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Bernhardt E, Bernhardt-Pitchougina V, Jenne C. Reaction of the Tricyanoborate Dianion [B(CN)3]2–with HgCl2. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5465-5470. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bernhardt
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Vera Bernhardt-Pitchougina
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Anorganische Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Pietsch S, Neeve EC, Apperley DC, Bertermann R, Mo F, Qiu D, Cheung MS, Dang L, Wang J, Radius U, Lin Z, Kleeberg C, Marder TB. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Anionic sp2-sp3Diboron Compounds: Readily Accessible Boryl Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2015; 21:7082-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bertermann R, Braunschweig H, Dewhurst RD, Hörl C, Kramer T, Krummenacher I. Deutliche Belege für Ein-Elektronen-Übertragungen in der Boryl-Anionenchemie: Isolierung und Reaktivität eines neutralen Borolradikals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bertermann R, Braunschweig H, Dewhurst RD, Hörl C, Kramer T, Krummenacher I. Evidence for extensive single-electron-transfer chemistry in boryl anions: isolation and reactivity of a neutral borole radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5453-7. [PMID: 24719250 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the synthesis of a boryl anion by Yamashita et al. in 2006, compounds that show boron-centered nucleophilicity are still rare and sought-after synthetic goals. A number of such boryl anions have since been prepared, two of which were reported to react with methyl iodide in apparent nucleophilic substitution reactions. One of these, a borolyl anion based on the borole framework, has now been found to display single-electron-transfer (SET) reactivity in its reaction with triorganotetrel halides, which was confirmed by the isolation of the first neutral borole-based radical. The radical was characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and EPR spectroscopy, and has implications for the understanding of boron-based nucleophilic behavior and the emergent role of boron radicals in synthesis. This radical reactivity was also exploited in the synthesis of compounds with rare B-Sn and B-Pb bonds, the latter of which was the first isolated and structurally characterized compound with a "noncluster" B-Pb bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany) http://www-anorganik.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de/Braunschweig/
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Cid J, Carbó JJ, Fernández E. Disclosing the structure/activity correlation in trivalent boron-containing compounds: a tendency map. Chemistry 2012; 18:12794-802. [PMID: 22933449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most trivalent boron reagents are electrophiles owing to the vacancy for two electrons to fill the outer orbital of boron; however, interestingly, trivalent boron compounds can change their electrophilic character to a nucleophilic character by only changing the nature of the substituents on the boron atoms. With the help of computational tools, we have analyzed the structural- and electronic properties of boryl fragments that were either bonded to main-group metals or coordinated to transition-metals/rare-earth-metals and we have designed a map that might help to identify certain trends. This trend map will be useful for selecting an appropriate trivalent boron compound, depending on the sought reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cid
- Department Química Física i Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Gierz V, Melomedov J, Förster C, Deissler C, Rominger F, Kunz D, Heinze K. Consequences of the one-electron reduction and photoexcitation of unsymmetric bis-imidazolium salts. Chemistry 2012; 18:10677-88. [PMID: 22791514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of uronium salts with in situ generated N-heterocyclic carbenes provides straightforward access to symmetrical [4](2+) and unsymmetrical bis-imidazolium salts [6](2+) and [9](2+) . As indicated by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, [6](2+) and [9](2+) can be (irreversibly) reduced by one electron. The initially formed radicals [6](.+) and [9](.+) undergo further reactions, which were probed by EPR spectroscopy and density functional calculations. The final products of the two-electron reduction are the two carbenes. Upon irradiation with UV light both [6](2+) and [9](2+) emit at room temperature in solution but with dramatically different characteristics. The different fluorescence behavior is analyzed by emission spectroscopy and interpreted by using time-dependent density functional calculations as largely due to different excited-state dynamics of [6](2+) and [9](2+) . The geometries of both radicals [6](.+) and [9](.+) and excited states {[6](2+) }* and {[9](2+) }* are substantially different from those of the parent ground-state molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gierz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls-University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Nagura K, Saito S, Fröhlich R, Glorius F, Yamaguchi S. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes as Electron-Donating and Electron-Accepting Components of π-Conjugated Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7762-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nagura K, Saito S, Fröhlich R, Glorius F, Yamaguchi S. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes as Electron-Donating and Electron-Accepting Components of π-Conjugated Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Campbell PG, Marwitz AJV, Liu SY. Recent advances in azaborine chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6074-92. [PMID: 22644658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of organoboron compounds has been primarily dominated by their use as powerful reagents in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, the incorporation of boron as part of a functional target structure has emerged as a useful way to generate diversity in organic compounds. A commonly applied strategy is the replacement of a CC unit with its isoelectronic BN unit. In particular, the BN/CC isosterism of the ubiquitous arene motif has undergone a renaissance in the past decade. The parent molecule of the 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine family has now been isolated. New mono- and polycyclic B,N heterocycles have been synthesized for potential use in biomedical and materials science applications. This review is a tribute to Dewar's first synthesis of a monocyclic 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine 50 years ago and discusses recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of heterocycles that contain carbon, boron, and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
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Bernhardt E, Bernhardt-Pitchougina V, Willner H, Ignatiev N. “Umpolung” von Bor im [B(CN)4]− Anion durch Reduktion zum Dianion [B(CN)3]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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“Umpolung” at Boron by Reduction of [B(CN)4]− and Formation of the Dianion [B(CN)3]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12085-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Curran DP, Solovyev A, Makhlouf Brahmi M, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Synthesis and reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10294-317. [PMID: 21898724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Boranes are widely used Lewis acids and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are popular Lewis bases, so it is remarkable how little was known about their derived complexes until recently. NHC-boranes are typically readily accessible and many are so stable that they can be treated like organic compounds rather than complexes. They do not exhibit "borane chemistry", but instead are proving to have a rich chemistry of their own as reactants, as reagents, as initiators, and as catalysts. They have significant potential for use in organic synthesis and in polymer chemistry. They can be used to easily make unusual complexes with a broad spectrum of functional groups not usually seen in organoboron chemistry. Many of their reactions occur through new classes of reactive intermediates including borenium cations, boryl radicals, and even boryl anions. This Review provides comprehensive coverage of the synthesis, characterization, and reactions of NHC-boranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Curran DP, Solovyev A, Makhlouf Brahmi M, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Komplexe von N-heterocyclischen Carbenen mit Boranen: Synthese und Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bonet A, Pubill-Ulldemolins C, Bo C, Gulyás H, Fernández E. Transition-Metal-Free Diboration Reaction by Activation of Diboron Compounds with Simple Lewis Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7158-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bonet A, Pubill-Ulldemolins C, Bo C, Gulyás H, Fernández E. Transition-Metal-Free Diboration Reaction by Activation of Diboron Compounds with Simple Lewis Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Monot J, Solovyev A, Bonin-Dubarle H, Derat É, Curran DP, Robert M, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Generation and Reactions of an Unsubstituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Monot J, Solovyev A, Bonin-Dubarle H, Derat É, Curran DP, Robert M, Fensterbank L, Malacria M, Lacôte E. Generation and Reactions of an Unsubstituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9166-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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