1
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Akin Kara D, Burnett EK, Kara K, Usluer O, Cherniawski BP, Barron EJ, Gultekin B, Kus M, Briseno AL. Rubrene single crystal solar cells and the effect of crystallinity on interfacial recombination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10869-10876. [PMID: 35450982 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal studies provide a better understanding of the basic properties of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, in this work, rubrene single crystals with a thickness of 250 nm to 1000 nm were used to produce an inverted bilayer organic solar cell. Subsequently, polycrystalline rubrene (orthorhombic, triclinic) and amorphous bilayer solar cells of the same thickness as single crystals were studied to make comparisons across platforms. To investigate how single crystal, polycrystalline (triclinic-orthorhombic) and amorphous forms alter the charge carrier recombination mechanism at the rubrene/PCBM interface, light intensity measurements were carried out. The light intensity dependency of the JSC, VOC and FF parameters in organic solar cells with different forms of rubrene was determined. Monomolecular (Shockley Read Hall) recombination is observed in devices employing amorphous and polycrystalline rubrene in addition to bimolecular recombination, whereas the single crystal device is weakly affected by trap assisted SRH recombination due to reduced trap states at the donor acceptor interface. To date, the proposed work is the only systematic study examining transport and interface recombination mechanisms in organic solar cells produced by different structure forms of rubrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Akin Kara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Koray Kara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Izmir Graphene Application and Research Center, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Usluer
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin P Cherniawski
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Edward J Barron
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Burak Gultekin
- Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, 42000, Konya, Turkey
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Office, China Lake, California 93555, USA
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2
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Reecht G, Krane N, Lotze C, Zhang L, Briseno AL, Franke KJ. Vibrational Excitation Mechanism in Tunneling Spectroscopy beyond the Franck-Condon Model. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:116804. [PMID: 32242680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.116804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vibronic spectra of molecules are typically described within the Franck-Condon model. Here, we show that highly resolved vibronic spectra of large organic molecules on a single layer of MoS_{2} on Au(111) show spatial variations in their intensities, which cannot be captured within this picture. We explain that vibrationally mediated perturbations of the molecular wave functions need to be included into the Franck-Condon model. Our simple model calculations reproduce the experimental spectra at arbitrary position of the scanning tunneling microscope's tip over the molecule in great detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Reecht
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Krane
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Lotze
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Katharina J Franke
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Ly J, Martin K, Thomas S, Yamashita M, Yu B, Pointer CA, Yamada H, Carter KR, Parkin S, Zhang L, Bredas JL, Young ER, Briseno AL. Corrections to “Short Excited-State Lifetimes Enable Photo-Oxidatively Stable Rubrene Derivatives”. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Choi HH, Yi HT, Tsurumi J, Kim JJ, Briseno AL, Watanabe S, Takeya J, Cho K, Podzorov V. A Large Anisotropic Enhancement of the Charge Carrier Mobility of Flexible Organic Transistors with Strain: A Hall Effect and Raman Study. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1901824. [PMID: 31921560 PMCID: PMC6947506 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the intrinsic mobility-strain relationship in semiconductors is critical for enabling strain engineering applications in high-performance flexible electronics. Here, measurements of Hall effect and Raman spectra of an organic semiconductor as a function of uniaxial mechanical strain are reported. This study reveals a very strong, anisotropic, and reversible modulation of the intrinsic (trap-free) charge carrier mobility of single-crystal rubrene transistors with strain, showing that the effective mobility of organic circuits can be enhanced by up to 100% with only 1% of compressive strain. Consistently, Raman spectroscopy reveals a systematic shift of the low-frequency Raman modes of rubrene to higher (lower) frequencies with compressive (tensile) strain, which is indicative of a reduction (enhancement) of thermal molecular disorder in the crystal with strain. This study lays the foundation of the strain engineering in organic electronics and advances the knowledge of the relationship between the carrier mobility, low-frequency vibrational modes, strain, and molecular disorder in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of PhysicsRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research InstituteGyeongsang National UniversityJinju52828Korea
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Department of PhysicsRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Junto Tsurumi
- International Center of Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)The University of Tokyo Advanced Operando‐Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO‐OIL)AIST, 5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA01003USA
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA01003USA
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16803USA
| | - Shun Watanabe
- International Center of Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)The University of Tokyo Advanced Operando‐Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO‐OIL)AIST, 5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- International Center of Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials ScienceGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)The University of Tokyo Advanced Operando‐Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO‐OIL)AIST, 5‐1‐5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba277‐8561Japan
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Center for Advanced Soft Electronics and Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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5
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Ly J, Martin K, Thomas S, Yamashita M, Yu B, Pointer CA, Yamada H, Carter KR, Parkin S, Zhang L, Bredas JL, Young ER, Briseno AL. Short Excited-State Lifetimes Enable Photo-Oxidatively Stable Rubrene Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7558-7566. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ly
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kara Martin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Simil Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Laboratory for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Beihang Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Craig A. Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kenneth R. Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- College of Energy, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Laboratory for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth R. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
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6
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Zhou Y, Uzun SD, Watkins NJ, Li S, Li W, Briseno AL, Carter KR, Watkins JJ. Three-Dimensional CeO 2 Woodpile Nanostructures To Enhance Performance of Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:1821-1828. [PMID: 30582789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of detection elements with ultrahigh surface area is essential for improving the sensitivity of analyte detection. Here, we report a direct patterning technique to fabricate three-dimensional CeO2 nanoelectrode arrays for biosensor application over relatively large areas. The fabrication approach, which employs nanoimprint lithography and a CeO2 nanoparticle-based ink, enables the direct, high-throughput patterning of nanostructures and is scalable, integrable, and of low cost. With the convenience of sequential imprinting, multilayered woodpile nanostructures with prescribed numbers of layers were achieved in a "stacked-up" architecture and were successfully fabricated over large areas. To demonstrate application as a biosensor, an enzymatic glucose sensor was developed. The sensitivity of glucose sensors can be enhanced simply by increasing the number of layers, which multiplies surface area while maintaining a constant footprint. The four-layer woodpile nanostructure of CeO2 glucose sensor exhibited enhanced sensitivity (42.8 μA mM-1 cm-2) and good selectivity. This direct imprinting strategy for three-dimensional sensing architectures is potentially extendable to other electroactive materials and other sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Sema Demirci Uzun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Nicholas J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Shengkai Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Kenneth R Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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7
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Krane N, Lotze C, Reecht G, Zhang L, Briseno AL, Franke KJ. High-Resolution Vibronic Spectra of Molecules on Molybdenum Disulfide Allow for Rotamer Identification. ACS Nano 2018; 12:11698-11703. [PMID: 30380829 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling spectroscopy is an important tool for the chemical identification of single molecules on surfaces. Here, we show that oligothiophene-based large organic molecules which only differ by single bond orientations can be distinguished by their vibronic fingerprint. These molecules were deposited on a monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on top of a Au(111) substrate. MoS2 features an electronic band gap for efficient decoupling of the molecular states. Furthermore, it exhibits a small electron-phonon coupling strength. Both of these material properties allow for the resolution of vibronic states in the range of the limit set by temperature broadening in our scanning tunneling microscope at 4.6 K. Using DFT calculations of the molecule in gas phase provides all details for an accurate simulation of the vibronic spectra of both rotamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Krane
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian Lotze
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gaël Reecht
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Katharina J Franke
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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8
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Ly JT, Burnett EK, Thomas S, Aljarb A, Liu Y, Park S, Rosa S, Yi Y, Lee H, Emrick T, Russell TP, Brédas JL, Briseno AL. Efficient Electron Mobility in an All-Acceptor Napthalenediimide-Bithiazole Polymer Semiconductor with Large Backbone Torsion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40070-40077. [PMID: 30379059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An all-acceptor napthalenediimide-bithiazole-based co-polymer, P(NDI2OD-BiTz), was synthesized and characterized for application in thin-film transistors. Density functional theory calculations point to an optimal perpendicular dihedral angle of 90° between acceptor units along isolated polymer chains; yet optimized transistors yield electron mobility of 0.11 cm2/(V s) with the use of a zwitterionic naphthalene diimide interlayer. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements of annealed films reveal that P(NDI2OD-BiTz) adopts a highly ordered edge-on orientation, exactly opposite to similar bithiophene analogs. This report highlights an NDI and thiazole all-acceptor polymer and demonstrates high electron mobility despite its nonplanar backbone conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Ly
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Simil Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE) , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
| | - Areej Aljarb
- Laboratory for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Soohyung Park
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Rosa
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics , Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE) , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
- Laboratory for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16803 , United States
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9
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Akın Kara D, Kara K, Oylumluoglu G, Yigit MZ, Can M, Kim JJ, Burnett EK, Gonzalez Arellano DL, Buyukcelebi S, Ozel F, Usluer O, Briseno AL, Kus M. Enhanced Device Efficiency and Long-Term Stability via Boronic Acid-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer Modification of Indium Tin Oxide in a Planar Perovskite Solar Cell. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:30000-30007. [PMID: 30088757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial engineering is essential for the development of highly efficient and stable solar cells through minimizing energetic losses at interfaces. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been shown as a handle to tune the work function (WF) of indium tin oxide (ITO), improving photovoltaic cell performance and device stability. In this study, we utilize a new class of boronic acid-based fluorine-terminated SAMs to modify ITO surfaces in planar perovskite solar cells. The SAM treatment demonstrates an increase of the WF of ITO, an enhancement of the short-circuit current, and a passivation of trap states at the ITO/[poly(3,4ethylenedioxylenethiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid)] interface. Device stability improves upon SAM modification, with efficiency decreasing only 20% after one month. Our work highlights a simple treatment route to achieve hysteresis-free, reproducible, stable, and highly efficient (16%) planar perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Akın Kara
- Department of Physics , Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University , 48000 Mugla , Turkey
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | | | - Gorkem Oylumluoglu
- Department of Physics , Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University , 48000 Mugla , Turkey
| | | | | | - Jae Joon Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | | | - Faruk Ozel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University , 70200 Karaman , Turkey
| | - Ozlem Usluer
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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10
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Kim JJ, Bachevillier S, Arellano DLG, Cherniawski BP, Burnett EK, Stingelin N, Ayela C, Usluer Ö, Mannsfeld SCB, Wantz G, Briseno AL. Correlating Crystal Thickness, Surface Morphology, and Charge Transport in Pristine and Doped Rubrene Single Crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:26745-26751. [PMID: 29999309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between charge transport and surface morphology is investigated by utilizing rubrene single crystals of varying thicknesses. In the case of pristine crystals, the surface conductivities decrease exponentially as the crystal thickness increases until ∼4 μm, beyond which the surface conductivity saturates. Investigation of the surface morphology using optical and atomic force microscopy reveals that thicker crystals have a higher number of molecular steps, increasing the overall surface roughness compared with thin crystals. The density of molecular steps as a surface trap is further quantified with the subthreshold slope of rubrene air-gap transistors. This thickness-dependent surface conductivity is rationalized by a shift from in-plane to out-of-plane transport governed by surface roughness. The surface transport is disrupted by roughening of the crystal surface and becomes limited by the slower vertical crystallographic axis on molecular step edges. Separately, we investigate surface-doping of rubrene crystals by using fluoroalkyltrichrolosilane and observe a different mechanism for charge transport which is independent of surface roughness. This work demonstrates that the correlation between crystal thickness, surface morphology, and charge transport must be taken into account when measuring organic single crystals. Considering the fact that these molecular steps are universally observed on organic/inorganic and single/polycrystals, we believe that our findings can be widely applied to improve charge transport understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Joon Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | | | - D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Benjamin P Cherniawski
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymeres Organiques (LCPO) , University of Bordeaux , 33615 Pessac Cedex , France
| | - Cédric Ayela
- IMS Laboratory , University of Bordeaux , F-33400 Talence , France
| | - Özlem Usluer
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering , Necmettin Erbakan University , 42140 Konya , Turkey
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , Dresden University of Technology , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- IMS Laboratory , University of Bordeaux , F-33400 Talence , France
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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11
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Gonzalez Arellano DL, Kolewe KW, Champagne VK, Kurtz IS, Burnett EK, Zakashansky JA, Arisoy FD, Briseno AL, Schiffman JD. Gecko-Inspired Biocidal Organic Nanocrystals Initiated from a Pencil-Drawn Graphite Template. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11618. [PMID: 30072812 PMCID: PMC6072760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocidal properties of gecko skin and cicada wings have inspired the synthesis of synthetic surfaces decorated with high aspect ratio nanostructures that inactivate microorganisms. Here, we investigate the bactericidal activity of oriented zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) nanopillars grown using a simple pencil-drawn graphite templating technique. By varying the evaporation time, nanopillars initiated from graphite that was scribbled using a pencil onto silicon substrates were optimized to yield a high inactivation of the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli. We next adapted the procedure so that analogous nanopillars could be grown from pencil-drawn graphite scribbled onto stainless steel, flexible polyimide foil, and glass substrates. Time-dependent bacterial cytotoxicity studies indicate that the oriented nanopillars grown on all four substrates inactivated up to 97% of the E. coli quickly, in 15 min or less. These results suggest that organic nanostructures, which can be easily grown on a broad range of substrates hold potential as a new class of biocidal surfaces that kill microbes quickly and potentially, without spreading antibiotic-resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Gonzalez Arellano
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Kristopher W Kolewe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Victor K Champagne
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Irene S Kurtz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Julia A Zakashansky
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Feyza Dundar Arisoy
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003-9303, USA.
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12
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Gonzalez Arellano DL, Burnett EK, Demirci Uzun S, Zakashansky JA, Champagne VK, George M, Mannsfeld SCB, Briseno AL. Phase Transition of Graphene-Templated Vertical Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanopillars. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8185-8191. [PMID: 29878762 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on the graphene-assisted growth, crystallization, and phase transition of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) vertically oriented single crystal nanopillars. Postcrystallization thermal annealing of the nanostructures results in a molecular packing change while maintaining the vertical orientation of the single crystals orthogonal to the underlying substrate. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM studies characterized this phase transition from a metastable crystal phase to the more stable β-phase commonly observed in bulk crystals. These vertical arrays of crystalline nanopillars exhibit a high-surface-to-volume ratio, which is advantageous for applications such as gas sensors. We fabricated chemiresistor sensors with ZnPc nanopillars grown on graphene and demonstrated its selectivity for ammonia vapors, and improvement in sensitivity in the β-phase crystal packing pillars due to their molecular orientation increasing the exposure of the Zn2+ ion to the ammonia analyte. This work highlights the first morphology-retentive phase transition in organic single crystal nanopillars through simple postprocessing thermal annealing. This study opens up the possibility of molecular packing control without large variations in morphology, a necessity for high-performance devices and establishing structure-property relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Sema Demirci Uzun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Julia A Zakashansky
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Victor K Champagne
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Michelle George
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advanced Electronics Dresden , Dresden University of Technology , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16803 , United States
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13
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Naik AR, Kim JJ, Usluer Ö, Gonzalez Arellano DL, Secor EB, Facchetti A, Hersam MC, Briseno AL, Watkins JJ. Direct Printing of Graphene Electrodes for High-Performance Organic Inverters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15988-15995. [PMID: 29667396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of high-resolution electrodes and interconnects is necessary to enable advanced, high-performance, printed, and flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate the direct printing of graphene patterns with feature widths from 300 μm to ∼310 nm by liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding. This solution-based technique enables residue-free printing of graphene patterns on a variety of substrates with surface energies between ∼43 and 73 mN m-1. Using printed graphene source and drain electrodes, high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are fabricated with single-crystal rubrene (p-type) and fluorocarbon-substituted dicyanoperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDIF-CN2) (n-type) semiconductors. Measured mobilities range from 2.1 to 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 for rubrene and from 0.6 to 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 for PDIF-CN2. Complementary inverter circuits are fabricated from these single-crystal OFETs with gains as high as ∼50. Finally, these high-resolution graphene patterns are compatible with scalable processing, offering compelling opportunities for inexpensive printed electronics with increased performance and integration density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi R Naik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Jae Joon Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Özlem Usluer
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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14
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Steyrleuthner R, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Kraffert F, Cherniawski BP, Bittl R, Briseno AL, Bredas JL, Behrends J. Impact of morphology on polaron delocalization in a semicrystalline conjugated polymer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:3627-3639. [PMID: 28094360 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the delocalization of holes in the semicrystalline conjugated polymer poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) by directly measuring the hyperfine coupling between photogenerated polarons and bound nuclear spins using electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. An extrapolation of the corresponding oligomer spectra reveals that charges tend to delocalize over 4.0-4.8 nm with delocalization strongly dependent on molecular order and crystallinity of the PBTTT polymer thin films. Density functional theory calculations of hyperfine couplings confirm that long-range corrected functionals appropriately describe the change in coupling strength with increasing oligomer size and agree well with the experimentally measured polymer limit. Our discussion presents general guidelines illustrating the various pitfalls and opportunities when deducing polaron localization lengths from hyperfine coupling spectra of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Steyrleuthner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Conte Research Center, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Felix Kraffert
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benjamin P Cherniawski
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Conte Research Center, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert Bittl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Conte Research Center, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Behrends
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Chen AW, Briseno AL, Santore MM. Tunable fluorescence quenching near the graphene-aqueous interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Yamashita M, Kawano K, Matsumoto A, Aratani N, Hayashi H, Suzuki M, Zhang L, Briseno AL, Yamada H. Front Cover: Dinaphthotetrathiafulvalene Bisimides: A New Member of the Family of π-Extended TTF Stable p-Type Semiconductors (Chem. Eur. J. 60/2017). Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Koki Kawano
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts; 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts; 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
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17
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Choi HH, Najafov H, Kharlamov N, Kuznetsov DV, Didenko SI, Cho K, Briseno AL, Podzorov V. Polarization-Dependent Photoinduced Bias-Stress Effect in Single-Crystal Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:34153-34161. [PMID: 28914049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer between semiconductors and gate dielectrics can occur in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) operating under illumination, leading to a pronounced bias-stress effect in devices that are normally stable while operating in the dark. Here, we report an observation of a polarization-dependent photoinduced bias-stress effect in two prototypical single-crystal OFETs, based on rubrene and tetraphenylbis(indolo{1,2-a})quinolin. We find that the decay rate of the source-drain current in these OFETs under illumination is a periodic function of the polarization angle of incident photoexcitation with respect to the crystal axes, with a periodicity of π. The angular positions of maxima and minima of the bias-stress rate match those of the optical absorption coefficient of the corresponding crystals. The analysis of the effect shows that it stems from a charge transfer of "hot" holes, photogenerated in the crystal within a very short thermalization length (≪μm) from the semiconductor-dielectric interface. The observed phenomenon is a type of intrinsic structure-property relationship, revealing how molecular packing affects parameter drift in organic transistors under illumination. We also demonstrate that a photoinduced charge transfer in OFETs can be used for recording rewritable accumulation channels with an optically defined geometry and resolution, which can be used in a number of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | | | - Nikolai Kharlamov
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Denis V Kuznetsov
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Sergei I Didenko
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Vitaly Podzorov
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Moscow 119049, Russia
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18
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Yamashita M, Kawano K, Matsumoto A, Aratani N, Hayashi H, Suzuki M, Zhang L, Briseno AL, Yamada H. Dinaphthotetrathiafulvalene Bisimides: A New Member of the Family of π-Extended TTF Stable p-Type Semiconductors. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Koki Kawano
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts; 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts; 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST); 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
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19
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Yamashita M, Kawano K, Matsumoto A, Aratani N, Hayashi H, Suzuki M, Zhang L, Briseno AL, Yamada H. Dinaphthotetrathiafulvalene Bisimides: A New Member of the Family of π‐Extended TTF Stable p‐Type Semiconductors. Chemistry 2017; 23:15002-15007. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Yamashita
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Koki Kawano
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) 8916-5 Takayama-cho Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
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20
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Colella NS, Labastide JA, Cherniawski BP, Thompson HB, Marques SR, Zhang L, Usluer Ö, Watkins JJ, Briseno AL, Barnes MD. Poly[2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] Oligomer Single-Crystal Nanowires from Supercritical Solution and Their Anisotropic Exciton Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2984-2989. [PMID: 28605188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluids, exhibiting a combination of liquid-like solvation power and gas-like diffusivity, are a relatively unexplored medium for processing and crystallization of oligomer and polymeric semiconductors whose optoelectronic properties critically depend on the microstructure. Here we report oligomer crystallization from the polymer organic semiconductor, poly[2,5-bis(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT) in supercritical hexane, yielding needle-like single crystals up to several microns in length. We characterize the crystals' photophysical properties by time- and polarization-resolved photoluminescence (TPRPL) spectroscopy. These techniques reveal two-dimensional interchromophore coupling facilitated by the high degree of π-stacking order within the crystal. Furthermore, the crystals obtained from supercritical fluid were found to be similar photophysically as the crystallites found in solution-cast thin films and distinct from solution-grown crystals that exhibited spectroscopic signatures indicative of different packing geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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21
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Abstract
The smooth surface of crystalline rubrene films formed through an abrupt heating process provides a valuable platform to study organic homoepitaxy. By varying growth rate and substrate temperature, we are able to manipulate the onset of a transition from layer-by-layer to island growth modes, while the crystalline thin films maintain a remarkably smooth surface (less than 2.3 nm root-mean-square roughness) even with thick (80 nm) adlayers. We also uncover evidence of point and line defect formation in these films, indicating that homoepitaxy under our conditions is not at equilibrium or strain-free. Point defects that are resolved as screw dislocations can be eliminated under closer-to-equilibrium conditions, whereas we are not able to eliminate the formation of line defects within our experimental constraints at adlayer thicknesses above ∼25 nm. We are, however, able to eliminate these line defects by growing on a bulk single crystal of rubrene, indicating that the line defects are a result of strain built into the thin film template. We utilize electron backscatter diffraction, which is a first for organics, to investigate the origin of these line defects and find that they preferentially occur parallel to the (002) plane, which is in agreement with expectations based on calculated surface energies of various rubrene crystal facets. By combining the benefits of crystallinity, low surface roughness, and thickness-tunability, this system provides an important study of attributes valuable to high-performance organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Fusella
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Abbasi
- Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106 United States
| | - Jae Joon Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544 United States
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22
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Chen AW, Fang B, Lee H, Briseno AL, Santore MM. Evidence for negative charge near large area supported graphene in water: A study of silica microsphere interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 492:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Adhikari JM, Gadinski MR, Li Q, Sun KG, Reyes-Martinez MA, Iagodkine E, Briseno AL, Jackson TN, Wang Q, Gomez ED. Controlling Chain Conformations of High-k Fluoropolymer Dielectrics to Enhance Charge Mobilities in Rubrene Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors. Adv Mater 2016; 28:10095-10102. [PMID: 27717022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel photopatternable high-k fluoropolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-bromotrifluoroethylene) P(VDF-BTFE), with a dielectric constant (k) between 8 and 11 is demonstrated in thin-film transistors. Crosslinking P(VDF-BTFE) reduces energetic disorder at the dielectric-semiconductor interface by controlling the chain conformations of P(VDF-BTFE), thereby leading to approximately a threefold enhancement in the charge mobility of rubrene single-crystal field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwala M Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, 106 Fenske Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew R Gadinski
- Material Science and Engineering, N-348 Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Material Science and Engineering, N-348 Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kaige G Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Marcos A Reyes-Martinez
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, The Dow Chemical Company, 455 Forest St, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Elissei Iagodkine
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, The Dow Chemical Company, 455 Forest St, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, The Dow Chemical Company, 455 Forest St, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Thomas N Jackson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Material Science and Engineering, N-348 Millennium Science Complex, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, 106 Fenske Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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24
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Martin KL, Nyquist Y, Burnett EK, Briseno AL, Carter KR. Surface Grafting of Functionalized Poly(thiophene)s Using Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry for Thin Film Stabilization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:30543-30551. [PMID: 27797483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Regioregular poly[(3-hexylthiophene)-ran-(3-undecenylthiophene)] (pP3HT) and vinyl terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (xP3HT) were synthesized by the McCullough method and surface grafted to thiol modified silicon dioxide wafers using thiol-ene click chemistry. Utilizing this method, semiconducting, solvent impervious films were easily generated. Thiol-ene click chemistry is convenient for film stabilization in electronics because it does not produce side products that could be inimical to charge transport in the active layer. It was found through grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) that there is no change in microstructure between as-spun films and thiol-ene grafted films, while there was a change after the thiol-ene grafted film was exposed to solvent. Organic field-effect transistors (oFETs) were fabricated from grafted films that had been swelled with chloroform, and these devices had mobilities on the order of 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1, which are consistent with poly(thiophene) monolayer devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lindsey Martin
- Conte Polymer Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yannick Nyquist
- Conte Polymer Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Conte Polymer Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Conte Polymer Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kenneth R Carter
- Conte Polymer Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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25
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Gonzalez Arellano DL, Lee H, Secor EB, Burnett EK, Hersam MC, Watkins JJ, Briseno AL. Graphene Ink as a Conductive Templating Interlayer for Enhanced Charge Transport of C 60-Based Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:29594-29599. [PMID: 27723296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate conductive templating interlayers of graphene ink, integrating the electronic and chemical properties of graphene in a solution-based process relevant for scalable manufacturing. Thin films of graphene ink are coated onto ITO, following thermal annealing, to form a percolating network used as interlayer. We employ a benchmark n-type semiconductor, C60, to study the interface of the active layer/interlayer. On bare ITO, C60 molecules form films of homogeneously distributed grains; with a graphene interlayer, a preferential orientation of C60 molecules is observed in the individual graphene plates. This leads to crystal growth favoring enhanced charge transport. We fabricate devices to characterize the electron injection and the effect of graphene on the device performance. We observe a significant increase in the current density with the interlayer. Current densities as high as ∼1 mA/cm2 and ∼70 mA/cm2 are realized for C60 deposited with the substrate at 25 °C and 150 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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26
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Abstract
We report orthogonal ambipolar semiconductors that exhibit hole and electron transport in perpendicular directions based on aligned films of nanocrystalline "shish-kebabs" containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and N,N'-di-n-octyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) as p- and n-type components, respectively. Polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements reveal a high degree of in-plane alignment. Relying on the orientation of interdigitated electrodes to enable efficient charge transport from either the respective p- or n-channel materials, we demonstrate semiconductor films with high anisotropy in the sign of charge carriers. Films of these aligned crystalline semiconductors were used to fabricate complementary inverter devices, which exhibited good switching behavior and a high noise margin of 80% of 1/2 Vdd. Moreover, complementary "NAND" and "NOR" logic gates were fabricated and found to exhibit excellent voltage transfer characteristics and low static power consumption. The ability to optimize the performance of these devices, simply by adjusting the solution concentrations of P3HT and PDI, makes this a simple and versatile method for preparing ambipolar organic semiconductor devices and high-performance logic gates. Further, we demonstrate that this method can also be applied to mixtures of PDI with another conjugated polymer, poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene]) (PBTTT), with better hole transport characteristics than P3HT, opening the door to orthogonal ambipolar semiconductors with higher performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jens C Markwart
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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27
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Briseno AL. Profile: Early Excellence in Physical Organic Chemistry. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee H, Stephenson JC, Richter LJ, McNeill CR, Gann E, Thomsen L, Park S, Jeong J, Yi Y, DeLongchamp DM, Page ZA, Puodziukynaite E, Emrick T, Briseno AL. The Structural Origin of Electron Injection Enhancements with Fulleropyrrolidine Interlayers. Adv Mater Interfaces 2016; 3:1500852. [PMID: 28133591 PMCID: PMC5259752 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201500852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of the substituent groups in a new class of work function modification layers, based on functionalized fulleropyrrolidines, is measured and found to directly account for the sign of the work function change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - John C Stephenson
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Lee J Richter
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Thomsen Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168 Australia
| | - Soohyung Park
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Jeong
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
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29
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Taber BN, Kislitsyn DA, Gervasi CF, Mills JM, Rosenfield AE, Zhang L, Mannsfeld SCB, Prell JS, Briseno AL, Nazin GV. Real-space visualization of conformation-independent oligothiophene electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:194703. [PMID: 27208961 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigations of the electronic structures of different alkyl-substituted oligothiophenes on the Au(111) surface. STM imaging showed that on Au(111), oligothiophenes adopted distinct straight and bent conformations. By combining STS maps with STM images, we visualize, in real space, particle-in-a-box-like oligothiophene molecular orbitals. We demonstrate that different planar conformers with significant geometrical distortions of oligothiophene backbones surprisingly exhibit very similar electronic structures, indicating a low degree of conformation-induced electronic disorder. The agreement of these results with gas-phase density functional theory calculations implies that the oligothiophene interaction with the Au(111) surface is generally insensitive to molecular conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamen N Taber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Dmitry A Kislitsyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Christian F Gervasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Jon M Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Ariel E Rosenfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - George V Nazin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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30
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Kara K, Kara DA, Kırbıyık C, Ersoz M, Usluer O, Briseno AL, Kus M. Solvent washing with toluene enhances efficiency and increases reproducibility in perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication process such as the amount of washing solvent, spin rates and time for reproducible preovskite solar cell has been optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Kara
- Department of Physics
- Selcuk University
- Konya
- Turkey
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center
| | - Duygu Akın Kara
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center
- Selcuk University
- Konya
- Turkey
- Department of Physics
| | - Cisem Kırbıyık
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center
- Selcuk University
- Konya
- Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Mustafa Ersoz
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center
- Selcuk University
- Konya
- Turkey
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ozlem Usluer
- Department of Energy System Engineering
- Necmettin Erbakan University
- Konya
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
| | | | - Mahmut Kus
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center
- Selcuk University
- Konya
- Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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31
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Briseno AL, Mallett JJ, Schanze KS. Celebrating 50 Years of Organic Chemistry Applied Materials Research on the Occasion of Fred Wudl's 75th Birthday. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:27987-27988. [PMID: 26714772 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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32
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Ye C, Zhang L, Fu G, Karim A, Kyu T, Briseno AL, Vogt BD. Controlled Directional Crystallization of Oligothiophenes Using Zone Annealing of Preseeded Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:23008-23014. [PMID: 26414104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple route to directionally grow crystals of oligothiophenes, based on 2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene with degrees of polymerization of 2 (BTTT-2) and 4 (BTTT-4) via zone annealing (ZA) of preseeded films. ZA of spun-cast films of BTTT-2 does not yield highly aligned crystals. However, if the film is oven-annealed briefly prior to ZA, highly aligned crystals that are millimeters in length can be grown, whose length depends on the velocity of the ZA front. The precrystallized region provides existing nuclei that promote crystal growth and limit nucleation of new crystals in the melted region. Aligned crystals of BTTT-2 can be obtained even when the moving velocity for ZA is an order of magnitude greater than the crystal growth rate. The relative nucleation rate to the crystallization rate for BTTT-4 is greater than that for BTTT-2, which decreases the length over which BTTT-4 can be aligned to ∼500 μm for the conditions examined. The temperature gradient and moving velocity of ZA enable control of the length of the aligned crystalline structure at the macroscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhuai Ye
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Guopeng Fu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Thein Kyu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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33
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Kim HJ, Skinner M, Yu H, Oh JH, Briseno AL, Emrick T, Kim BJ, Hayward RC. Water Processable Polythiophene Nanowires by Photo-Cross-Linking and Click-Functionalization. Nano Lett 2015; 15:5689-5695. [PMID: 26289785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Replacing or minimizing the use of halogenated organic solvents in the processing and manufacturing of conjugated polymer-based organic electronics has emerged as an important issue due to concerns regarding toxicity, environmental impact, and high cost. To date, however, the processing of well-ordered conjugated polymer nanostructures has been difficult to achieve using environmentally benign solvents. In this work, we report the development of water and alcohol processable nanowires (NWs) with well-defined crystalline nanostructure based on the solution assembly of azide functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT-azide) and subsequent photo-cross-linking and functionalization of these NWs. The solution-assembled P3HT-azide NWs were successfully cross-linked by exposure to UV light, yielding good thermal and chemical stability. Residual azide units on the photo-cross-linked NWs were then functionalized with alkyne terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-alkyne) using copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry. PEG functionalization of the cross-linked P3HT-azide NWs allowed for stable dispersion in alcohols and water, while maintaining well-ordered NW structures with electronic properties suitable for the fabrication of organic field effect transistors (OFETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Matthew Skinner
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hojeong Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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34
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Taber BN, Kislitsyn DA, Gervasi CF, Mannsfeld SCB, Zhang L, Briseno AL, Nazin GV. Adsorption-induced conformational isomerization of alkyl-substituted thiophene oligomers on Au(111): impact on the interfacial electronic structure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:15138-15142. [PMID: 26153900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted quaterthiophenes on Au(111) form dimers linked by their alkyl substituents and, instead of adopting the trans conformation found in bulk oligothiophene crystals, assume cis conformations. Surprisingly, the impact of the conformation is not decisive in determining the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of the adsorption geometries and electronic structures of alkyl-substituted quaterthiophenes show that the orbital energies vary substantially because of local variations in the Au(111) surface reactivity. These results demonstrate that interfacial oligothiophene conformations and electronic structures may differ substantially from those expected based on the band structures of bulk oligothiophene crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamen N Taber
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Dmitry A Kislitsyn
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Christian F Gervasi
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- ‡Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- §Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- §Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - George V Nazin
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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35
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Acevedo-Cartagena DE, Zhu J, Trabanino E, Pentzer E, Emrick T, Nonnenmann SS, Briseno AL, Hayward RC. Selective Nucleation of Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) Nanofibers on Multilayer Graphene Substrates. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:483-487. [PMID: 35596293 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that graphene surfaces provide highly selective nucleation of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers (NFs) from supersaturated solutions. Solvent conditions are identified that give rise to a wide hysteresis between crystallization and melting centered around room temperature, yielding metastable solutions that are stable against homogeneous nucleation for long periods of time but that allow for heterogeneous nucleation by graphene. Selective growth of P3HT crystals is found for multilayer graphene (MLG) supported on either Si or ITO substrates, with nucleation kinetics that are more rapid for MLG on Si but slower in both cases than for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Although the NFs grow vertically from the substrate with face-on orientation of P3HT chains, we observe edge-on orientation in dried films, presumably due to capillary forces that cause collapse of the NFs onto the substrate during solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Acevedo-Cartagena
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elvira Trabanino
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, California State Polytechnic University—Pomona, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - Emily Pentzer
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Stephen S. Nonnenmann
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ryan C. Hayward
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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36
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Reyes-Martinez MA, Crosby AJ, Briseno AL. Rubrene crystal field-effect mobility modulation via conducting channel wrinkling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6948. [PMID: 25939864 PMCID: PMC4432628 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the impending surge of flexible organic electronic technologies, it has become essential to understand how mechanical deformation affects the electrical performance of organic thin-film devices. Organic single crystals are ideal for the systematic study of strain effects on electrical properties without being concerned about grain boundaries and other defects. Here we investigate how the deformation affects the field-effect mobility of single crystals of the benchmark semiconductor rubrene. The wrinkling instability is used to apply local strains of different magnitudes along the conducting channel in field-effect transistors. We discover that the mobility changes as dictated by the net strain at the dielectric/semiconductor interface. We propose a model based on the plate bending theory to quantify the net strain in wrinkled transistors and predict the change in mobility. These contributions represent a significant step forward in structure-function relationships in organic semiconductors, critical for the development of the next generation of flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. Reyes-Martinez
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governor's Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Alfred J. Crosby
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governor's Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governor's Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Zhang L, Cao Y, Colella NS, Liang Y, Brédas JL, Houk KN, Briseno AL. Unconventional, chemically stable, and soluble two-dimensional angular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from molecular design to device applications. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:500-9. [PMID: 25458442 DOI: 10.1021/ar500278w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), consisting of laterally fused benzene rings, are among the most widely studied small-molecule organic semiconductors, with potential applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Linear acenes, including tetracene, pentacene, and their derivatives, have received particular attention due to the synthetic flexibility in tuning their chemical structure and properties and to their high device performance. Unfortunately, longer acenes, which could exhibit even better performance, are susceptible to oxidation, photodegradation, and, in solar cells which contain fullerenes, Diels-Alder reactions. This Account highlights recent advances in the molecular design of two-dimensional (2-D) PAHs that combine device performance with environmental stability. New synthetic techniques have been developed to create stable PAHs that extend conjugation in two dimensions. The stability of these novel compounds is consistent with Clar's sextet rule as the 2-D PAHs have greater numbers of sextets in their ground-state configuration than their linear analogues. The ionization potentials (IPs) of nonlinear acenes decrease more slowly with annellation in comparison to their linear counterparts. As a result, 2-D bistetracene derivatives that are composed of eight fused benzene rings are measured to be about 200 times more stable in chlorinated organic solvents than pentacene derivatives with only five fused rings. Single crystals of the bistetracene derivatives have hole mobilities, measured in OFET configuration, up to 6.1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), with remarkable Ion/Ioff ratios of 10(7). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide insight into the electronic structures at both molecular and material levels and to evaluate the main charge-transport parameters. The 2-D acenes with large aspect ratios and appropriate substituents have the potential to provide favorable interstack electronic interactions, and correspondingly high carrier mobilities. In stark contrast to the 1-D acenes that form mono- and bis-adducts with fullerenes, 2-D PAHs show less reactivity with fullerenes. The geometry of 2-D PAHs plays a crucial role in determining both the barrier and the adduct stability. The reactivity and stability of the 2-D PAHs with regard to Diels-Alder reactions at different reactive sites were explained via DFT calculations of the reaction kinetics and of thermodynamics of reactions and simple Hückel molecular orbital considerations. Also, because of their increased stability in the presence of fullerenes, these compounds have been successfully used in OPVs. The small-molecule semiconductors highlighted in this Account exhibit good charge-transport properties, comparable to those of traditional linear acenes, while being much more environmentally stable. These features have made these 2-D PAHs excellent molecules for fundamental research and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | - Nicholas S. Colella
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology − KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Colella NS, Zhang L, McCarthy-Ward T, Mannsfeld SCB, Winter HH, Heeney M, Watkins JJ, Briseno AL. Controlled integration of oligo- and polythiophenes at the molecular scale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26525-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02944e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hole mobilities greater than 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 are attained in films that contain over 80% oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Colella
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Conte Research Center
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Conte Research Center
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | | | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Dresden University of Technology
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
| | - H. Henning Winter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Conte Research Center
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - James J. Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Conte Research Center
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Conte Research Center
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
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39
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Lee H, Puodziukynaite E, Zhang Y, Stephenson JC, Richter LJ, Fischer DA, DeLongchamp DM, Emrick T, Briseno AL. Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s as Electrode Modifiers for Inverted Organic Electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:540-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Todd Emrick
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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40
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Zhang L, Liu F, Diao Y, Marsh HS, Colella NS, Jayaraman A, Russell TP, Mannsfeld SCB, Briseno AL. The Good Host: Formation of Discrete One-Dimensional Fullerene “Channels” in Well-Ordered Poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:18120-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510976n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hilary S. Marsh
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder Colorado 80309 United States
| | - Nicholas S. Colella
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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41
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Liu F, Chen D, Wang C, Luo K, Gu W, Briseno AL, Hsu JWP, Russell TP. Molecular weight dependence of the morphology in P3HT:PCBM solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:19876-87. [PMID: 25350382 DOI: 10.1021/am505283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In polymer-based photovoltaic devices, optimizing and controlling the active layer morphology is important to enhancing the device efficiency. Using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with well-defined molecular weights (MWs), synthesized by the Grignard metathesis (GRIM) method, we show that the morphology of the photovoltaic active layer and the absorption and crystal structure of P3HT are dependent on the MW. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the crystallinity of P3HT reached a maximum for intermediate MWs. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction showed that the spacing of the (100) planes of P3HT increased with increasing MW, while the crystal size decreased. Nonlinear crystal lattice expansions were found for both the (100) and (020) lattice planes, with an unusual π-π-stacking enhancement observed between 50 and 100 °C. The melting point depression for P3HT, when mixed with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and, hence, the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter depended on the MW. PCBM was found to perturb the ordering of P3HT chains. In photovoltaic devices, P3HT with a MW of ∼20K showed the best device performance. The morphologies of these blends were studied by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and resonant soft X-ray scattering. In GISAXS, we observed that the low-molecular-weight P3HT more readily crystallizes, promoting a phase-separated morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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42
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Zhang Y, Diao Y, Lee H, Mirabito TJ, Johnson RW, Puodziukynaite E, John J, Carter KR, Emrick T, Mannsfeld SCB, Briseno AL. Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters for controlling the growth of organic single-crystalline nanopillars in photovoltaics. Nano Lett 2014; 14:5547-54. [PMID: 25226442 DOI: 10.1021/nl501933q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The most efficient architecture for achieving high donor/acceptor interfacial area in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) would employ arrays of vertically interdigitated p- and n- type semiconductor nanopillars (NPs). Such morphology could have an advantage in bulk heterojunction systems; however, precise control of the dimension morphology in a crystalline, interpenetrating architecture has not yet been realized. Here we present a simple, yet facile, crystallization technique for the growth of vertically oriented NPs utilizing a modified thermal evaporation technique that hinges on a fast deposition rate, short substrate-source distance, and ballistic mass transport. A broad range of organic semiconductor materials is beneficial from the technique to generate NP geometries. Moreover, this technique can also be generalized to various substrates, namely, graphene, PEDOT-PSS, ZnO, CuI, MoO3, and MoS2. The advantage of the NP architecture over the conventional thin film counterpart is demonstrated with an increase of power conversion efficiency of 32% in photovoltaics. This technique will advance the knowledge of organic semiconductor crystallization and create opportunities for the fabrication and processing of NPs for applications that include solar cells, charge storage devices, sensors, and vertical transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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43
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Jørgensen MRV, Hathwar VR, Sist M, Wang X, Hoffmann CM, Briseno AL, Overgaard J, Iversen BB. Accurate atomic displacement parameters from time-of-flight neutron-diffraction data at TOPAZ. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273314015599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Accurate atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) are a good indication of high-quality diffraction data. Results from the newly commissioned time-of-flight Laue diffractometer TOPAZ at the SNS are presented. Excellent agreement is found between ADPs derived independently from the neutron and X-ray data emphasizing the high quality of the data from the time-of-flight Laue diffractometer.
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44
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Cao Y, Liang Y, Zhang L, Osuna S, Hoyt ALM, Briseno AL, Houk KN. Why Bistetracenes Are Much Less Reactive Than Pentacenes in Diels–Alder Reactions with Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10743-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sílvia Osuna
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andra-Lisa M. Hoyt
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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45
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Hammer BAG, Reyes-Martinez MA, Bokel FA, Liu F, Russell TP, Hayward RC, Briseno AL, Emrick T. Reversible, self cross-linking nanowires from thiol-functionalized polythiophene diblock copolymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:7705-7711. [PMID: 24735371 DOI: 10.1021/am500976w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(3-(3-thioacetylpropyl) oxymethylthiophene) (P3HT)-b-(P3TT) diblock copolymers were synthesized and manipulated by solvent-induced crystallization to afford reversibly cross-linked semiconductor nanowires. To cross-link the nanowires, we deprotected the thioacetate groups to thiols and they subsequently oxidized to disulfides. Cross-linked nanowires maintained their structural integrity in solvents that normally dissolve the polymers. These robust nanowires could be reduced to the fully solvated polymer, representing a novel, reversible cross-linking procedure for functional P3HT-based nanowire fibrils. Field-effect transistor measurements were carried out to determine the charge transport properties of these nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton A G Hammer
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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46
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Zhang L, Fonari A, Liu Y, Hoyt ALM, Lee H, Granger D, Parkin S, Russell TP, Anthony JE, Brédas JL, Coropceanu V, Briseno AL. Bistetracene: An Air-Stable, High-Mobility Organic Semiconductor with Extended Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503643s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alexandr Fonari
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Andra-Lisa M. Hoyt
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Devin Granger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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47
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Zhang L, Colella NS, Cherniawski BP, Mannsfeld SCB, Briseno AL. Oligothiophene semiconductors: synthesis, characterization, and applications for organic devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:5327-43. [PMID: 24641239 DOI: 10.1021/am4060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oligothiophenes provide a highly controlled and adaptable platform to explore various synthetic, morphologic, and electronic relationships in organic semiconductor systems. These short-chain systems serve as models for establishing valuable structure-property relationships to their polymer analogs. In contrast to their polymer counterparts, oligothiophenes afford high-purity and well-defined materials that can be easily modified with a variety of functional groups. Recent work by a number of research groups has revealed functionalized oligothiophenes to be the up-and-coming generation of advanced materials for organic electronic devices. In this review, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of linear oligothiophenes with a focus on applications in organic field effect transistors and organic photovoltaics. We will highlight key structural parameters, such as crystal packing, intermolecular interactions, polymorphism, and energy levels, which in turn define the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Conte Polymer Research Center, University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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48
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Innenrücktitelbild: Bandgap Engineering through Controlled Oxidation of Polythiophenes (Angew. Chem. 7/2014). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Inside Back Cover: Bandgap Engineering through Controlled Oxidation of Polythiophenes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7/2014). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Wei S, Xia J, Dell EJ, Jiang Y, Song R, Lee H, Rodenbough P, Briseno AL, Campos LM. Bandgap Engineering through Controlled Oxidation of Polythiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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