1
|
Ulrich HF, Gruschwitz FV, Klein T, Ziegenbalg N, Anh DTN, Fujii S, Hoeppener S, Sakurai K, Brendel JC. Influence of Polymer Side Chain Size and Backbone Length on the Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Polymer Bottlebrushes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400160. [PMID: 38446081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds are a versatile tool for creating fibrous, bottlebrush-like assemblies of polymeric building blocks. However, a delicate balance of forces exists between the steric repulsion of the polymer chains and these directed supramolecular forces. In this work we have systematically investigated the influence of structural parameters of the attached polymers on the assembly behaviour of benzene trisurea (BTU) and benzene tris(phenylalanine) (BTP) conjugates in water. Polymers with increasing main chain lengths and different side chain sizes were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), tri(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (TEGA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA). The resulting structures were analyzed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both BTU and BTP formed fibres with PHEA attached, but a transition to spherical morphologies was observed at degrees of polymerisation (DP) of 70 and above. Overall, the main chain length appeared to be a dominating factor in inducing morphology transitions. Increasing the side chain size generally had a similar effect but mainly impeded any aggregation as is the case of POEGA. Interestingly, BTP conjugates still formed fibres, suggesting that the stronger intermolecular interactions can compensate partially for the steric repulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans F Ulrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Klein
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Doan Thi Ngoc Anh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Current address, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schill J, Rosier BJHM, Gumí Audenis B, Magdalena Estirado E, de Greef TFA, Brunsveld L. Assembly of Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers on a DNA Origami Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7612-7616. [PMID: 33444471 PMCID: PMC8048573 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biological processes rely on transient interactions that govern assembly of biomolecules into higher order, multi-component systems. A synthetic platform for the dynamic assembly of multicomponent complexes would provide novel entries to study and modulate the assembly of artificial systems into higher order topologies. Here, we establish a hybrid DNA origami-based approach as an assembly platform that enables dynamic templating of supramolecular architectures. It entails the site-selective recruitment of supramolecular polymers to the platform with preservation of the intrinsic dynamics and reversibility of the assembly process. The composition of the supramolecular assembly on the platform can be tuned dynamically, allowing for monomer rearrangement and inclusion of molecular cargo. This work should aid the study of supramolecular structures in their native environment in real-time and incites new strategies for controlled multicomponent self-assembly of synthetic building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Schill
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
| | - Bas J. H. M. Rosier
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
| | - Berta Gumí Audenis
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Self-Organising Soft Matter and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Magdalena Estirado
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
| | - Tom F. A. de Greef
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
- Computational Biology groupDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFaculty of ScienceRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schill J, Rosier BJHM, Gumí Audenis B, Magdalena Estirado E, Greef TFA, Brunsveld L. Assembly of Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers on a DNA Origami Platform. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Schill
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Bas J. H. M. Rosier
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Berta Gumí Audenis
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Self-Organising Soft Matter and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Eva Magdalena Estirado
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Tom F. A. Greef
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
- Computational Biology group Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Faculty of Science Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krishnan N, Perumal D, Atchimnaidu S, Harikrishnan KS, Golla M, Kumar NM, Kalathil J, Krishna J, Vijayan DK, Varghese R. Galactose-Grafted 2D Nanosheets from the Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers for the Capture and Agglutination of Escherichia coli. Chemistry 2020; 26:1037-1041. [PMID: 31749263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High aspect ratio, sugar-decorated 2D nanosheets are ideal candidates for the capture and agglutination of bacteria. Herein, the design and synthesis of two carbohydrate-based Janus amphiphiles that spontaneously self-assemble into high aspect ratio 2D sheets are reported. The unique structural features of the sheets include the extremely high aspect ratio and dense display of galactose on the surface. These structural characteristics allow the sheet to act as a supramolecular 2D platform for the capture and agglutination of E. coli through specific multivalent noncovalent interactions, which significantly reduces the mobility of the bacteria and leads to the inhibition of their proliferation. Our results suggest that the design strategy demonstrated here can be applied as a general approach for the crafting of biomolecule-decorated 2D nanosheets, which can perform as 2D platforms for their interaction with specific targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Devanathan Perumal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Siriki Atchimnaidu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Kaloor S Harikrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Murali Golla
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Nilima Manoj Kumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Jemshiya Kalathil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Jithu Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Dileep K Vijayan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chu C, Stricker L, Kirse TM, Hayduk M, Ravoo BJ. Light-Responsive Arylazopyrazole Gelators: From Organic to Aqueous Media and from Supramolecular to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:6131-6140. [PMID: 30791165 PMCID: PMC6593461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Versatile photoresponsive gels based on tripodal low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are reported. A cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (CTA) core provides face-to-face hydrogen bonding and a planar conformation, inducing the self-assembly of supramolecular polymers. The CTA core was substituted with three arylazopyrazole (AAP) arms. AAP is a molecular photoswitch that isomerizes reversibly under alternating UV and green light irradiation. The E isomer of AAP is planar, favoring the self-assembly, whereas the Z isomer has a twisted structure, leading to a disassembly of the supramolecular polymers. By using tailor-made molecular design of the tripodal gelator, light-responsive organogels and hydrogels were obtained. Additionally, in the case of the hydrogels, AAP was coupled to the core through hydrazones, so that the hydrogelator and, hence, the photoresponsive hydrogel could also be assembled and disassembled by using dynamic covalent chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Wei Chu
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Lucas Stricker
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Thomas M. Kirse
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Matthias Hayduk
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Dun S, Schill J, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Mutually Exclusive Cellular Uptake of Combinatorial Supramolecular Copolymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:16445-16451. [PMID: 30155918 PMCID: PMC6282950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of self-assembled biological and synthetic matter results from their multicomponent properties. However, the interplay of the building block composition of self-assembled materials and uptake mechanisms urgently requires addressing. It is shown here that supramolecular polymers that self-assemble in aqueous media, are a modular and controllable platform to modulate cellular delivery by the introduction of small ligands or cationic moieties, with concomitantly different cellular uptake kinetics and valence dependence. A library of supramolecular copolymers revealed stringent mutually exclusive uptake behavior in which either of the uptake pathways dominated, with sharp compositional transition. Supramolecular biomaterial engineering thus provides for adaptive platforms with great potential for efficient tuning of multivalent and multicomponent systems interfacing with biological matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam van Dun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Schill
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Straßburger D, Stergiou N, Urschbach M, Yurugi H, Spitzer D, Schollmeyer D, Schmitt E, Besenius P. Mannose-Decorated Multicomponent Supramolecular Polymers Trigger Effective Uptake into Antigen-Presenting Cells. Chembiochem 2018; 19:912-916. [PMID: 29486092 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A modular route to prepare functional self-assembling dendritic peptide amphiphiles decorated with mannosides, to effectively target antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, is reported. The monomeric building blocks were equipped with tetra(ethylene glycol)s (TEGs) or labeled with a Cy3 fluorescent probe. Experiments on the uptake of the multifunctional supramolecular particles into murine macrophages (Mφs) were monitored by confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Mannose-decorated supramolecular polymers trigger a significantly higher cellular uptake and distribution, relative to TEG carrying bare polymers. No cytotoxicity or negative impact on cytokine production of the treated Mφs was observed, which emphasized their biocompatibility. The modular nature of the multicomponent supramolecular polymer coassembly protocol is a promising platform to develop fully synthetic multifunctional vaccines, for example, in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Straßburger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natascha Stergiou
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Gebäude 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hajime Yurugi
- Molecular Signaling Unit-FZI, Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Gebäude 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Spitzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Gebäude 708, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alemán García MÁ, Magdalena Estirado E, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Dual-Input Regulation and Positional Control in Hybrid Oligonucleotide/Discotic Supramolecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Alemán García
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; PO Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Eva Magdalena Estirado
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; PO Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; PO Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; PO Box 513 5600MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alemán García MÁ, Magdalena Estirado E, Milroy L, Brunsveld L. Dual-Input Regulation and Positional Control in Hybrid Oligonucleotide/Discotic Supramolecular Wires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4976-4980. [PMID: 29457856 PMCID: PMC5969285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of oligonucleotides and synthetic supramolecular systems allows for novel and long‐needed modes of regulation of the self‐assembly of both molecular elements. Discotic molecules were conjugated with short oligonucleotides and their assembly into responsive supramolecular wires studied. The self‐assembly of the discotic molecules provides additional stability for DNA‐duplex formation owing to a cooperative effect. The appended oligonucleotides allow for positional control of the discotic elements within the supramolecular wire. The programmed assembly of these hybrid architectures can be modulated through the DNA, for example, by changing the number of base pairs or salt concentration, and through the discotic platform by the addition of discotic elements without oligonucleotide handles. These hybrid supramolecular‐DNA structures allow for advanced levels of control over 1D dynamic platforms with responsive regulatory elements at the interface with biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Alemán García
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Magdalena Estirado
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lech‐Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyPO Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Albanyan B, Laurini E, Posocco P, Pricl S, Smith DK. Self-Assembled Multivalent (SAMul) Polyanion Binding-Impact of Hydrophobic Modifications in the Micellar Core on DNA and Heparin Binding at the Peripheral Cationic Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:6391-6397. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Albanyan
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Erik Laurini
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA); University of Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Paola Posocco
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA); University of Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA); University of Trieste; 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - David K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang CL, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xiang JF, Rambo BM, Sessler JL, Gong HY. Discrete 1 : 1 complexes and higher order assemblies formed from aminobenzene sulphonate anions and a tetraimidazolium “molecular box”. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3669-3672. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aminobenzene sulphonate species having different isomeric patterns act as substrates for a tetracationic molecular box.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Q, Dall'Angelo S, Fleming IN, Schweiger LF, Zanda M, O'Hagan D. Last-Step Enzymatic [(18) F]-Fluorination of Cysteine-Tethered RGD Peptides Using Modified Barbas Linkers. Chemistry 2016; 22:10998-1004. [PMID: 27374143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a last-step fluorinase-catalyzed [(18) F]-fluorination of a cysteine-containing RGD peptide. The peptide was attached through sulfur to a modified and more hydrophilic variant of the recently disclosed Barbas linker which was itself linked to a chloroadenosine moiety via a PEGylated chain. The fluorinase was able to use this construct as a substrate for a transhalogenation reaction to generate [(18) F]-radiolabeled RGD peptides, which retained high affinity to cancer-cell relevant αv β3 integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lutz F Schweiger
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leenders CMA, Jansen G, Frissen MMM, Lafleur RPM, Voets IK, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Monosaccharides as Versatile Units for Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2016; 22:4608-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christianus M. A. Leenders
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Jansen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. M. Frissen
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - René P. M. Lafleur
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513; 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu F, Jin J, Wang L, Sun P, Yuan H, Yang Z, Chen G, Fan QH, Liu D. Functionalization of DNA-dendron supramolecular fibers and application in regulation of Escherichia coli association. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7351-7356. [PMID: 25782730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific carbohydrate recognition in biology is a dynamic process. Thus, supramolecular multivalent scaffolds with dynamic features have been applied to mimic this process. Herein, we prepared DNA-dendron supramolecular fibers and synthesized carbohydrate-oligonucleotide conjugates (C18-mannose). Via DNA hybridization, the C18-mannose could be guided onto the fiber platform and form multiple mannose-functionalized fibers, which can be utilized to agglutinate E. coli because of high affinity among multivalent mannose ligands and receptors on E. coli. In addition, via chain exchange reaction of DNAs, the E. coli could be dissociated by replacing multivalent mannose ligands with competitive unmodified DNA sequences. The association and dissociation processes of E. coli are confirmed by fluorescent microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). These results not only demonstrate the ability of DNA-dendron fibers in reversibly associating E. coli but also illustrate their potential to be an easily modified multivalent supramolecular platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Liying Wang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- §The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huanxiang Yuan
- ∥Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Guosong Chen
- §The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Tian H. Effective Integrative Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10582-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Zhang Q, Tian H. Eine leistungsfähige integrative supramolekulare Polymerisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
17
|
Ahlers P, Frisch H, Spitzer D, Vobecka Z, Vilela F, Besenius P. The Synthesis of Dendritic EDOT-Peptide Conjugates and their Multistimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly into Supramolecular Nanorods and Fibers in Water. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2052-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
18
|
Chmielewski MJ, Buhler E, Candau J, Lehn JM. Multivalency by Self-Assembly: Binding of Concanavalin A to Metallosupramolecular Architectures Decorated with Multiple Carbohydrate Groups. Chemistry 2014; 20:6960-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Huang Z, Yang L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Scherman OA, Zhang X. Supramolecular Polymerization Promoted and Controlled through Self-Sorting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5351-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Li YQ, Zhu B, Li Y, Leow WR, Goh R, Ma B, Fong E, Tang M, Chen X. A Synergistic Capture Strategy for Enhanced Detection and Elimination of Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5837-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
22
|
Li YQ, Zhu B, Li Y, Leow WR, Goh R, Ma B, Fong E, Tang M, Chen X. A Synergistic Capture Strategy for Enhanced Detection and Elimination of Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
23
|
Thomas A, Shukla A, Sivakumar S, Verma S. Assembly, postsynthetic modification and hepatocyte targeting by multiantennary, galactosylated soft structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15752-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme modifiable, hollow self-assembled structures offer an excellent scope for multiantennary delivery vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Akansha Shukla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
- DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
- DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Frisch H, Unsleber JP, Lüdeker D, Peterlechner M, Brunklaus G, Waller M, Besenius P. pH-Schaltbare amphotere supramolekulare Copolymere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
25
|
Frisch H, Unsleber JP, Lüdeker D, Peterlechner M, Brunklaus G, Waller M, Besenius P. pH-Switchable ampholytic supramolecular copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10097-101. [PMID: 23929814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-sheet-encoded anionic and cationic dendritic peptide amphiphiles form supramolecular copolymers when self-assembled in a 1:1 feed ratio of the monomers. These ampholytic materials have been designed for on-off polymerization in response to pH triggers. The cooperative supramolecular self-assembly process is switched on at a physiologically relevant pH value and can be switched off by increasing or decreasing the pH value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster (Germany) http://www.besenius-group.com; CeNTech, Münster (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Petkau-Milroy K, Sonntag MH, Brunsveld L. Modular columnar supramolecular polymers as scaffolds for biomedical applications. Chemistry 2013; 19:10786-93. [PMID: 23852752 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of discotic molecules into supramolecular polymers offers a flexible approach for the generation of multicomponent one-dimensional columnar architectures with tuneable biomedical properties. Decoration with ligands induces specific binding of the self-assembled scaffold to biological targets. The modular design allows the easy co-assembly of different discotics for the generation of probes for targeted imaging and cellular targeting with adjustable ligand density and composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Petkau-Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aparicio F, Sánchez L. Thermodynamics of the Helical, Supramolecular Polymerization of Linear Self-Asembling Molecules: Influence of Hydrogen Bonds and π Stacking. Chemistry 2013; 19:10482-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
28
|
Petkau-Milroy K, Brunsveld L. Self-Assembling Multivalency - Supramolecular Polymers Assembled from Monovalent Mannose-Labelled Discotic Molecules. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
29
|
Wang KR, Wang YQ, An HW, Zhang JC, Li XL. A Triazatruxene-Based Glycocluster as a Fluorescent Sensor for Concanavalin A. Chemistry 2013; 19:2903-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
30
|
Barnard A, Smith DK. Selbstorganisierte Multivalenz: dynamische Ligandenanordnungen für hochaffine Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
31
|
Barnard A, Smith DK. Self-assembled multivalency: dynamic ligand arrays for high-affinity binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6572-81. [PMID: 22689381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multivalency is a powerful strategy for achieving high-affinity molecular recognition in biological systems. Recently, attention has begun to focus on using self-assembly rather than covalent scaffold synthesis to organize multiple ligands. This approach has a number of advantages, including ease of synthesis/assembly, tunability of nanostructure morphology and ligands, potential to incorporate multiple active units, and the responsive nature of self-assembly. We suggest that self-assembled multivalency is a strategy of fundamental importance in the design of synthetic nanosystems to intervene in biological pathways and has potential applications in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tao K, Bai R, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li J, Xue L. A Strategy for Fabrication of Columnar Supramolecular Polymers by Highly Directional π-π Stacking and Strong Multiple Ionic Bonds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Kim J, Ahn Y, Park KM, Lee DW, Kim K. Glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes: carbohydrate wheels threaded on a polymer string and their inhibition of bacterial adhesion. Chemistry 2011; 16:12168-73. [PMID: 20859967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes composed of cucurbit[6]uril-based mannose wheels (ManCB[6]) threaded on polyviologen (PV), which not only effectively induce bacterial aggregation, but also exhibit high inhibitory activity against bacterial binding to host cells. Three glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes (1-3), which have 10, 5, and 3 ManCB[6] wheels, respectively, on a PV string, were prepared and characterized. Bacterial aggregation assays and hemagglutination inhibition assays illustrated the specific and multivalent interaction between the glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes and E. coli ORN178. Compound 3 was especially effective at inducing bacterial aggregation and showed 300 times higher inhibitory potency than monomeric methyl-α-mannoside (Me-αMan) for ORN178-induced hemagglutination. Furthermore, we demonstrated their inhibitory activities for the adhesion of ORN178 bacteria to urinary epithelial cells as a model of urinary tract infection. Our findings suggest that these supramolecular carbohydrate clusters are potentially useful in antiadhesion therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
van Houtem M, Martín-Rapún R, Vekemans J, Meijer E. Desymmetrization of 3,3′-Bis(acylamino)-2,2′-bipyridine-Based Discotics: The High Fidelity of Their Self-Assembly Behavior in the Liquid-Crystalline State and in Solution. Chemistry 2010; 16:2258-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|