1
|
Lan W, Liu D, Guo X, Liu A, Sun Q, Li X, Jing S, Li S. Study on Liquid–Liquid Droplet Flow Separation in a T-Shaped Microseparator. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Aixian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xingxun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shan Jing
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei XJ, Abdiaj I, Sambiagio C, Li C, Zysman-Colman E, Alcázar J, Noël T. Visible-Light-Promoted Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ) Kumada Cross-Coupling in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13030-13034. [PMID: 31210010 PMCID: PMC6771604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A continuous‐flow, visible‐light‐promoted method has been developed to overcome the limitations of iron‐catalyzed Kumada–Corriu cross‐coupling reactions. A variety of strongly electron rich aryl chlorides, previously hardly reactive, could be efficiently coupled with aliphatic Grignard reagents at room temperature in high yields and within a few minutes’ residence time, considerably enhancing the applicability of this iron‐catalyzed reaction. The robustness of this protocol was demonstrated on a multigram scale, thus providing the potential for future pharmaceutical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Irini Abdiaj
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Jannsen-Cilag, S.A., Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carlo Sambiagio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chenfei Li
- Organic Semiconductor Center, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Center, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Jannsen-Cilag, S.A., Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei X, Abdiaj I, Sambiagio C, Li C, Zysman‐Colman E, Alcázar J, Noël T. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp
2
)–C(sp
3
) Kumada Cross‐Coupling in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Irini Abdiaj
- Discovery Sciences Janssen Research and Development Jannsen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A 45007 Toledo Spain
| | - Carlo Sambiagio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Chenfei Li
- Organic Semiconductor Center EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Center EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Discovery Sciences Janssen Research and Development Jannsen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A 45007 Toledo Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma Y, Nikam AV, Kulkarni AA. Telescoped Sequence of Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions in Multistep Flow Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yachita Sharma
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Arun V. Nikam
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Amol A. Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma MK, Acharya RB, Shukla CA, Kulkarni AA. Assessing the possibilities of designing a unified multistep continuous flow synthesis platform. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1917-1936. [PMID: 30112097 PMCID: PMC6071694 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The multistep flow synthesis of complex molecules has gained momentum over the last few years. A wide range of reaction types and conditions have been integrated seamlessly on a single platform including in-line separation as well as monitoring. Beyond merely getting considered as 'flow version' of conventional 'one-pot synthesis', multistep flow synthesis has become the next generation tool for creating libraries of new molecules. Here we give a more 'engineering' look at the possibility of developing a 'unified multistep flow synthesis platform'. A detailed analysis of various scenarios is presented considering 4 different classes of drugs already reported in the literature. The possible complexities that an automated and controlled platform needs to handle are also discussed in detail. Three different design approaches are proposed: (i) one molecule at a time, (ii) many molecules at a time and (iii) cybernetic approach. Each approach would lead to the effortless integration of different synthesis stages and also at different synthesis scales. While one may expect such a platform to operate like a 'driverless car' or a 'robo chemist' or a 'transformer', in reality, such an envisaged system would be much more complex than these examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjay K Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Campus, Pune 411008, India
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Roopashri B Acharya
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Chinmay A Shukla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Campus, Pune 411008, India
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Amol A Kulkarni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Campus, Pune 411008, India
- Chem. Eng. & Proc. Dev. Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhaba Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jaman Z, Mufti A, Sah S, Avramova L, Thompson DH. High Throughput Experimentation and Continuous Flow Validation of Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:9546-9554. [PMID: 29920803 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Jaman
- Department of Chemistry, Bindley Bioscience Centre Purdue University 1203 W State St West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - Ahmed Mufti
- School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University 480 W Stadium Ave West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Samyukta Sah
- Department of Chemistry, Bindley Bioscience Centre Purdue University 1203 W State St West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - Larisa Avramova
- Department of Chemistry, Bindley Bioscience Centre Purdue University 1203 W State St West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| | - David H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Bindley Bioscience Centre Purdue University 1203 W State St West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Weeranoppanant N, Jensen KF. Characterization and Modeling of the Operating Curves of Membrane Microseparators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fukuyama M, Hibara A, Yoshida Y, Maeda K. Kinetic Switching of the Concentration/Separation Behavior of Microdroplets. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9279-9283. [PMID: 28745495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates that the solute concentration inside 100 micrometer-sized aqueous microdroplets can be controlled by adjusting the time required for the aqueous nanometer-sized droplets (nanodroplet) or reverse micelles to pass over the surface of the microdroplet. The kinetics of molecular transport between the microdroplets and the nanodroplets was investigated by utilizing a microdroplet array, and on the basis of these results, a control over the concentration selectivity of the contents of the microdroplet was achieved. This method is operationally simple and can be potentially applied as a pretreatment method for microanalytical systems that require high-density microdroplet arrays. This method can also be utilized for parallel small sample analyses such as single cell analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Fukuyama
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihide Hibara
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku Univesity , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yumi Yoshida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kohji Maeda
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology , 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo T, Ruan B, Liu Z, Jamal MA, Wen L, Chen J. Numerical and experimental investigations of liquid mixing in two-stage micro-impinging stream reactors. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Kim HJ, Choi J, Choe J, Song KH, Lee S. Alternating magnetic field mediated micro reaction system for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07324k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuous flow reaction system in which a palladium magnetic catalyst was immobilized and vibrated by an alternating induced magnetic field was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseop Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Choe
- LG Chem Research Park
- Daejeon 34122
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Song
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Zheng W, Ding L, Wang Y. Computational study on C–B homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies of organoboron compounds. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical study of three hybridized C–B BDEs with different substituents can provide corresponding guidance to experimental research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JiaoYang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - WenRui Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - LanLan Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - YingXing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Teci M, Tilley M, McGuire MA, Organ MG. Using Anilines as Masked Cross-Coupling Partners: Design of a Telescoped Three-Step Flow Diazotization, Iododediazotization, Cross-Coupling Process. Chemistry 2016; 22:17407-17415. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Teci
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Michael Tilley
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Michael A. McGuire
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Inc.; 709 Swedeland Rd. PO Box 1539 UMW 2810 King of Prussia PA 19406 USA
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation and Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peeva L, Da Silva Burgal J, Heckenast Z, Brazy F, Cazenave F, Livingston A. Continuous Consecutive Reactions with Inter-Reaction Solvent Exchange by Membrane Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Peeva
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Joao Da Silva Burgal
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Zsofia Heckenast
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Florine Brazy
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Florian Cazenave
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Andrew Livingston
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peeva L, Da Silva Burgal J, Heckenast Z, Brazy F, Cazenave F, Livingston A. Continuous Consecutive Reactions with Inter-Reaction Solvent Exchange by Membrane Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13576-13579. [PMID: 27669675 PMCID: PMC5113664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical production typically involves multiple reaction steps with separations between successive reactions. Two processes which complicate the transition from batch to continuous operation in multistep synthesis are solvent exchange (especially high‐boiling‐ to low‐boiling‐point solvent), and catalyst separation. Demonstrated here is membrane separation as an enabling platform for undertaking these processes during continuous operation. Two consecutive reactions are performed in different solvents, with catalyst separation and inter‐reaction solvent exchange achieved by continuous flow membrane units. A Heck coupling reaction is performed in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) in a continuous membrane reactor which retains the catalyst. The Heck reaction product undergoes solvent exchange in a counter‐current membrane system where DMF is continuously replaced by ethanol. After exchange the product dissolved in ethanol passes through a column packed with an iron catalyst, and undergoes reduction (>99 % yield).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Peeva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joao Da Silva Burgal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zsofia Heckenast
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Florine Brazy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Florian Cazenave
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Livingston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roesner S, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls by Negishi Cross-Coupling of Fluoro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted (Hetero)arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roesner
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roesner S, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls by Negishi Cross-Coupling of Fluoro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted (Hetero)arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10463-7. [PMID: 27456275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow method for the regioselective arylation of fluoroarenes and fluoropyridines has been developed. The telescoped procedure reported here consists of a three-step metalation, zincation, and Negishi cross-coupling sequence, providing efficient access to a variety of functionalized 2-fluorobiaryl products. Precise temperature control of the metalation step, made possible by continuous-flow technology, allowed for the efficient preparation of the arylated products in high yields and short residence times. Additionally, several examples of the regioselective arylation of benzotrifluoride derivatives are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roesner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bergami M, Protti S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Flow Metal-Free ArC Bond FormationviaPhotogenerated Phenyl Cations. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Miyagawa A, Tomita R, Kurimoto K, Yamamura H. Selective deprotection of trityl group on carbohydrate by microflow reaction inhibiting migration of acetyl group. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1156703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Dai W, Mi Y, Lv Y, Chen B, Li G, Chen G, Gao S. Development of a Continuous-Flow Microreactor for Asymmetric Sulfoxidation Using a Biomimetic Manganese Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
20
|
Yang JC, Niu D, Karsten BP, Lima F, Buchwald SL. Use of a “Catalytic” Cosolvent, N
,N
-Dimethyl Octanamide, Allows the Flow Synthesis of Imatinib with no Solvent Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bram P. Karsten
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Fabio Lima
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang JC, Niu D, Karsten BP, Lima F, Buchwald SL. Use of a "Catalytic" Cosolvent, N,N-Dimethyl Octanamide, Allows the Flow Synthesis of Imatinib with no Solvent Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2531-5. [PMID: 26756279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A general, efficient method for C-N cross-coupling has been developed using N,N-dimethyloctanamide as a catalytic cosolvent for biphasic continuous-flow applications. The described method was used to generate a variety of biarylamines and was integrated into a two-step sequence which converted phenols into biarylamines via either triflates or tosylates. Additionally, the method was applied to a three-step synthesis of imatinib, the API of Gleevec, in good yield without the need of solvent switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bram P Karsten
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fabio Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schröder F, Erdmann N, Noël T, Luque R, Van der Eycken EV. Leaching-Free Supported Gold Nanoparticles Catalyzing Cycloisomerizations under Microflow Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Li Chen
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ke-Jun Wu
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chao-Hong He
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stockinger S, Gmeiner J, Zawatzky K, Troendlin J, Trapp O. From stereodynamics to high-throughput screening of catalysed reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14301-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04892j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review we summarised recent developments in high-throughput kinetic monitoring of reactions including the dynamics of interconverting stereoisomers and the simultaneous combination of (catalysed) reactions with chemical analysis in on-column reaction chromatographic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Skrollan Stockinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Gmeiner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Zawatzky
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Troendlin
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Petersen TP, Mirsharghi S, Rummel PC, Thiele S, Rosenkilde MM, Ritzén A, Ulven T. Multistep Continuous-Flow Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry: Discovery and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationships of CCR8 Ligands. Chemistry 2013; 19:9343-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Li P, Moore JS, Jensen KF. A Microfluidic System for the Continuous Recycling of Unmodified Homogeneous Palladium Catalysts through Liquid/Liquid Phase Separation. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
27
|
Hessel V, Kralisch D, Kockmann N, Noël T, Wang Q. Novel process windows for enabling, accelerating, and uplifting flow chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:746-89. [PMID: 23606410 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel Process Windows make use of process conditions that are far from conventional practices. This involves the use of high temperatures, high pressures, high concentrations (solvent-free), new chemical transformations, explosive conditions, and process simplification and integration to boost synthetic chemistry on both the laboratory and production scale. Such harsh reaction conditions can be safely reached in microstructured reactors due to their excellent transport intensification properties. This Review discusses the different routes towards Novel Process Windows and provides several examples for each route grouped into different classes of chemical and process-design intensification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO BOX 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nagaki A, Uesugi Y, Kim H, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl Fluorides Using Organolithium Reagents in Flow Microreactors. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:705-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
29
|
de M. Muñoz J, Alcázar J, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz A. Cross-Coupling in Flow using Supported Catalysts: Mild, Clean, Efficient and Sustainable Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling in a Single Pass. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
Varas AC, Noël T, Wang Q, Hessel V. Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions in microflow: catalyst activity, high-T operation, and an integrated continuous copper scavenging unit. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:1703-1707. [PMID: 22753337 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AVOIDING THE COPPERS: A continuous-flow synthesis for the Cu(I) -catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction using [Cu(phenanthroline)(PPh₃)₂]NO₃ as a homogeneous catalyst is developed (up to 92 % isolated yield). Elevated temperatures allow achieving full conversions and using lower catalyst loadings. Residual copper in the triazole compound is efficiently removed via an inline extraction process, employing aqueous EDTA as a copper scavenger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Carlos Varas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nagaki A, Takabayashi N, Moriwaki Y, Yoshida JI. Flash Generation of a Highly Reactive Pd Catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling by Using a Flow Microreactor. Chemistry 2012; 18:11871-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
32
|
Zak J, Ron D, Riva E, Harding HP, Cross BCS, Baxendale IR. Establishing a flow process to coumarin-8-carbaldehydes as important synthetic scaffolds. Chemistry 2012; 18:9901-10. [PMID: 22782929 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite their usefulness as fluorophores and synthetic precursors, efficient and reliable routes to coumarin-8-carbaldehydes are lacking. We describe here a high-yielding continuous flow synthesis that requires no manual intermediate purification or work-up, giving access to multigram quantities of the aldehyde product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
O'Brien AG, Horváth Z, Lévesque F, Lee JW, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Seeberger PH. Continuous Synthesis and Purification by Direct Coupling of a Flow Reactor with Simulated Moving-Bed Chromatography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7028-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
O'Brien AG, Horváth Z, Lévesque F, Lee JW, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Seeberger PH. Kontinuierliche Synthese und Aufreinigung durch direkte Kopplung eines Durchflussreaktors mit “Simulated-Moving-Bed”- Chromatographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
35
|
Rossi R, Bellina F, Lessi M. Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions of Polyhalogenated Heteroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
36
|
Shu W, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective β-Arylation of Ketones Enabled by Lithiation/Borylation/1,4-Addition Sequence Under Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5355-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
Shu W, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective β-Arylation of Ketones Enabled by Lithiation/Borylation/1,4-Addition Sequence Under Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
38
|
Li Z, Jiang YY, Fu Y. Theoretical study on the mechanism of Ni-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl Suzuki cross-coupling. Chemistry 2012; 18:4345-57. [PMID: 22374716 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of unactivated secondary alkyl halides with alkylboranes provides an efficient way to construct alkyl-alkyl bonds. The mechanism of this reaction with the Ni/L1 (L1=trans-N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine) system was examined for the first time by using theoretical calculations. The feasible mechanism was found to involve a Ni(I)-Ni(III) catalytic cycle with three main steps: transmetalation of [Ni(I)(L1)X] (X=Cl, Br) with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN)R(1) to produce [Ni(I)(L1)(R(1))], oxidative addition of R(2) X with [Ni(I)(L1)(R(1))] to produce [Ni(III)(L1)(R(1))(R(2))X] through a radical pathway, and C-C reductive elimination to generate the product and [Ni(I)(L1)X]. The transmetalation step is rate-determining for both primary and secondary alkyl bromides. KOiBu decreases the activation barrier of the transmetalation step by forming a potassium alkyl boronate salt with alkyl borane. Tertiary alkyl halides are not reactive because the activation barrier of reductive elimination is too high (+34.7 kcal mol(-1)). On the other hand, the cross-coupling of alkyl chlorides can be catalyzed by Ni/L2 (L2=trans-N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine) because the activation barrier of transmetalation with L2 is lower than that with L1. Importantly, the Ni(0)-Ni(II) catalytic cycle is not favored in the present systems because reductive elimination from both singlet and triplet [Ni(II)(L1)(R(1))(R(2))] is very difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohla S, Beyreiss R, Fritzsche S, Glaser P, Nagl S, Stockhausen K, Schneider C, Belder D. Monitoring On-Chip Pictet-Spengler Reactions by Integrated Analytical Separation and Label-Free Time-Resolved Fluorescence. Chemistry 2011; 18:1240-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Shu W, Pellegatti L, Oberli MA, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls Enabled by Multistep Solid-Handling in a Lithiation/Borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
41
|
Shu W, Pellegatti L, Oberli MA, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls Enabled by Multistep Solid-Handling in a Lithiation/Borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10665-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
42
|
Noël T, Maimone TJ, Buchwald SL. Accelerating palladium-catalyzed C-F bond formation: use of a microflow packed-bed reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8900-3. [PMID: 21837710 PMCID: PMC3339491 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A flow process for Pd-catalyzed carbon fluorine bond formation is described. A microreactor using a packed-bed design allows for easy handling of large quantities of insoluble CsF with precise control over reaction times, efficient mixing, and the ability to safely handle elevated temperatures and pressures. A variety of aryl triflates, including heteroaryl ones, were converted to their corresponding aryl fluoride in short reaction times that would be difficult to achieve in a typical batch process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Noël T, Maimone TJ, Buchwald SL. Accelerating Palladium-Catalyzed CF Bond Formation: Use of a Microflow Packed-Bed Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
44
|
Shu W, Buchwald SL. Use of precatalysts greatly facilitate palladium-catalyzed alkynylations in batch and continuous-flow conditions. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|