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Pöcheim A, Özpınar GA, Müller T, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. The Combination of Cross-Hyperconjugation and σ-Conjugation in 2,5-Oligosilanyl Substituted Siloles. Chemistry 2020; 26:17252-17260. [PMID: 32716090 PMCID: PMC8051206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of a 2,5-dilithiated silole with excess dichlorodimethylsilane gives the respective 2,5-bis(chlorodimethylsilyl) substituted silole. This compound can be converted to 2,5-bis(oligosilanyl) substituted siloles by addition of a suitable oligosilanide. In the UV spectra of the thus obtained compounds the lowest energy absorptions are bathochromically shifted compared to the absorptions of the two constituents, namely the 2,5-disilyl substituted silole and a trisilane. The bathochromic shift is interpreted as being caused by a mixed σ-conjugation/cross-hyperconjugation. This assumption is supported by TD-DFT calculations, which show a significant contribution from Si-Si bonds to the HOMO of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pöcheim
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieTechnische Universität Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Gül Altınbaş Özpınar
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany, European Union
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieTechnische Universität Graz8010GrazAustria
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Zhao Y, Xie Q, Sun T, Wu J, Zhu J. Predicting an Antiaromatic Benzene Ring in the Ground State Caused by Hyperconjugation. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4309-4314. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Qiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jiashun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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Tanimoto H, Mori J, Ito S, Nishiyama Y, Morimoto T, Tanaka K, Chujo Y, Kakiuchi K. Arene-Inserted Extended Germa[n]pericyclynes: Synthesis, Structure, and Phosphorescence Properties. Chemistry 2017; 23:10080-10086. [PMID: 28422338 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and characterization of arene-inserted extended (ArEx) germa[n]pericyclynes composed of germanium and 1,4-diethynylbenzene units. These novel cyclic germanium-π unit materials were synthesized with diethynylbenzene and germanium dichloride. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed their structures, and the planar conformation of ArEx germa[4]pericyclyne along with the regular aromatic rings. UV/Vis absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra showed considerably unique and highly improved character compared to previously reported germa[n]pericyclynes. Even in the absence of transition metal components, phosphorescence emissions were observed, and the emission lifetimes were dramatically improved. ArEx germa[n]pericyclynes showed high photoluminescence quantum yields, whereas low photoluminescence quantum yields were observed for acyclic compounds. Density functional theory calculations show delocalized orbitals between skipped alkyne units through a germanium tether, and an increase in the HOMO energy level, leading to a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Junta Mori
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Morimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Molecular orbital analysis of the hydrogen bonded water dimer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22099. [PMID: 26905305 PMCID: PMC4764947 DOI: 10.1038/srep22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential interaction in nature, hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in many material formations and biological processes, requiring deeper understanding. Here, using density functional theory and post-Hartree-Fock methods, we reveal two hydrogen bonding molecular orbitals crossing the hydrogen-bond’s O and H atoms in the water dimer. Energy decomposition analysis also shows a non-negligible contribution of the induction term. Our finding sheds light on the essential understanding of hydrogen bonding in ice, liquid water, functional materials and biological systems.
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Uhl W, Pelties S, Tannert J, Ravoo BJ, Würthwein EU. Germacyclobutenes: generation by 1,1-carbalumination or 1,1-carbagallation and their photophysical properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:2629-37. [PMID: 25522339 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium- and gallium-functionalised alkenylalkynylgermanes, R(1) 2 Ge(C≡C-R(2) )[C{E(CMe3 )2 }=C(H)-R(2) ] (E=Al, Ga), exhibit a close contact between the coordinatively unsaturated Al or Ga atoms and the α-C atoms of the intact ethynyl groups. These interactions activate the Ge-C(alkynyl) bonds and favour the thermally induced insertion of these C atoms into the E-C(vinyl) bonds by means of 1,1-carbalumination or 1,1-carbagallation reactions. For the first time the latter method was shown to be a powerful alternative to known metallation processes. Germacyclobutenes with an unsaturated GeC3 heterocycle and endo- and exocyclic C=C bonds resulted from concomitant Ge-C bond formation to the β-C atoms of the alkynyl groups. These heterocyclic compounds show an interesting photoluminescence behaviour with Stokes shifts of >110 nm. The fascinating properties are based on extended π-delocalisation including σ*-orbitals localised at Ge and Al. High-level quantum chemical DFT and TD-DFT calculations for an Al compound were applied to elucidate their absorption and emission properties. They revealed a biradical excited state with the transfer of a π-electron into the empty p-orbital at Al and a pyramidalisation of the metal atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster (Germany), Fax: (+49) 251-8336660.
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Jorner K, Emanuelsson R, Dahlstrand C, Tong H, Denisova AV, Ottosson H. Impact of Ground- and Excited-State Aromaticity on Cyclopentadiene and Silole Excitation Energies and Excited-State Polarities. Chemistry 2014; 20:9295-303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Emanuelsson R, Löfås H, Wallner A, Nauroozi D, Baumgartner J, Marschner C, Ahuja R, Ott S, Grigoriev A, Ottosson H. Configuration- and Conformation-Dependent Electronic-Structure Variations in 1,4-Disubstituted Cyclohexanes Enabled by a Carbon-to-Silicon Exchange. Chemistry 2014; 20:9304-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arkhypchuk AI, Orthaber A, Ott S. Tuning the Optical Properties of 1,1′‐Biphospholes by Chemical Alterations of the P–P Bridge. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201301376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden, http://www.kemi.uu.se/Research/principal‐investigators/sascha‐ott/
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden, http://www.kemi.uu.se/Research/principal‐investigators/sascha‐ott/
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden, http://www.kemi.uu.se/Research/principal‐investigators/sascha‐ott/
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Chrostowska A, Dargelos A, Baylère P, Graciaa A, Inagaki Y, Nakamoto M, Lee VY, Sekiguchi A. UV-Photoelectron Spectroscopy of a Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedrane and Its Pentafluorophenyl Derivative. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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