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Sherborne GJ, Kemmitt P, Prentice C, Zysman-Colman E, Smith AD, Fallan C. Visible Light-Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202207829. [PMID: 36342443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 2-vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light-mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene-bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Sherborne
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Callum Prentice
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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Zhang W, Mo JY, He W, Kennepohl P, Sammis GM. Regiocontrolled and Stereoselective Syntheses of Tetrahydrophthalazine Derivatives using Radical Cyclizations. Chemistry 2019; 25:976-980. [PMID: 30350381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrophthalazine derivatives have found important applications in pharmaceutical research, but existing synthetic methods are unable to access them regio- and stereoselectively. Here, a new approach is presented that addresses these challenges by utilizing a 6-endo-trig radical cyclization in the key step. The desired tetrahydrophthalazines can be accessed in high yields (55-98 %) and high diastereoselectivities for the trans-product (>95:5) starting either from readily accessible hydrazones, or from the corresponding aldehydes and substituted Boc-hydrazides in a one-pot process. The synthetic versatility of the tetrahydrophthalazine core was demonstrated by its straightforward conversion to dihydro-phthalazines, phthalazines, or pyrazolo dione derivatives. Furthermore, the N-N bond was reduced to afford a new route to 1,4-diamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jia Yi Mo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Weiying He
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Glenn M Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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3
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle “Stitching” by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Christopher J. Cordier
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Emma L. Rivers
- Hit Discovery; Discovery Sciences; IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Cambridge UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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4
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle "Stitching" by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1458-1462. [PMID: 30516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods that provide rapid access to new heterocyclic structures in biologically relevant chemical space provide important opportunities in drug discovery. Here, a strategy is described for the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes bearing ester and diverse aryl substituents. A one-pot rhodium catalyzed N-H insertion and cyclization sequence uses diazo compounds to stitch together linear 1,m-haloamines (m=2-5) to rapidly assemble 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, and 7 -membered saturated nitrogen heterocycles in excellent yields. Over fifty examples are demonstrated, including examples with diazo compounds derived from biologically active compounds. The products can be functionalized to afford α,α-disubstituted amino acids and applied to fragment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boddy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dominic P Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Cordier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Emma L Rivers
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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5
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Combined Imine Reductase and Amine Oxidase Catalyzed Deracemization of Nitrogen Heterocycles. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Luescher MU, Bode JW. Catalytic Synthesis of N-Unprotected Piperazines, Morpholines, and Thiomorpholines from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Luescher MU, Bode JW. Catalytic Synthesis of N-Unprotected Piperazines, Morpholines, and Thiomorpholines from Aldehydes and SnAP Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26212589 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available SnAP (stannyl amine protocol) reagents allow the transformation of aldehydes and ketones into a variety of N-unprotected heterocycles. By identifying new ligands and reaction conditions, a robust catalytic variant that expands the substrate scope to previously inaccessible heteroaromatic substrates and new substitution patterns was realized. It also establishes the basis for a catalytic enantioselective process through the use of chiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael U Luescher
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland) http://www.bode.ethz.ch
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland) http://www.bode.ethz.ch.
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Sun X, Song Z, Li H, Sun C. [1,4]‐S‐ to O‐Silyl Migration: Multicomponent Synthesis of α‐Thioketones through Chemoselective Transformation of Esters to Ketones with Organolithium Reagents. Chemistry 2013; 19:17589-94. [PMID: 24243592 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 (P.R. China)
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 (P.R. China)
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 (P.R. China)
| | - Hongze Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 (P.R. China)
| | - Changzheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 (P.R. China)
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