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Pati SK, Patra D, Muduli S, Mishra S, Park S. Energy Storage Application of Conducting Polymers Featuring Dual Acceptors: Exploring Conjugation and Flexible Chain Length Effects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300689. [PMID: 36950756 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable conducting polymers (CPs) are a compelling alternative to inorganic counterparts because of their potential for tuning chemical properties and creating flexible organic electronics. CPs, which typically comprise either only an electron donor (D) or its alternative combinations with an electron acceptor (A), exhibit charge transfer behavior between the units, resulting in an electrical conductivity suitable for utilization in electronic devices and for energy storage applications. However, the energy storage behavior of CPs with a sequence of electron acceptors (A-A), has rarely been investigated, despite their promising lower band gap and higher charge carrier mobility. Utilizing the aforesaid concept herein, four CPs featuring benzodithiophenedione (BDD), and diketopyrrolepyrrole (DPP) are synthesized. Among them, the BDDTH-DPPEH polymer exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 126.5 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 in an organic electrolyte over a wide potential window of -0.6-1.4 V. Notably, the supercapacitor properties of the polymeric electrode materials improved with increasing conjugation length by adding thiophene donor units and shortening the alkyl chain lengths. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor device fabricated using BDDTH-DPPEH exhibited a high-power density of 4000 W kg-1 and an energy density of 31.66 Wh kg-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir K Pati
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjaya Patra
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Muduli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sungjune Park
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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2
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Grobelny A, Lorenc K, Skowron Ł, Zapotoczny S. Synthetic Route to Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Polymer Brushes via Alternating Copolymerization of Bifunctional Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132735. [PMID: 35808780 PMCID: PMC9268968 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternating donor–acceptor conjugated polymers, widely investigated due to their applications in organic photovoltaics, are obtained mainly by cross-coupling reactions. Such a synthetic route exhibits limited efficiency and requires using, for example, toxic palladium catalysts. Furthermore, the coating process demands solubility of the macromolecules, provided by the introduction of alkyl side chains, which have an impact on the properties of the final material. Here, we present the synthetic route to ladder-like donor–acceptor polymer brushes using alternating copolymerization of modified styrene and maleic anhydride monomers, ensuring proper arrangement of the pendant donor and acceptor groups along the polymer chains grafted from a surface. As a proof of concept, macromolecules with pendant thiophene and benzothiadiazole groups were grafted by means of RAFT and metal-free ATRP polymerizations. Densely packed brushes with a thickness up to 200 nm were obtained in a single polymerization process, without the necessity of using metal-based catalysts or bulky substituents of the monomers. Oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 was then applied to form the conjugated chains in a double-stranded (ladder-like) architecture.
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3
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Jin P, Tian F, Han Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Xiao J. Dimesitylboryl-Decorated Azaarene: Synthesis, Enhanced Stability and Optoelectronic Property. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4395-4399. [PMID: 31709746 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The instability of large acenes and analogues usually limits their wide potentials in organic devices. Thus, effectively constructing large acenes or heteroacenes and examining their optoelectronic properties are of great interest. We herein describe the synthesis, optoelectronic behaviors and electroluminescent property of dimesitylboryl-decorated azaarene 5 and its homologue 7. The former emits strong green fluorescence in non-polar solvents but yellow light in polar solvents. The latter emits a blue light in various organic solvents. Moreover, their electrochemical behavior, photostability and electroluminescent property were further studied in a comparative manner, and the experimental findings suggest that the desired heteroarenes are appealing materials for fabricating electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Feng Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jinchong Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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4
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Schierl C, Alex W, Mateo LM, Ballesteros B, Shimizu D, Osuka A, Torres T, Guldi DM, Bottari G. Quadrupolar Cyclopenta[
hi
]aceanthrylene‐Based Electron Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Conjugates: Charge Transfer versus Charge Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schierl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Wiebke Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Luis M. Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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5
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Schierl C, Alex W, Mateo LM, Ballesteros B, Shimizu D, Osuka A, Torres T, Guldi DM, Bottari G. Quadrupolar Cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylene-Based Electron Donor-Acceptor-Donor Conjugates: Charge Transfer versus Charge Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14644-14652. [PMID: 31381224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylenes (CPAs) have been functionalized at two of the peripheral positions with electronically inert trimethylsilylethynyl (1), as well as with electron-donating 4-ethynyl-N,N-dimethylaniline (2), ethynyl ZnII phthalocyanine (3), and ethynyl ZnII porphyrin (4) units. Consistent with X-ray crystal structures of 2 and 4, analyses of absorption and fluorescence of 2-4 point to strong electronic communication between the CPA and the peripheral units, affording quadrupolar electron donor-acceptor-donor charge-transfer conjugates. By virtue of their quadrupolar/dipolar charge-transfer characters in the excited state, 2-4 exhibit fluoro-solvatochromism. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed delocalized quadrupolar ground states and formation of weakly solvent stabilized quadrupolar singlet excited states. The latter transform into strongly stabilized dipolar excited states before deactivating to the ground state in 2 and give rise to a fully charge separated state in 3 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schierl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis M Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bottari
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Kotipalli T, Hou D. Synthesis of 3‐Bromoindenes from 4‐Alkynyl Alcohols/Sulfonamides and Aldehydes via Prins Cyclization, Ring‐Opening and Friedel‐Crafts Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trimurtulu Kotipalli
- Department of ChemistryNational Central University Jhong-Li City Taoyuan Taiwan 32001
| | - Duen‐Ren Hou
- Department of ChemistryNational Central University Jhong-Li City Taoyuan Taiwan 32001
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7
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Wombacher T, Gassmann A, Foro S, von Seggern H, Schneider JJ. Structural Polymorphism and Thin Film Transistor Behavior in the Fullerene Framework Molecule 5,6;11,12‐di‐
o
‐Phenylenetetracene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andrea Gassmann
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Strukturforschung Germany
| | - Heinz von Seggern
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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8
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Wombacher T, Gassmann A, Foro S, von Seggern H, Schneider JJ. Structural Polymorphism and Thin Film Transistor Behavior in the Fullerene Framework Molecule 5,6;11,12‐di‐
o
‐Phenylenetetracene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6041-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andrea Gassmann
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Strukturforschung Germany
| | - Heinz von Seggern
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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9
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Bheemireddy SR, Ubaldo PC, Rose PW, Finke AD, Zhuang J, Wang L, Plunkett KN. Stabilizing Pentacene By Cyclopentannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15762-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasiva R. Bheemireddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Pamela C. Ubaldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Peter W. Rose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Aaron D. Finke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI (Switzerland)
| | - Junpeng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Lichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
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10
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Bheemireddy SR, Ubaldo PC, Rose PW, Finke AD, Zhuang J, Wang L, Plunkett KN. Stabilizing Pentacene By Cyclopentannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasiva R. Bheemireddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Pamela C. Ubaldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Peter W. Rose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Aaron D. Finke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI (Switzerland)
| | - Junpeng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Lichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 (USA)
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11
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Dou C, Ding Z, Zhang Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. Developing Conjugated Polymers with High Electron Affinity by Replacing a CC Unit with a B←N Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3648-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Dou C, Ding Z, Zhang Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. Developing Conjugated Polymers with High Electron Affinity by Replacing a CC Unit with a B←N Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Yang X, Liu D, Miao Q. Heptagon-Embedded Pentacene: Synthesis, Structures, and Thin-Film Transistors of Dibenzo[d,d′]benzo[1,2-a:4,5-a′]dicycloheptenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6786-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Yang X, Liu D, Miao Q. Heptagon-Embedded Pentacene: Synthesis, Structures, and Thin-Film Transistors of Dibenzo[d,d′]benzo[1,2-a:4,5-a′]dicycloheptenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Chiu CY, Wang H, Brunetti FG, Wudl F, Hawker CJ. Twisted but Conjugated: Building Blocks for Low Bandgap Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3996-4000. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Bandgap Engineering through Controlled Oxidation of Polythiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Bandgap engineering through controlled oxidation of polythiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1832-6. [PMID: 24505004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of Rozen's reagent (HOF⋅CH3 CN) to convert polythiophenes to polymers containing thiophene-1,1-dioxide (TDO) is described. The oxidation of polythiophenes can be controlled with this potent, yet orthogonal reagent under mild conditions. The oxidation of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) proceeds at room temperature in a matter of minutes, introducing up to 60 % TDO moieties in the polymer backbone. The resulting polymers have a markedly low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), consequently exhibiting a small bandgap. This approach demonstrates that modulating the backbone electronic structure of well-defined polymers, rather than varying the monomers, is an efficient means of tuning the electronic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3124, New York, NY 10027 (USA) http://camposgroup.chem.columbia.edu
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