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Reinhard D, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Desymmetrization Strategy to Achieve Triptycene‐Based 3,6‐Dimethoxytriphenylenes via Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Reinhard
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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2
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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3
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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4
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Bengasi G, Baba K, Back O, Frache G, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Reactivity of Nickel(II) Porphyrins in oCVD Processes-Polymerisation, Intramolecular Cyclisation and Chlorination. Chemistry 2019; 25:8313-8320. [PMID: 30939219 PMCID: PMC6771558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative chemical vapour deposition of (5,15‐diphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiDPP) with iron(III) chloride as oxidant yielded a conjugated poly(metalloporphyrin) as a highly coloured thin film, which is potentially useful for optoelectronic applications. This study clarified the reactive sites of the porphyrin monomer NiDPP by HRMS, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. Unsubstituted meso positions are essential for successful polymerisation, as demonstrated by varying the porphyrin meso substituent pattern from di‐ to tri‐ and tetraphenyl substitution. DFT calculations support the proposed radical oxidative coupling mechanism and explain the regioselectivity of the C−C coupling processes. Depositing the conjugated polymer on glass slides and on thermoplastic transparent polyethylene naphthalate demonstrated the suitability of the porphyrin material for flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Back
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas D Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Beil SB, Müller T, Sillart SB, Franzmann P, Bomm A, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Schade W, Waldvogel SR. Aktive Anode auf Molybdänbasis für dehydrierende Kupplungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- MAterial Science IN MainZ (MAINZ); Exzellenzgraduiertenschule; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Timo Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sydney B. Sillart
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Alexander Bomm
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Deutschland
| | - Michael Holtkamp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schade
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- MAterial Science IN MainZ (MAINZ); Exzellenzgraduiertenschule; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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6
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Beil SB, Müller T, Sillart SB, Franzmann P, Bomm A, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Schade W, Waldvogel SR. Active Molybdenum-Based Anode for Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2450-2454. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ); Graduate School of Excellence; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Timo Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Sydney B. Sillart
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Alexander Bomm
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Michael Holtkamp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schade
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut; Abteilung Faseroptische Sensorsysteme; Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Material Science in Mainz (MAINZ); Graduate School of Excellence; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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7
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Röse P, Emge S, König CA, Hilt G. Efficient Oxidative Coupling of ArenesviaElectrochemical Regeneration of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) under Mild Reaction Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Röse
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Steffen Emge
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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8
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Fujimoto S, Matsumoto K, Shindo M. Aerobic Oxidative Intramolecular Aromatic CouplingviaHeterogeneous Metal Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Fujimoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences; Kyushu University; Kasuga, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University; Tokushima Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shindo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; 6-1, Kasugako-en, Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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Bortoluzzi M, Ferretti E, Hayatifar M, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S. One‐Pot Intermolecular C–S Self‐Coupling of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Promoted by Molybdenum Pentachloride. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Via Torino 15530170Mestre (VE)Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferretti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Mohammad Hayatifar
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Università di Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Viale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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Schubert M, Franzmann P, Wünsche von Leupoldt A, Koszinowski K, Heinze K, Waldvogel SR. Überoxidation als Schlüsselschritt im Mechanismus der MoCl5
- vermittelten dehydrierenden Arenkupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schubert
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Anica Wünsche von Leupoldt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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11
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Schubert M, Franzmann P, Wünsche von Leupoldt A, Koszinowski K, Heinze K, Waldvogel SR. Over-Oxidation as the Key Step in the Mechanism of the MoCl5-Mediated Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1156-9. [PMID: 26473303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum pentachloride is an unusually powerful reagent for the dehydrogenative coupling of arenes. Owing to the high reaction rate using MoCl5, several labile moieties are tolerated in this transformation. The mechanistic course of the reaction was controversially discussed although indications for a single electron transfer as the initial step were found recently. Herein, based on a combined study including synthetic investigations, electrochemical measurements, EPR spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and mass spectrometry, we deduct a highly consistent mechanistic scenario: MoCl5 acts as a one-electron oxidant in the absence of TiCl4 and as two-electron oxidant in the presence of TiCl4, but leads to an over-oxidized intermediate in both cases, which protects it from side reactions. In the course of aqueous work-up the reagent waste (Mo(III/IV) species) acts as reducing agent generating the desired organic C-C coupling product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schubert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Franzmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anica Wünsche von Leupoldt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Kamimoto N, Schollmeyer D, Mitsudo K, Suga S, Waldvogel SR. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino CH/NH Functionalization: An Efficient Approach to Nitrogen-Bridged Heteroacenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:8257-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Gaster E, Vainer Y, Regev A, Narute S, Sudheendran K, Werbeloff A, Shalit H, Pappo D. Significant Enhancement in the Efficiency and Selectivity of Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Phenols by Fluoroalcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Gaster E, Vainer Y, Regev A, Narute S, Sudheendran K, Werbeloff A, Shalit H, Pappo D. Significant Enhancement in the Efficiency and Selectivity of Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Phenols by Fluoroalcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4198-202. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Leppin J, Schubert M, Waldvogel SR, Heinze K. Initial Radical Cation Pathway in the Mo2Cl10-Mediated Dehydrogenative Arene Coupling. Chemistry 2015; 21:4229-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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