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Wang H, Yang Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Liu T, Chen G, Wang K. Phage-based delivery systems: engineering, applications, and challenges in nanomedicines. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:365. [PMID: 38918839 PMCID: PMC11197292 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) represent a unique category of viruses with a remarkable ability to selectively infect host bacteria, characterized by their assembly from proteins and nucleic acids. Leveraging their exceptional biological properties and modifiable characteristics, phages emerge as innovative, safe, and efficient delivery vectors. The potential drawbacks associated with conventional nanocarriers in the realms of drug and gene delivery include a lack of cell-specific targeting, cytotoxicity, and diminished in vivo transfection efficiency. In contrast, engineered phages, when employed as cargo delivery vectors, hold the promise to surmount these limitations and attain enhanced delivery efficacy. This review comprehensively outlines current strategies for the engineering of phages, delineates the principal types of phages utilized as nanocarriers in drug and gene delivery, and explores the application of phage-based delivery systems in disease therapy. Additionally, an incisive analysis is provided, critically examining the challenges confronted by phage-based delivery systems within the domain of nanotechnology. The primary objective of this article is to furnish a theoretical reference that contributes to the reasoned design and development of potent phage-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266024, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Gang Chen
- Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266024, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266024, China.
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Zhang Y, Ardejani MS, Orner BP. Design and Applications of Protein-Cage-Based Nanomaterials. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2814-2828. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals; College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 P.R. China
| | - Maziar S. Ardejani
- Department of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla CA 92037 United States
| | - Brendan P. Orner
- Department of Chemistry; King's College London; London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
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Putri RM, Cornelissen JJLM, Koay MST. Self-Assembled Cage-Like Protein Structures. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:911-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Obermeyer AC, Jarman JB, Netirojjanakul C, El Muslemany K, Francis MB. Mild Bioconjugation Through the Oxidative Coupling ofortho-Aminophenols and Anilines with Ferricyanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Obermeyer AC, Jarman JB, Netirojjanakul C, El Muslemany K, Francis MB. Mild Bioconjugation Through the Oxidative Coupling ofortho-Aminophenols and Anilines with Ferricyanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1057-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ashley CE, Carnes EC, Phillips GK, Durfee PN, Buley MD, Lino CA, Padilla DP, Phillips B, Carter MB, Willman CL, Brinker CJ, Caldeira JDC, Chackerian B, Wharton W, Peabody DS. Cell-specific delivery of diverse cargos by bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles. ACS NANO 2011; 5:5729-45. [PMID: 21615170 PMCID: PMC3144304 DOI: 10.1021/nn201397z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) of bacteriophage MS2 possess numerous features that make them well-suited for use in targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. MS2 VLPs can be rapidly produced in large quantities using in vivo or in vitro synthesis techniques. Their capsids can be modified in precise locations via genetic insertion or chemical conjugation, facilitating the multivalent display of targeting ligands. MS2 VLPs also self-assemble in the presence of nucleic acids to specifically encapsidate siRNA and RNA-modified cargos. Here we report the use of MS2 VLPs to selectively deliver nanoparticles, chemotherapeutic drugs, siRNA cocktails, and protein toxins to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MS2 VLPs modified with a peptide (SP94) that binds HCC exhibit a 10(4)-fold higher avidity for HCC than for hepatocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, or lymphocytes and can deliver high concentrations of encapsidated cargo to the cytosol of HCC cells. SP94-targeted VLPs loaded with doxorubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil selectively kill the HCC cell line, Hep3B, at drug concentrations <1 nM, while SP94-targeted VLPs that encapsidate a siRNA cocktail, which silences expression of cyclin family members, induce growth arrest and apoptosis of Hep3B at siRNA concentrations <150 pM. Impressively, MS2 VLPs, when loaded with ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) and modified to codisplay the SP94 targeting peptide and a histidine-rich fusogenic peptide (H5WYG) that promotes endosomal escape, kill virtually the entire population of Hep3B cells at an RTA concentration of 100 fM without affecting the viability of control cells. Our results demonstrate that MS2 VLPs, because of their tolerance of multivalent peptide display and their ability to specifically encapsidate a variety of chemically disparate cargos, induce selective cytotoxicity of cancer in vitro and represent a significant improvement in the characteristics of VLP-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlee E. Ashley
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eric C. Carnes
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Genevieve K. Phillips
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Paul N. Durfee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mekensey D. Buley
- Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73109, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David P. Padilla
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brandy Phillips
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mark B. Carter
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Cheryl. L. Willman
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1349, USA
| | - Jerri do Carmo Caldeira
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Walker Wharton
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David S. Peabody
- Cancer Research and Treatment Center, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Amir RJ, Albertazzi L, Willis J, Khan A, Kang T, Hawker CJ. Multifunctional trackable dendritic scaffolds and delivery agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3425-9. [PMID: 21391296 PMCID: PMC3491073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roey J. Amir
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA, Fax: (+1-805) 893-8797
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA, Fax: (+1-805) 893-8797. NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and CNR-INFM, and IIT@NEST, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jenny Willis
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA, Fax: (+1-805) 893-8797
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, ETH-Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, HCl H-520, 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Taegon Kang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA, Fax: (+1-805) 893-8797
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5121, USA, Fax: (+1-805) 893-8797
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Amir RJ, Albertazzi L, Willis J, Khan A, Kang T, Hawker CJ. Multifunctional Trackable Dendritic Scaffolds and Delivery Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dix AV, Fischer L, Sarrazin S, Redgate CPH, Esko JD, Tor Y. Cooperative, heparan sulfate-dependent cellular uptake of dimeric guanidinoglycosides. Chembiochem 2011; 11:2302-10. [PMID: 20931643 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oligoarginine and guanidinium-rich molecular transporters have been shown to facilitate the intracellular delivery of a diverse range of biologically relevant cargos. Several such transporters have been suggested to interact with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans as part of their cell-entry pathway. Unlike for other guanidinium-rich transporters, the cellular uptake of guanidinoglycosides at nanomolar concentrations is exclusively heparan sulfate dependent. As distinct cells differ in their expression levels and/or the composition of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, one might be able to exploit such differences to selectively target certain cell types. To systematically investigate the nature of their cell-surface interactions, monomeric and dimeric guanidinoglycosides were synthesized by using neomycin, paromomycin, and tobramycin as scaffolds. These transporters differ in the number and 3D arrangement of their guanidinium groups. Their cellular uptake was measured by flow cytometry in wild-type and mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells after the corresponding fluorescent streptavidin-phycoerythrin-Cy5 conjugates had been generated. All derivatives showed negligible uptake in mutant cells lacking heparan sulfate. Decreasing the number of guanidinium groups diminished uptake, but the three dimensional arrangement of these groups was less important for cellular delivery. Whereas conjugates prepared with the monomeric carriers showed significantly reduced uptake in mutant cells expressing heparan sulfate chains with altered patterns of sulfation, conjugates prepared with the dimeric guanidinoglycosides could overcome this deficiency and maintain high levels of uptake in such deficient cells. This finding suggests that cellular uptake depends on the valency of the transporter and both the content and arrangement of the sulfate groups on the cell-surface receptors. Competition studies with chemically desulfated or carboxy-reduced heparin derivatives corroborated these observations. Taken together, these findings show that increasing the valency of the transporters retains heparan sulfate specificity and provides reagents that could distinguish different cell types based on the specific composition of their cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Ohtake N, Niikura K, Suzuki T, Nagakawa K, Mikuni S, Matsuo Y, Kinjo M, Sawa H, Ijiro K. Low pH-Triggered Model Drug Molecule Release from Virus-Like Particles. Chembiochem 2010; 11:959-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Udit AK, Hackenberger CPR, O'Reilly MK. Chemically Tailored Multivalent Virus Platforms: From Drug Delivery to Catalysis. Chembiochem 2010; 11:481-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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