central Arctic Ocean, on-board research vessel Polarstern during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) campaign, with estimated concentrations up to 7 × 106 molecule cm-3. The increase in HClO3, concomitantly with that in HClO4, was linked to the increase in bromine levels. These observations indicated that bromine chemistry enhances the formation of OClO, which is subsequently oxidized into HClO3 and HClO4 by hydroxyl radicals. HClO3 and HClO4 are not photoactive and therefore their loss through heterogeneous uptake on aerosol and snow surfaces can function as a previously missing atmospheric sink for reactive chlorine, thereby reducing the chlorine-driven oxidation capacity in the Arctic boundary layer. Our study reveals additional chlorine species in the atmosphere, providing further insights into atmospheric chlorine cycling in the polar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Jun Tham
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-3720, Finland
| | - Qinyi Li
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hélène Angot
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivo Beck
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Laurila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa J Beck
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew Boyer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, València, 46071, Spain
| | - Ana Borrego-Sánchez
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-University of Granada, Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, València, 46071, Spain
| | - Otso Peräkylä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roseline C Thakur
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dean Howard
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Byron Blomquist
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Stephen D Archer
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
| | - Ludovic Bariteau
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Kevin Posman
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
| | - Jacques Hueber
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- JH Atmospheric Instrumentation Design, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Detlev Helmig
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Boulder Atmosphere Innovation Research LLC, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hans-Werner Jacobi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Laboratory of Environmental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anoop S Mahajan
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Andreas Massling
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skov
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Schmale
- Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, (EPFL) Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), the Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia, CY-1645, Cyprus.
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
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Zhang Q, Zhou C, Li M, Zhu Y, Wei X, Shen S, Ji Z, Luo G, Cheng Y, Yang X, Wang Z, Zou L, Zeng L, Lin J, Li L, Francisco JS, Gu M. Revealing Structural Insights of Solid Electrolyte Interphase in High-Concentrated Non-Flammable Electrolyte for Li Metal Batteries by Cryo-TEM. Small 2023:e2300849. [PMID: 36988005 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High-concentrated non-flammable electrolytes (HCNFE) in lithium metal batteries prevent thermal runaway accidents, but the microstructure of their solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) remains largely unexplored, due to the lack of direct imaging tools. Herein, cryo-HRTEM is applied to directly visualize the native state of SEI at the atomic scale. In HCNFE, SEI has a uniform laminated crystalline-amorphous structure that can prevent further reaction between the electrolyte and lithium. The inorganic SEI component, Li2 S2 O7 , is precisely identified by cryo-HRTEM. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the final Li2 S2 O7 phase has suitable natural transmission channels for Li-ion diffusion and excellent ionic conductivity of 1.2 × 10-5 S cm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xianbin Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shaocheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, 75 B. S. Hood Rd, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Zongwei Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xuming Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Zou
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental, Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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34
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Zhang D, Wang J, Chen H, Gong C, Xing D, Liu Z, Gladich I, Francisco JS, Zhang X. Fast Hydroxyl Radical Generation at the Air-Water Interface of Aerosols Mediated by Water-Soluble PM 2.5 under Ultraviolet A Radiation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6462-6470. [PMID: 36913682 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the adverse health effects and the role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols, hydroxyl radical (OH) generation by atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) has been of particular research interest in both bulk solutions and the gas phase. However, OH generation by PM at the air-water interface of atmospheric water droplets, a unique environment where reactions can be accelerated by orders of magnitude, has long been overlooked. Using the field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry methodology that selectively samples molecules at the air-water interface, here, we show significant oxidation of amphiphilic lipids and isoprene mediated by water-soluble PM2.5 at the air-water interface under ultraviolet A irradiation, with the OH generation rate estimated to be 1.5 × 1016 molecule·s-1·m-2. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations support the counter-intuitive affinity for the air-water interface of isoprene. We opine that it is the carboxylic chelators of the surface-active molecules in PM that enrich photocatalytic metals such as iron at the air-water interface and greatly enhance the OH generation therein. This work provides a potential new heterogeneous OH generation channel in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chu Gong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong Xing
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziao Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Ivan Gladich
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34410, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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35
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Abstract
It is well-known that the electron nature of a solid in contact plays a predominant role in determining the many properties of the contact systems, but the general rules of electron coupling that govern interfacial friction remain an open issue for the surface/interface community. Here, density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the physical origins of friction of solid interfaces. It was found that interfacial friction can be inherently traced back to the electronic barrier to the change in the contact configuration of the joints in slip due to the resistance of energy level rearrangement leading to electron transfer, which applies for various interface types ranging from van der Waals, metallic, and ionic to covalent joints. The variation of the electron density accompanying contact conformation changes along the sliding pathways is defined to track the frictional energy dissipation process occurring in slip. The results demonstrate that the frictional energy landscapes evolve synchronously with responding charge density evolution along sliding pathways, yielding an explicitly linear dependence of frictional dissipation on electronic evolution. The correlation coefficient enables us to interpret the fundamental concept of shear strength. The present charge evolution model thereby provides insights into the classic hypothesis that the friction force scales with the real contact area. This may shed light on the intrinsic origin of friction at the electronic level, opening the way to the rational design of nanomechanical devices as well as the understanding of the natural faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.,State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jibin Pu
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yanping Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Linmao Qian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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36
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Abstract
This study shows that the oxidation of alcohols can rapidly occur at air-water interfaces. It was found that methanediols (HOCH2OH) orient at air-water interfaces with a H atom of the -CH2- group pointing toward the gaseous phase. Counterintuitively, gaseous hydroxyl radicals do not prefer to attack the exposed -CH2- group but the -OH group that forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules at the surface via a water-promoted mechanism, leading to the formation of formic acids. Compared with gaseous oxidation, the water-promoted mechanism at the air-water interface significantly lowers free-energy barriers from ∼10.7 to ∼4.3 kcal·mol-1 and therefore accelerates the formation of formic acids. The study unveils a previously overlooked source of environmental organic acids that are bound up with aerosol formation and water acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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37
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Li X, Lu B, Jiang J, Wang L, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Fang W, Zhou M, Zeng X. Water Complex of Imidogen. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1982-1987. [PMID: 36633923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imidogen (NH) is the simplest nitrogen hydride that plays an important role in combustion and interstellar chemistry, and its combination with H2O is the prototypical amidation reaction of O-H bonds involving a nitrene intermediate. Herein, we report the observation of the elusive water complex of NH, a prereaction complex associated with the amidation reaction in a solid N2 matrix at 10 K. The hydrogen-bonded structure of NH···OH2 (versus HN···HOH) is confirmed via IR spectroscopy with comprehensive isotope labeling (D, 18O, and 15N) and quantum chemical calculations at the UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory. In line with the observed absorption at 350 nm, irradiation of the complex at 365 nm leads to O-H bond insertion, yielding hydroxylamine NH2OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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38
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Wan Z, Fang Y, Liu Z, Francisco JS, Zhu C. Mechanistic Insights into the Reactive Uptake of Chlorine Nitrate at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:944-952. [PMID: 36595549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the aqueous-phase processing of chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) plays a crucial role in ozone depletion. However, many of the physical and chemical properties of ClONO2 at the air-water interface or in bulk water are unknown or not understood on a microscopic scale. Here, the solvation and hydrolysis of ClONO2 at the air-water interface and in bulk water at 300 K were investigated by classical and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations combined with free energy methods. Our results revealed that ClONO2 prefers to accumulate at the air-water interface rather than in the bulk phase. Specifically, halogen bonding interactions (ClONO2)Cl···O(H2O) were found to be the predominant interactions between ClONO2 and H2O. Moreover, metadynamics-biased AIMD simulations revealed that ClONO2 hydrolysis is catalyzed at the air-water interface with an activation barrier of only ∼0.2 kcal/mol; additionally, the difference in free energy between the product and reactant is only ∼0.1 kcal/mol. Surprisingly, the near-barrierless reaction and the comparable free energies of the reactant and product suggested that the ClONO2 hydrolysis at the air-water interface is reversible. When the temperature is lowered from 300 to 200 K, the activation barrier for the ClONO2 hydrolysis at the air-water interface is increased to ∼5.4 kcal/mol. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Yeguang Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States.,Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
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39
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Lipson JE, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS. Spectroscopy and photochemistry of ClSSO. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024302. [PMID: 36641416 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-chlorine cycles play a role in the atmosphere of Venus. It is thought that many sulfur-chlorine bearing molecules could be present in Venus's atmosphere and play an important role in its chemical processes. The goal of this work is to provide new insight into the electronic structure and spectroscopy of the [Cl, S, S, O] molecular system. Eight isomers could be formed, but only three were found to be thermodynamically stable relative to the first dissociation limit. We spectroscopically characterized the two lowest energy stable isomers, C1-ClSSO and trans-ClSSO, using the accurate CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ method. The dipole moments of the two lowest energy stable isomers are predicted to be 1.90 and 1.60 debye, respectively. The C1-ClSSO isomer is suitable for laser induced fluorescence detection since the lowest excited electronic states absorb in the visible, ∼610 nm, and near UV region, 330 nm. We mapped the evolution of the low-lying excited electronic states along the ClS, SS, and SO bond lengths to find that the production of ClS, SO, or S2O is plausible, whereas the production of ClS2 is not allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette E Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, USA
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40
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Gong C, Yuan X, Xing D, Zhang D, Martins-Costa MTC, Anglada JM, Ruiz-López MF, Francisco JS, Zhang X. Fast Sulfate Formation Initiated by the Spin-Forbidden Excitation of SO 2 at the Air–Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22302-22308. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Gong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong Xing
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica (IQAC), CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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41
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Fang YG, Li X, Gao Y, cui YH, Francisco JS, Zhu C, Fang WH. Efficient exploration of complex free-energy landscapes by stepwise multi-subphase space metadynamics. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:214111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an efficient method based on an extension of metadynamics for exploring complex free energy landscapes (FELs). The method employs two-step metadynamics simulations. In the first step, rapid metadynamics simulations using broad and tall Gaussians are performed to identify a free energy pathway (FEP) connecting two states of interest. The FEP is then divided into a series of independent subphase spaces that comprise selected discrete images of the system. Using appropriate collective variables (CVs) chosen according to the FEP, the accurate FEL of each subphase space is separately calculated in subsequent divide-and-conquer metadynamics simulations with narrow and low Gaussians. Finally, all FELs calculated in each subphase phase are merged to obtain the full FEL. We show that the method greatly improves the performance of the metadynamics approach. In particular, we were able to efficiently model chemical systems with complex FELs, such as chemical reactions at the air/water interface. We demonstrated the performance of this method on two model reactions: the hydrolysis of formaldehyde in the gas phase and at the air/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yurui Gao
- Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
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42
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Elakkat V, Tessema E, Lin CH, Wang X, Chang HC, Zheng YN, Huang YC, . G, Zhang ZY, Chan KL, Asti HR, Francisco JS, Lu N. Unusual Changes of C–H Bond Lengths in Chiral Zinc Complexes Induced by Noncovalent Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202215438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayanath Elakkat
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Eskedar Tessema
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- National Taiwan Normal University Department of Chemistry TAIWAN
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate UNITED STATES
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Academia Sinica Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences TAIWAN
| | - You-Ning Zheng
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Yu-Cheng Huang
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Gurumallappa .
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Zhong-Yun Zhang
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Ka Long Chan
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Hening. Rahayu Asti
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials TAIWAN
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Norman Lu
- National Taipei University of Technology Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd. 106 Taipei TAIWAN
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43
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Zhao W, Xu WW, Jiang J, Zhao X, Duan X, Sun Y, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Evidence of Formation of Monolayer Hydrated Salts in Nanopores. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18976-18985. [PMID: 36197785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite much effort being devoted to the study of ionic aqueous solutions at the nanoscale, our fundamental understanding of the microscopic kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors in these systems remains largely incomplete. Herein, we reported the first 10 μs molecular dynamics simulation, providing evidence of the spontaneous formation of monolayer hexagonal honeycomb hydrated salts of XCl2·6H2O (X = Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg) from electrolyte aqueous solutions confined in an angstrom-scale slit under ambient conditions. By using both the classical molecular dynamics simulations and the first-principles Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, we further demonstrated that the hydrated salts were stable not only at ambient temperature but also at elevated temperatures. This phenomenon of formation of hydrated salt in water is contrary to the conventional view. The free energy calculations and dehydration analyses indicated that the spontaneous formation of hydrated salts can be attributed to the interplay between ion hydration and Coulombic attractions in the highly confined water. In addition to providing molecular-level insights into the novel behavior of ionic aqueous solutions at the nanoscale, our findings may have implications for the future exploration of potential existence of water molecules in the saline deposits on hot planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhao
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiangmei Duan
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yunxiang Sun
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Nguyen HVL, Koziol KJ, Trabelsi T, Khemissi S, Schwell M, Francisco JS, Kleiner I. Discovery of a Missing Link: First Observation of the HONO-Water Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8648-8652. [PMID: 36083614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The still unexplained daytime HONO concentration in the Earth's atmosphere and the impact of water on the HONO chemistry have been a mystery for decades. Several pathways and many modeling methods have failed to reproduce the atmospheric measurements. We reveal in this study the first spectroscopic observation and characterization of the complex of HONO with water observed through its rotational signature. Under the experimental conditions, HONO-water is stable, particularly straightforward to form, and features intense absorption signals. This could explain both the influence of water on the HONO chemistry and the missing HONO sources, as well as the missing contribution of many other molecules of atmospheric relevance that skew the accuracy of field measurements and the full account of partitioning species in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Vinh Lam Nguyen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Kenneth J Koziol
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 251 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Safa Khemissi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Martin Schwell
- Univ Paris Est Creteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 251 Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Isabelle Kleiner
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013 Paris, France
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45
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Fu Y, Li L, Huang C, Lin Y, Zhu C, Francisco JS, He Z, Zhou X, Wang J. Role of an Ice Surface in the Photoreaction of Coumarins. Langmuir 2022; 38:11346-11353. [PMID: 36066243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ice affects many chemical reactions in nature, which greatly influences the atmosphere, climate, and life. However, the exact mechanism of ice in these chemical reactions remains elusive. For example, it is still an open question as to whether ice can act as a catalyst to greatly enhance the reactivity and selectivity, which is essential for the production of some natural compounds in our planet. Here, we discover that ice can lead to high efficiency and stereoselectivity of the [2 + 2] photodimerization of coumarin and its derivatives. The conversion of the [2 + 2] photodimerization of coumarins enhanced by ice is dozens of times higher than that in the unfrozen saturated solution, and the reaction displays a high syn-head-head stereoselectivity (>95%) in comparison with those in the absence of the ice. Note that almost no reaction occurs in the crystal powder and melt of the coumarins, indicating that the role of ice in the photodimerization reaction is not simply due to the usual mechanisms found in the freezing concentration. We further reveal that the reaction rate is found to be proportional to the total area of the ice surface and follows Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics, indicating that the ice surface catalyzes the reaction. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that ice surfaces can induce reactants to form a two-dimensional liquid-crystal-ordered layer with a suitable intermolecular distance and unique side-by-side packing, facilitating stereoselective photodimerization for syn-head-head dimers. These findings give evidence that ice-surface-induced molecular assembly may play an important role in atmospheric heterogeneous photoreaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbiao Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, P. R. China
| | - Yang Fu
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linhai Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | | | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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46
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Zhao YC, Long B, Francisco JS. Quantitative Kinetics of the Reaction between CH 2OO and H 2O 2 in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6742-6750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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47
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trabelsi T, Francisco JS. Ground state spectroscopy and photochemistry of HAlOH. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124307. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio calculations were carried out in order to study the electronic structure and spectroscopy of cis-HAlOH, trans-HAlOH, H2AlO, and AlOH2. The cis structure is more stable than the trans, and both are thermodynamically stable relative to the AlOH + H dissociation limit. A set of spectroscopic constants were generated for the lowest stable isomers to help with their detection in the laboratory and in the interstellar medium. The first excited state absorbs strongly in the visible region (λ = 460 nm), with a predicted transition dipole moment of 2.07 debyes. The electronic structures of the first excited state were calculated, including the lifetime adiabatic excitation energy, rotational constants, and frequencies. We have shown that both isomers may be suitable for laser-induced fluorescence detection. Finally, photodissociation of the cis- and trans-HAlOH isomers is a plausible mechanism for the production of AlOH and H.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Earth and Environment Science, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Abstract
The reaction between a Criegee intermediate and the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is believed to play a role in the formation of new particles in the troposphere. Although the reaction has been previously studied in the gas phase, there are several knowledge gaps that still need to be filled. We simulated the reaction of anti-CH3CHOO with HO2 and HO2-H2O radical complexes in the gas phase at 0 K, which exhibited a low-barrier profile for water-containing systems and a barrierless profile for water-free systems. Moreover, the reaction was found to follow a proton-transfer mechanism, which challenges previous assumptions that the gas-phase reaction involves a hydrogen atom transfer. The HO2 radical was found to mediate the Criegee hydration reaction in the gas phase. Metadynamics simulations further confirmed that the expected radical adduct formation between anti-CH3CHOO and the HO2 radical, as well as the HO2- and H2O-mediated reactions in the gas phase, followed a concerted mechanism. By combining constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with thermodynamic integration, we quantitively evaluated the free-energy barriers at high temperatures. The barriers obtained for all three Criegee-HO2 reaction systems were found to be temperature-dependent. We also compared the free-energy barriers of water-free and water-containing systems; the results revealed that water could hinder the reaction between the Criegee and HO2 radical. These results suggest that HO2 radicals may be involved in the formation of tropospheric radical adducts, and water molecules may also play important roles in the reactions of Criegee intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Francés-Monerris A, Carmona-García J, Trabelsi T, Saiz-Lopez A, Lyons JR, Francisco JS, Roca-Sanjuán D. Photochemical and thermochemical pathways to S 2 and polysulfur formation in the atmosphere of Venus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4425. [PMID: 35907911 PMCID: PMC9338966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysulfur species have been proposed to be the unknown near-UV absorber in the atmosphere of Venus. Recent work argues that photolysis of one of the (SO)2 isomers, cis-OSSO, directly yields S2 with a branching ratio of about 10%. If correct, this pathway dominates polysulfur formation by several orders of magnitude, and by addition reactions yields significant quantities of S3, S4, and S8. We report here the results of high-level ab-initio quantum-chemistry computations that demonstrate that S2 is not a product in cis-OSSO photolysis. Instead, we establish a novel mechanism in which S2 is formed in a two-step process. Firstly, the intermediate S2O is produced by the coupling between the S and Cl atmospheric chemistries (in particular, SO reaction with ClS) and in a lesser extension by O-abstraction reactions from cis-OSSO. Secondly, S2O reacts with SO. This modified chemistry yields S2 and subsequent polysulfur abundances comparable to the photolytic cis-OSSO mechanism through a more plausible pathway. Ab initio quantification of the photodissociations at play fills a critical data void in current atmospheric models of Venus. Polysulfur compounds have been ascribed as the unknown near-UV absorbers in Venusian atmosphere and play a key role in the sulfur chemical cycle of this planet. Here, authors establish their production from (SO)2 on the grounds of quantifications of photochemical and thermal pathways involved in the sulfur chemical cycle of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071, València, Spain.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, 46071, València, Spain.
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Sun J, Cheng Z, Huang Q, He H, Francisco JS, Du S. Universal Principle for Large-Scale Production of a High-Quality Two-Dimensional Monolayer via Positive Charge-Driven Exfoliation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6597-6603. [PMID: 35833746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the intrinsic characteristics of the layered materials, here we report a universal principle for the production of intact monolayers via layer-by-layer exfoliation from their bulk via positive charge doping. At experimental accessible densities (nc) of ∼1014 cm-2, various multilayer crystals, including graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and black phosphorus, can be exfoliated into the corresponding monolayers through ab initio density functional theory stimulations. The carrier critical thresholds for exfoliating are found to be nearly independent of thickness but dependent on surface size. The universality of positive charge-driven exfoliation originates from the common intrinsic characteristics of electronic structures for layered materials. The positively doped charges that preferentially accumulate near the surface induce interlayer repulsion, leading to layer-by-layer exfoliation when repulsion surpasses interlayer van der Waals force. This strategy may open the possibility of producing diverse high-quality two-dimensional monolayers with a small number of defects toward large-scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziwen Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Heming He
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shiyu Du
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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