1
|
Wu Q, Roy A, Wang G, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Synthese eines gegenanionstabilisierten Bis(silylium)ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Q, Roy A, Wang G, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Synthesis of a Counteranion-Stabilized Bis(silylium) Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10523-10526. [PMID: 32216163 PMCID: PMC7317492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a molecule with two alkyl‐tethered silylium‐ion sites from the corresponding bis(hydrosilanes) by two‐fold hydride abstraction is reported. The length of the conformationally flexible alkyl bridge is crucial as otherwise the hydride abstraction stops at the stage of a cyclic bissilylated hydronium ion. With an ethylene tether, the open form of the hydronium‐ion intermediate is energetically accessible and engages in another hydride abstraction. The resulting bis(silylium) ion has been NMR spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Related systems based on rigid naphthalen‐n,m‐diyl platforms can only be converted into the dications when the positively charged silylium‐ion units are remote from each other (1,8 versus 1,5 and 2,6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sturm AG, Santowski T, Schweizer JI, Meyer L, Lewis KM, Felder T, Auner N, Holthausen MC. Making Use of the Direct Process Residue: Synthesis of Bifunctional Monosilanes. Chemistry 2019; 25:8499-8502. [PMID: 31026105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The industrial production of monosilanes Men SiCl4-n (n=1-3) through the Müller-Rochow Direct Process generates disilanes Men Si2 Cl6-n (n=2-6) as unwanted byproducts ("Direct Process Residue", DPR) by the thousands of tons annually, large quantities of which are usually disposed of by incineration. Herein we report a surprisingly facile and highly effective protocol for conversion of the DPR: hydrogenation with complex metal hydrides followed by Si-Si bond cleavage with HCl/ether solutions gives (mostly bifunctional) monosilanes in excellent yields. Competing side reactions are efficiently suppressed by the appropriate choice of reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Julia I Schweizer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lioba Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kenrick M Lewis
- Momentive Performance Materials, 769 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Thorsten Felder
- Momentive Performance Materials, Chempark, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chatterjee K, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Aromatic Charge Resonance Interaction Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3351-3355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceShizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chatterjee K, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Aromatic Charge Resonance Interaction Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceShizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
George MAR, Truong NX, Savoca M, Dopfer O. IR Spectrum and Structure of Protonated Monosilanol: Dative Bonding between Water and the Silylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2919-2923. [PMID: 29341408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the spectroscopic characterization of protonated monosilanol (SiH3 OH2+ ) isolated in the gas phase, thus providing the first experimental determination of the structure and bonding of a member of the elusive silanol family. The SiH3 OH2+ ion is generated in a silane/water plasma expansion, and its structure is derived from the IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectrum of its Ar cluster measured in a tandem mass spectrometer. The chemical bonding in SiH3 OH2+ is analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, providing detailed insight into the nature of the dative H3 Si+ -OH2 bond. Comparison with protonated methanol illustrates the differences in bonding between carbon and silicon, which are mainly related to their different electronegativity and the different energy of the vacant valence pz orbital of SiH3+ and CH3+ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Xuan Truong
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Savoca
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
George MAR, Truong NX, Savoca M, Dopfer O. IR Spectrum and Structure of Protonated Monosilanol: Dative Bonding between Water and the Silylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Xuan Truong
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Marco Savoca
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bouchet A, Schütz M, Dopfer O. Competing Insertion and External Binding Motifs in Hydrated Neurotransmitters: Infrared Spectra of Protonated Phenylethylamine Monohydrate. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:232-43. [PMID: 26584245 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydration has a drastic impact on the structure and function of flexible biomolecules, such as aromatic ethylamino neurotransmitters. The structure of monohydrated protonated phenylethylamine (H(+) PEA-H2 O) is investigated by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of cold cluster ions by using rare-gas (Rg=Ne and Ar) tagging and dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Monohydration of this prototypical neurotransmitter gives an insight into the first step of the formation of its solvation shell, especially regarding the competition between intra- and intermolecular interactions. The spectra of Rg-tagged H(+) PEA-H2 O reveal the presence of a stable insertion structure in which the water molecule is located between the positively charged ammonium group and the phenyl ring of H(+) PEA, acting both as a hydrogen bond acceptor (NH(+) ⋅⋅⋅O) and donor (OH⋅⋅⋅π). Two other nearly equivalent isomers, in which water is externally H bonded to one of the free NH groups, are also identified. The balance between insertion and external hydration strongly depends on temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schütz
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Otto Dopfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Otto Dopfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Wyss CM, Tate BK, Bacsa J, Gray TG, Sadighi JP. Bonding and Reactivity of a μ-Hydrido Dicopper Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
12
|
Wyss CM, Tate BK, Bacsa J, Gray TG, Sadighi JP. Bonding and Reactivity of a μ-Hydrido Dicopper Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12920-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
13
|
George MAR, Savoca M, Dopfer O. Infrared Spectrum of the Si3H8+Cation: Evidence for a Bridged Isomer with an Asymmetric Three-Center Two-Electron SiHSi Bond. Chemistry 2013; 19:15315-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|