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Elzaabalawy A, Meguid SA. Advances in the development of superhydrophobic and icephobic surfaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND MATERIALS IN DESIGN 2022; 18:509-547. [PMID: 37520670 PMCID: PMC9132174 DOI: 10.1007/s10999-022-09593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity and icephobicity are governed by surface chemistry and surface structure. These two features signify a potential advance in surface engineering and have recently garnered significant attention from the research community. This review aims to simulate further research in the development of superhydrophobic and icephobic surfaces in order to achieve their wide-spread adoption in practical applications. The review begins by establishing the fundamentals of the wetting phenomenon and wettability parameters. This is followed by the recent advances in modeling and simulations of the response of superhydrophobic surfaces to static and dynamic droplets contact and impingement, respectively. In view of their versatility and multifunctionality, a special attention is given to the development of these surfaces using nanocomposites. Furthermore, the review considers advances in icephobicity, its comprehensive characterization and its relation to superhydrophobicity. The review also includes the importance of the use of superhydrophobic surface to combat viral and bacterial contamination that exist in fomites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Elzaabalawy
- Mechanics and Aerospace Design Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Shaker A. Meguid
- Mechanics and Aerospace Design Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8 Canada
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Chen K, Mousavi SH, Singh R, Snurr RQ, Li G, Webley PA. Gating effect for gas adsorption in microporous materials-mechanisms and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1139-1166. [PMID: 35040460 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, various microporous materials have been developed as useful adsorbents for gas adsorption for a wide range of industries. Considerable efforts have been made to regulate the pore accessibility in microporous materials for the manipulation of guest molecules' admission and release. It has long been known that some microporous adsorbents suddenly become highly accessible to guest molecules at specific conditions, e.g., above a threshold pressure or temperature. This anomalous adsorption behavior results from a gating effect, where a structural variation of the adsorbent leads to an abrupt change in the gas admission. This review summarizes the mechanisms of the gating effect, which can be a result of the deformation of the framework (e.g., expansion, contraction, reorientation, and sliding of the unit cells), the vibration of the pore-keeping groups (e.g., rotation, swing, and collapse of organic linkers), and the oscillation of the pore-keeping ions (e.g. cesium, potassium, etc.). These structural variations are induced either by the host-guest interaction or by an external stimulus, such as temperature or light, and account for the gating effect at a threshold value of the stimulus. Emphasis is given to the temperature-regulated gating effect, where the critical admission temperature is dictated by the combined effect of the gate opening and thermodynamic factors and plays a key role in regulating guest admission. Molecular simulations can improve our understanding of the gate opening/closing transitions at the atomic scale and enable the construction of quantitative models to describe the gated adsorption behaviour at the macroscale level. The gating effect in porous materials has been widely applied in highly selective gas separation and offers great potential for gas storage and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Seyed Hesam Mousavi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul A Webley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Wang W, Tong Z, Li R, Su D, Ji H. Polysiloxane Bonded Silica Aerogel with Enhanced Thermal Insulation and Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2046. [PMID: 33921640 PMCID: PMC8074007 DOI: 10.3390/ma14082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the mechanical properties of SiO2 aerogels, PHMS/VTES-SiO2 composite aerogels (P/V-SiO2) were prepared. Using vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) as a coupling agent, the PHMS/VTES complex was prepared by conducting an addition reaction with polyhydromethylsiloxane (PHMS) and VTES and then reacting it with inorganic silica sol to prepare the organic-inorganic composite aerogels. The PHMS/VTES complex forms a coating structure on the aerogel particles, enhancing the network structure of the composite aerogels. The composite aerogels can maintain the high specific surface area and excellent thermal insulation properties, and they have better mechanical properties. We studied the reaction mechanism during preparation and discussed the effects of the organic components on the structure and properties of the composite aerogels. The composite aerogels we prepared have a thermal conductivity of 0.03773 W·m-1·K-1 at room temperature and a compressive strength of 1.87 MPa. The compressive strength is several times greater than that of inorganic SiO2 aerogels. The organic-inorganic composite aerogels have excellent comprehensive properties, which helps to expand the application fields of silicon-based aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (W.W.); (Z.T.); (R.L.)
| | - Huiming Ji
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (W.W.); (Z.T.); (R.L.)
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Feng L, Zhu S, Zhang W, Mei K, Wang H, Feng S. Preparation and Characterization of Functional Alkoxysilanes via Catalyst-Free Aza-Michael Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Mei
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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Shimizu T, Kanamori K, Nakanishi K. Silicone-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Aerogels and Xerogels. Chemistry 2017; 23:5176-5187. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiyo Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Zhang X, Zhu W, Parkin IP. A free-standing porous silicon-type gel sponge with superhydrophobicity and oleophobicity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous and spongy superhydrophobic silicon-type gels monoliths have been fabricated by a facile method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wenzhong Zhu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- P. R. China
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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Karatum O, Steiner SA, Griffin JS, Shi W, Plata DL. Flexible, Mechanically Durable Aerogel Composites for Oil Capture and Recovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:215-224. [PMID: 26701744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years separate the two largest oil spills in North American history (the Ixtoc I and Macondo well blowouts), yet the responses to both disasters were nearly identical in spite of advanced material innovation during the same time period. Novel, mechanically durable sorbents could enable (a) sorbent use in the open ocean, (b) automated deployment to minimize workforce exposure to toxic chemicals, and (c) mechanical recovery of spilled oils. Here, we explore the use of two mechanically durable, low-density (0.1-0.2 g cm(-3)), highly porous (85-99% porosity), hydrophobic (water contact angles >120°), flexible aerogel composite blankets as sorbent materials for automated oil capture and recovery: Cabot Thermal Wrap (TW) and Aspen Aerogels Spaceloft (SL). Uptake of crude oils (Iraq and Sweet Bryan Mound oils) was 8.0 ± 0.1 and 6.5 ± 0.3 g g(-1) for SL and 14.0 ± 0.1 and 12.2 ± 0.1 g g(-1) for TW, respectively, nearly twice as high as similar polyurethane- and polypropylene-based devices. Compound-specific uptake experiments and discrimination against water uptake suggested an adsorption-influenced sorption mechanism. Consistent with that mechanism, chemical extraction oil recoveries were 95 ± 2 (SL) and 90 ± 2% (TW), but this is an undesirable extraction route in decentralized oil cleanup efforts. In contrast, mechanical extraction routes are favorable, and a modest compression force (38 N) yielded 44.7 ± 0.5% initially to 42.0 ± 0.4% over 10 reuse cycles for SL and initially 55.0 ± 0.1% for TW, degrading to 30.0 ± 0.2% by the end of 10 cycles. The mechanical integrity of SL deteriorated substantially (800 ± 200 to 80 ± 30 kPa), whereas TW was more robust (380 ± 80 to 700 ± 100 kPa) over 10 uptake-and-compression extraction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Karatum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hudson Hall, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Stephen A Steiner
- Aerogel Technologies, LLC , Boston, Massachusetts 02127, United States
| | - Justin S Griffin
- Aerogel Technologies, LLC , Boston, Massachusetts 02127, United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Mason Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hudson Hall, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Mason Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Si Y, Guo Z. Superhydrophobic nanocoatings: from materials to fabrications and to applications. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5922-46. [PMID: 25766486 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic nanocoatings, a combination of nanotechnology and superhydrophobic surfaces, have received extraordinary attention recently, focusing both on novel preparation strategies and on investigations of their unique properties. In the past few decades, inspired by the lotus leaf, the discovery of nano- and micro-hierarchical structures has brought about great change in the superhydrophobic nanocoatings field. In this paper we review the contributions to this field reported in recent literature, mainly including materials, fabrication and applications. In order to facilitate comparison, materials are divided into 3 categories as follows: inorganic materials, organic materials, and inorganic-organic materials. Each kind of materials has itself merits and demerits, as well as fabrication techniques. The process of each technique is illustrated simply through a few classical examples. There is, to some extent, an association between various fabrication techniques, but many are different. So, it is important to choose appropriate preparation strategies, according to conditions and purposes. The peculiar properties of superhydrophobic nanocoatings, such as self-cleaning, anti-bacteria, anti-icing, corrosion resistance and so on, are the most dramatic. Not only do we introduce application examples, but also try to briefly discuss the principle behind the phenomenon. Finally, some challenges and potential promising breakthroughs in this field are also succinctly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Si
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Janeta M, John Ł, Ejfler J, Szafert S. High-Yield Synthesis of Amido-Functionalized Polyoctahedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes by Using Acyl Chlorides. Chemistry 2014; 20:15966-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cheng Z, Lai H, Du Y, Hou R, Li C, Zhang N, Sun K. Assembling Mixed Carboxylic Acid Molecules on Hierarchical Structured Aluminum Substrates for the Fabrication of Superoleophobic Surfaces with Controlled Oil Adhesion. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Cheng
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
| | - Hua Lai
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
| | - Ying Du
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
| | - Rui Hou
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
| | - Chong Li
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
| | - Naiqing Zhang
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
| | - Kening Sun
- Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86)045186412153
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Urata C, Masheder B, Cheng DF, Miranda DF, Dunderdale GJ, Miyamae T, Hozumi A. Why can organic liquids move easily on smooth alkyl-terminated surfaces? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:4049-4055. [PMID: 24660770 DOI: 10.1021/la500548v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic dewettability of a smooth alkyl-terminated sol-gel hybrid film surface against 17 probe liquids (polar and nonpolar, with high and low surface tensions) was systematically investigated using contact angle (CA) hysteresis and substrate tilt angle (TA) measurements, in terms of their physicochemical properties such as surface tension, molecular weight/volume, dielectric constant, density, and viscosity. We found that the dynamic dewettability of the hybrid film markedly depended not on the surface tensions but on the dielectric constants of the probe liquids, displaying lower resistance to liquid drop movement with decreasing dielectric constant (ε < 30). Interfacial analysis using the sum-frequency generation (SFG) technique confirmed that the conformation of surface-tethered alkyl chains was markedly altered before and after contact with the different types of probe liquids. When probe liquids with low dielectric constants were in contact with our surface, CH3 groups were preferentially exposed at the solid/liquid interface, leading to a reduction in surface energy. Because of such local changes in surface energy at the three-phase contact line of the probe liquid, the contact line can move continuously from low-surface-energy (solid/liquid) areas to surrounding high-surface-energy (solid/air) areas without pinning. Consequently, the organic probe liquids with low dielectric constants can move easily and roll off when tilted only slightly, independent of the magnitude of CAs, without relying on conventional surface roughening and perfluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Urata
- Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Development, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98 , Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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Ruan C, Ai K, Li X, Lu L. A Superhydrophobic Sponge with Excellent Absorbency and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ruan C, Ai K, Li X, Lu L. A Superhydrophobic Sponge with Excellent Absorbency and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5556-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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