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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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Zięba S, Rusek M, Katrusiak A, Gzella A, Dubis AT, Łapiński A. Helical model of compression and thermal expansion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17398. [PMID: 37833356 PMCID: PMC10575930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A negative linear temperature expansion and a negative linear compressibility were observed for imidazolium benzoate salt. Its strongly anisotropic strain induced by the temperature and pressure changes has been explained by the mechanism of H-bonded helices deformed in the structure. X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy were used to analyze interactions in the crystal. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAiM) approach was applied to analyze the hydrogen bonds and other interactions. In the salt under study, the interactions within the helix are substantially higher in energy than between helices. With decreasing temperature and increasing pressure, the value of the helix pitch increases while the value of the semi-major axis decreases, which results in the negative linear expansion and negative linear compression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zięba
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michalina Rusek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alina T Dubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łapiński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznan, Poland.
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Wu Z, Xu W, Li C, Ma Z, Wang G, Wang H. Synthesis and crystal structures of unsymmetrical wave-shaped heptathienoacenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5145-5151. [PMID: 35708061 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three unsymmetrical wave-shaped heptathienoacenes (UHT-1, UHT-2 and UHT-3) with sulfur atoms at different isomeric locations in the two terminal thiophene rings were designed and synthesized. The synthetic strategy contains two crucial steps, including the cross-coupling of two different dithienothiophene isomers (DTT) from dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-d]thiophene (bb-DTT), dithieno[2,3-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (bt-DTT) and dithieno[2,3-b:3',4'-d]thiophene (bs-DTT) as building blocks through the Negishi coupling and intramolecular cyclization reactions with (SnBu3)2S. X-ray crystal structures of UHT-1, UHT-2 and UHT-3 show that the molecules adopt a wave-shaped geometry with multiple intermolecular interactions, such as S-S, S-C and S-H, which result in different crystal packing patterns. The isomeric location of the sulfur atoms of the two terminal thiophene rings of UHT-1, UHT-2 and UHT-3 plays an important role in tuning π-electronic conjugation and spectroscopic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Wan Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Chunli Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Zhiying Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Guangxia Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Kumar R, Semwal S, Choudhury J, Srivastava A. Heli(aza)cene: A Helical Molecular Tweezer with Tunable Intra- and Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Chemistry 2017; 23:15012-15016. [PMID: 28881051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-planar fluorophores offer unique avenues of intra- and intermolecular energy transfer not available in their planar counterparts. We have rationally designed a molecular tweezer based on the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide framework having two structurally similar arms with extended π-surface. We termed this molecular tweezer as Heli(aza)cene (HAC) due to its spontaneous adoption of helical conformation stabilized by the amide and imine moieties present in it. In the helical conformation, the two arms of HAC are twisted unequally. This asymmetry confers dissimilar electronic character to the two arms and results in intramolecular charge transfer interactions in HAC. Homochiral stacking of the P- and the M- helices in crystal, and profound redshifting of the emission at higher concentrations of HAC was attributed to intermolecular charge-transfer interactions in aggregated/crystal state. Exposure of HAC, in solution as well as in the solid state, to Lewis/Brønsted acids results in rapid and vibrant color changes. This is the first example of a π-layered helical molecule exhibiting tunable intra-/intermolecular charge-transfer characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shrivats Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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Biet T, Martin K, Hankache J, Hellou N, Hauser A, Bürgi T, Vanthuyne N, Aharon T, Caricato M, Crassous J, Avarvari N. Triggering Emission with the Helical Turn in Thiadiazole-Helicenes. Chemistry 2016; 23:437-446. [PMID: 27763709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of heterocycles into the helical skeleton of helicenes allows modulation of their redox, chiroptical, and photophysical properties. This paper describes the straightforward preparation and structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of thiadiazole-[7]helicene, which was resolved into M and P enantiomers by chiral HPLC, together with its S-shaped double [4]helicene isomer, as well as the smaller congeners thiadiazole-[5]helicene and benzothiadiazole-anthracene. A copper(II) complex with two thiadiazole-[5]helicene ligands was structurally characterized, and it shows the presence of both M and P isomers coordinated to the metal center. The emission properties of the heterohelicenes are highly dependent on the helical turn, as the [7]- and [5]helicene are poorly emissive, whereas their isomers, that is, the S-shaped double [4]helicene and thiadiazole-benzanthracene, are luminescent, with quantum efficiencies of 5.4 and 6.5 %, respectively. DFT calculations suggest quenching of the luminescence of enantiopure [7]helicenes through an intersystem-crossing mechanism arising from the relaxed excited S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Biet
- Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Kévin Martin
- Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Jihane Hankache
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nora Hellou
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille , France
| | - Tal Aharon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226, CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
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Liu Q, Gao X, Zhong H, Song J, Wang H. Planar Heptathienoacenes Based on Unsymmetric Dithieno[3,2-b:3′,4′-d]thiophene: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8612-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Liu
- Engineering Research Center
for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Gao
- Engineering Research Center
for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Engineering Research Center
for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center
for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center
for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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Nath NK, Severa L, Kunetskiy RA, Císařová I, Fulem M, Růžička K, Koval D, Kašička V, Teplý F, Naumov P. Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transition in an Enantiopure [7]Helquat Salt: The First Observation of a Reversible Phase Transition in a Helicene-Like Compound. Chemistry 2015; 21:13508-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Seto R, Koyama Y, Xu K, Kawauchi S, Takata T. Exact helical polymer synthesis by directionally fixed connection of a C2-chiral 9,9′-spirobifluorene unit with a C2- or Cs-symmetric unit. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5486-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41685b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fuentes N, Martin-Lasanta A, Alvarez de Cienfuegos L, Robles R, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, García-Ruiz JM, Martínez-Fernández L, Corral I, Ribagorda M, Mota AJ, Cárdenas DJ, Carreño MC, Cuerva JM. Versatile Bottom-up Approach to Stapled π-Conjugated Helical Scaffolds: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Cyclico-Phenylene Ethynylene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13036-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fuentes N, Martin-Lasanta A, Alvarez de Cienfuegos L, Robles R, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, García-Ruiz JM, Martínez-Fernández L, Corral I, Ribagorda M, Mota AJ, Cárdenas DJ, Carreño MC, Cuerva JM. Versatile Bottom-up Approach to Stapled π-Conjugated Helical Scaffolds: Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Cyclico-Phenylene Ethynylene Oligomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yavari K, Moussa S, Ben Hassine B, Retailleau P, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. 1H-Phosphindoles as Structural Units in the Synthesis of Chiral Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yavari K, Moussa S, Ben Hassine B, Retailleau P, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. 1H-Phosphindoles as Structural Units in the Synthesis of Chiral Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6748-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Opsitnick EA, Jiang X, Hollenbeck AN, Lee D. Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Helical Folding of Propeller-Shaped Molecules: Effects of Extended π-Conjugation on Chiral Selection, Conformational Stability, and Exciton Coupling. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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