1
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Sadowski B, Gryko DT. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione - (still) a mysterious cross-conjugated chromophore. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14020-14038. [PMID: 38098709 PMCID: PMC10718078 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones (DPNDs) entered the chemical world in 2016. This cross-conjugated donor-acceptor skeleton can be prepared in two steps from commercially available reagents in overall yield ≈15-20% (5 mmol scale). DPNDs can be easily and regioselectively halogenated which opens an avenue to numerous derivatives as well as to π-expansion. Although certain synthetic limitations exist, the current derivatization possibilities provided impetus for numerous explorations that use DPNDs. Structural modifications enable bathochromic shift of the emission to deep-red region and reaching the optical brightness 30 000 M-1 cm-1. Intense absorption and strong emission of greenish-yellow light attracted the interest which eventually led to the discovery of their strong two-photon absorption, singlet fission in the crystalline phase and triplet sensitization. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione-based twistacenes broadened our knowledge on the influence of twisting angle on the fate of the molecule in the excited state. Collectively, these findings highlight the compatibility of DPNDs with various applications within organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw S. Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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2
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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Clermont G, Poronik YM, Blanchard-Desce M, Piątkowski P, Gryko DT. Realization of nitroaromatic chromophores with intense two-photon brightness. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11708-11711. [PMID: 37700732 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong fluorescence is a general feature of dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones bearing two nitrophenyl substituents. Methyl groups simultaneously being weakly electron-donating and inducing steric hindrance appear to be a key structural parameter that allows for significant emission enhancement, whereas Et2N groups cause fluorescence quenching. The magnitude of two-photon absorption increases if 4-nitrophenyl substituents are present while the contribution of Et2N groups is detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France.
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Piątkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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3
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Sadowski B, Milewska K, Ginter J. Machine Learning Based Prediction of Gamma Passing Rate for VMAT Radiotherapy Plans. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122071. [PMID: 36556291 PMCID: PMC9781864 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of machine learning algorithms (ML) in radiotherapy is becoming increasingly popular. More and more groups are trying to apply ML in predicting the so-called gamma passing rate (GPR). Our team has developed a customized approach of using ML algorithms to predict global GPR for electronic portal imaging device (EPID) verification for dose different 2% and distance to agreement 2 mm criteria for VMAT dynamic plans. Plans will pass if the GPR is greater than 98%. The algorithm was learned and tested on anonymized clinical data from 13 months which resulted in more than 3000 treatment plans. The obtained results of GPR prediction are very interesting. Average specificity of the algorithm based on an ensemble of 50 decision tree regressors is 91.6% for our criteria. As a result, we can reduce the verification process by 50%. The novel approach described by our team can offer a new insight into the application of ML and neural networks in GPR prediction and dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Medical Physics Department, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Milewska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Józef Ginter
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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4
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Sadowski B, Yuan B, Lin Z, Ackermann L. Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed peri-Selective Direct Alkenylations with Weak O-Coordination Enabled by the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117188. [PMID: 35179817 PMCID: PMC9311442 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct C−H functionalizations by electrocatalysis is dominated by strongly coordinating N(sp2)‐directing groups. In sharp contrast, direct electrocatalytic transformations of weakly‐coordinating phenols remain underdeveloped. Herein, electrooxidative peri C−H alkenylations of challenging 1‐naphthols were achieved by versatile rhodium(III) catalysis via user‐friendly constant current electrolysis. The rhodaelectrocatalysis employed readily‐available alkenes and a protic reaction medium and features ample scope, good functional group tolerance and high site‐ and stereoselectivity. The strategy was successfully applied to high‐value, nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, thereby providing direct access to uncommon heterocyclic motifs based on the dihydropyranoquinoline skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Sadowski B, Mierzwa D, Kang S, Grzybowski M, Poronik YM, Sobolewski AL, Kim D, Gryko DT. Tuning the aromatic backbone twist in dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3697-3700. [PMID: 35225999 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06863f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the photophysical behavior of three analogs of cyclophane bearing the dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND) core. In these molecules, intersystem crossing (ISC) can be successfully induced by distinct changes in the deviation from planarity within the DPND core, allowing at the same time the emission maximum to shift from the green to red region of the visible spectrum without any synthetic modifications of the chromophore structure. This finding may build the foundation for a new paradigm for inducing ISC-type transitions within other centrosymmetric and planar cross-conjugated chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | | | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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6
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Sadowski B, Yuan B, Lin Z, Ackermann L. Rhodaelectro‐catalyzed peri‐selective direct alkenylations with weak O‐coordination enabled by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Binbin Yuan
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Goettingen GERMANY
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7
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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Poronik YM, Czichy M, Janasik P, Banasiewicz M, Mierzwa D, Gadomski W, Lohrey TD, Clark JA, Łapkowski M, Kozankiewicz B, Vullev VI, Sobolewski AL, Piatkowski P, Gryko DT. Potent strategy towards strongly emissive nitroaromatics through a weakly electron-deficient core. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14039-14049. [PMID: 34760187 PMCID: PMC8565362 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatics seldom fluoresce. The importance of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugates, however, has inspired a number of strategies for suppressing the emission-quenching effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group. Here, we demonstrate how such strategies yield fluorescent nitroaryl derivatives of dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND). Nitro groups near the DPND core quench its fluorescence. Conversely, nitro groups placed farther from the core allow some of the highest fluorescence quantum yields ever recorded for nitroaromatics. This strategy of preventing the known processes that compete with photoemission, however, leads to the emergence of unprecedented alternative mechanisms for fluorescence quenching, involving transitions to dark nπ* singlet states and aborted photochemistry. Forming nπ* triplet states from ππ* singlets is a classical pathway for fluorescence quenching. In nitro-DPNDs, however, these ππ* and nπ* excited states are both singlets, and they are common for nitroaryl conjugates. Understanding the excited-state dynamics of such nitroaromatics is crucial for designing strongly fluorescent electron-deficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Gadomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA USA
| | - John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Pieczykolan M, Sadowski B, Gryko DT. An Efficient Method for the Programmed Synthesis of Multifunctional Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7528-7535. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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10
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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11
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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12
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Sadowski B, Stewart DJ, Phillips AT, Grusenmeyer TA, Haley JE, Cooper TM, Gryko DT. From Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones to Quinazolinoindolizinoindolizinoquinazolines. J Org Chem 2019; 85:284-290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David J. Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Thomas M. Cooper
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Banasiewicz M, Stężycki R, Kumar GD, Krzeszewski M, Tasior M, Koszarna B, Janiga A, Vakuliuk O, Sadowski B, Gryko DT, Jacquemin D. Electronic Communication in Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles Possessing Sterically Hindered Aromatic Substituents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anita Janiga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 France
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14
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Sadowski B, Loebnitz M, Dombrowski DR, Friese DH, Gryko DT. Electron-Rich Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones: Synthesis and Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11645-11653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Theoretische und Computerchemie, Universitätsstraße 1, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis R. Dombrowski
- Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Theoretische und Computerchemie, Universitätsstraße 1, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel H. Friese
- Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Theoretische und Computerchemie, Universitätsstraße 1, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Sadowski B, Hassanein K, Ventura B, Gryko DT. Tetraphenylethylenepyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Hybrids as Solid-State Emitters: The Role of Substitution Pattern. Org Lett 2018; 20:3183-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Sadowski B, Rode MF, Gryko DT. Cover Feature: Direct Arylation of Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones Leads to Red-Emitting Dyes with Conformational Freedom (Chem. Eur. J. 4/2018). Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał F. Rode
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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17
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Sadowski B, Rode MF, Gryko DT. Direct Arylation of Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones Leads to Red-Emitting Dyes with Conformational Freedom. Chemistry 2017; 24:855-864. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał F. Rode
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Kunst J, Kopeć R, Kukołowicz P, Mojżeszek N, Sadowski B, Stolarczyk L, Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk W, Toboła A, Olko P. Mailed dosimetric audit of therapeutic proton beams using thermoluminescence MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) powder – First results. RADIAT MEAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Sadowski B, Kita H, Grzybowski M, Kamada K, Gryko DT. π-Expanded Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones with Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section Values. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7254-7264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanayo Kita
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Kansai Centre, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kenji Kamada
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Kansai Centre, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Wasilewski A, Lesniak A, Bujalska-Zadrozny M, Sadowski B, Fichna J, Sacharczuk M. The effect of opioid agonists and antagonists on gastrointestinal motility in mice selected for high and low swim stress-induced analgesia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:175-85. [PMID: 26510904 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid system in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an important physiological role, but is also responsible for the side effect of opioid drugs, including troublesome constipation in chronic pain treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize and validate a new mouse model to study the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists in the GI tract. METHODS Six-week-old male Swiss-Webster mice, divergently bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA), were used in the study. To assess the influence of opioid agonists (morphine and loperamide) and antagonists (naloxone hydrochloride, NLX and naloxone methiodide, NLXM) on GI motility, whole GI transit (whole GIT) and upper GIT assays were conducted. To evaluate the expression of opioid receptors in the ileum and colon of HA and LA mice, immune staining was performed. KEY RESULTS The effect of morphine was more pronounced in HA line, whereas loperamide exerted a stronger effect in LA mice. Furthermore, NLX and NLXM differentially abolished the inhibitory action of the central and peripheral opioid system on whole and upper GIT in HA and LA mice. The differences in GI motility between HA and LA mice coexisted with parallel changes in the expression of opioid receptors in the ileum and colon. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Differences in the activity of the endogenous opioid system are responsible for the vulnerability to changes in GI motility during treatment with opioids. Our findings validate the HA/LA model for further studies on opioids in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wasilewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Lesniak
- Department of Neuropeptide Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Sadowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Sacharczuk
- Department of Neuropeptide Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
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Abstract
Synthesis of indolizines developed during the last decade is reviewed, with special emphasis given to densely functionalized architectures, breakthrough strategies, compounds bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents and π-expanded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jan Klajn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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Tasior M, Poronik YM, Vakuliuk O, Sadowski B, Karczewski M, Gryko DT. V-Shaped Bis-Coumarins: Synthesis and Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8723-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501565r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yevgen M. Poronik
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Karczewski
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Piechowska J, Virkki K, Sadowski B, Lemmetyinen H, Tkachenko NV, Gryko DT. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in π-expanded phenazine-derived phenols. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:144-51. [PMID: 24351098 DOI: 10.1021/jp411395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two previously inaccessible analogs of 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline were prepared via a straightforward strategy comprising the formation of π-expanded phenazines skeleton followed by C-H acetoxylation at position 10. Two bis-phenols possessing C2 and D2 symmetry were obtained in yields of 52% and 15%, respectively. The occurrence of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was detected in all cases because steady state emission was observed only from the excited keto-tautomer. Additionally, a short-lived, ∼0.1 ps, emission decay was resolved by the femtosecond up-conversion technique at the blue side of the keto-tautomer emission band, 610 nm, and was attributed to the ESIPT, i.e., conversion from enol to keto tautomer. In comparison with the corresponding 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline emissions, the emission spectrum of the π-expanded phenazine analogues were weaker but displayed a characteristic bathochromically shift into NIR region. These phenazine analogues constitute one of largest heterocycles for which ESIPT was unambiguously detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Piechowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Sadowski B, Rodriguez J, Symmonds R, Roberts J, Song J, Rajab MH, Cummings C, Hodges B. Comparison of polypropylene versus polyester mesh in the Lichtenstein hernia repair with respect to chronic pain and discomfort. Hernia 2011; 15:643-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Kruegel J, Blaschke S, Beham A, Urlaub H, Bode C, Sadowski B, Koelling S, Miosge N. Migratory progenitor cells in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are driven by inflammatory mediators and sex hormones. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2010; 6:65. [PMID: 24693085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kruegel
- UMG, Tissue regeneration work group , Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - H Urlaub
- UMG, Tissue regeneration work group , Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Bode
- UMG, Tissue regeneration work group , Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Sadowski
- UMG, Tissue regeneration work group , Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Koelling
- UMG, Tissue regeneration work group , Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Miosge
- UMG, Tissue regeneration work group , Göttingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- Augenabteilung, Krankenhaus Harlaching, Klara-Heese-Strasse 14, 81545 Münich.
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Wulf GG, Sadowski B, von Bonin F, Glass B, Truemper L. Bone marrow side population (SP) cells are donor derived after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in humans. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:179-80. [PMID: 15937509 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- Augenabteilung, Krankenhaus Harlaching, Munich.
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29
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Baumeister FAM, Sadowski B, Schmitz T, Grübl A. [Alström-syndrome: a missed diagnosis with consequences]. Klin Padiatr 2003; 215:226-7. [PMID: 12929013 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alström-syndrome (OMIM: 203 800) is a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. Characteristic features are retinal degeneration, truncal obesity, diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. Further variable symptoms include chronic hepatitis and asthma. CASE REPORT A patient with asthma associated with retinal degeneration is presented. The investigations demonstrated truncated obesity, sensorineural deafness and impaired glucose tolerance and Alstrom-syndrome was diagnosed. She received hearing aids, diabetes training and is regularly reinvestigated for further manifestations of Alström-syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A M Baumeister
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München, Kinderklinik Schwabing, Munich.
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30
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Sadowski B, Kriegbaum C, Apfelstedt-Sylla E. Tamoxifen side effects, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or cancer associated retinopathy (CAR)? Eur J Ophthalmol 2001; 11:309-12. [PMID: 11681514 DOI: 10.1177/112067210101100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Differential diagnosis of maculopathies can be difficult but is important if patients also suffer from other diseases such as breast cancer treated with antiestrogens. The main possible diagnoses, especially in the elderly, are age-related macular degeneration, tamoxifen and cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR). METHODS We describe an 84-year-old patient with breast and colon cancer, who complained of a decrease in visual acuity after treatment with low-dose antiestrogens. She underwent a general ophthalmological investigation, perimetry and electroretinographic examination with multifocal (m-ERG) and flash-electroretinogram (flash-ERG). RESULTS Visual acuity was reduced to 1/50 and 0.3. The ophthalmological examination was normal, except for extensive bilateral maculopathy with shining crystalline deposits, central and peripheral visual field defects, slightly affected scotopic and photopic potentials in the flash-ERG, and an abnormal m-ERG. CONCLUSIONS The findings are expected with age-related macular degeneration with crystalline drusen, but also with CAR. Even if the single and total dosage of antiestrogens given to the patient is sufficient to cause tamoxifen retinopathy, this diagnosis can be excluded because, in tamoxifen retinopathy unlike in the case presented here, the deposits are not distributed in all retinal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- Dept of Neuro-Ophthalmology and Pathophysiology of Vision, University Eye Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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31
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Panocka I, Massi M, Lapo I, Swiderski T, Kowalczyk M, Sadowski B. Antidepressant-type effect of the NK3 tachykinin receptor agonist aminosenktide in mouse lines differing in endogenous opioid system activity. Peptides 2001; 22:1037-42. [PMID: 11445231 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist, aminosenktide on the immobility in the forced swimming test was studied in mouse lines selectively bred for divergent magnitudes of stress-induced analgesia. The high analgesia (HA) line is known to display enhanced, and the low analgesia (LA) line displays reduced activity of the opioid system. Aminosenktide at doses of 125 microg/kg or 250 microg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) reduced, in naltrexone-reversible manner, the immobility more of opioid receptor-dense HA than of unselected mice, but was ineffective in the opioid receptor-deficient LA line. The effect of aminosenktide was quite similar to the antiimmobility action of desipramine (10 mg/kg IP), a prototypic antidepressant agent. None of the compounds increased animals' locomotion as found with an open field test; therefore their antiimmobility effect cannot be attributed to a change in general motility. The results claim that aminosenktide causes an antidepressant effect, and endogenous opioids are involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panocka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 4 Warsaw, Kozielska, Poland.
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32
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Sadowski B, Grüb A, Trauzettel-Klosinski S. [Reading ability and need for reading aids, inadequate management of a nursing home population]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2000; 217:278-83. [PMID: 11146826 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In our society people are getting older and often become handicapped and immobile. Reading then is one of their main passtime and very important for their social integration and independence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-seven (6 males, 71 females) randomly chosen elderly people (age ranged from 77 to 94 years, mean: 85.5 years) staying in nursing homes were examined concerning their reading ability of newspaper print with their own reading equipment. Exclusion criteria were extensive organic diseases and impaired mental ability, such as dementia. Relevant anamnestic data, including ophthalmologic, family and social history were ascertained by questionnaire. Special attention was given to visual acuity for near distance, reading ability, motivation and personal reading aids. Further questions dealt with general diseases, medication, social contacts inside and outside the nursing homes and the former occupation of the patient. If reading of newspaper print with individual glasses was impossible, the effect of magnification was evaluated and the magnification factor was determined (Zeiss reading charts). RESULTS Thirty-eight people (45%) were unable to read with their own reading glasses. 91% of them regained reading ability by magnification, they had inadequate visual aids. 77% of this group had a magnification requirement of 1 to 3 times, 14% needed 10 to 25 times of magnification and 9% more than 25 times. Only one person had an electronic magnifying reading system (CCTV). CONCLUSION Reading aids of elderly people very frequently are insufficient. Magnification can be helpful in most cases and various magnification systems are available. With this support elderly people could regain their quality of life, their independence and socialization. Nursing costs could also be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Abteilung für Neuroophthalmologie und Pathophysiologie des Sehens, Sehbehinderten-Ambulanz, Schleichstr. 12, 72076 Tübingen
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33
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Abstract
Acoustic startle response (ASR) and open-field activity was examined in the 46th generation of mice that have been selectively bred for high analgesia (HA) and for low analgesia (LA) induced by 3-min swimming in 20 degrees C water. These lines were earlier found to differ in brain opioid receptor density and in the expression of opioid-mediated phenomena, as analgesic sensitivity to opiates and reversibility of swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA) by naloxone. For comparison, a randomly bred control (C) line was used. To measure the amplitude of ASR, the mice were exposed to 110-dB acoustic stimuli in a Coulbourn apparatus. In saline-injected mice, the ASR force was found significantly lower in the LA than in the HA, as well in the C line, but did not differ between the two last lines. Naltrexone hydrochloride (10 mg/kg IP 30 min before ASR testing) augmented the startle in the opioid receptor-dense HA line, but had no effect in the opioid receptor-deficient LA line, as well in the C line; therefore, the ASR magnitude in naltrexone-injected HA mice was significantly higher compared to the C line. HA mice displayed less activity in an open-field test; that is, they remained immobile longer in the center of the field, and thereafter performed less ambulation and less rearing against the wall compared to the LA line. Naltrexone failed to modify the open-field activity in any line. The results confirm that the pattern of ASR depends on the genetic makeup of the animals. The higher amplitude of ASR, taken together with the lower open-field activity of HA mice, can be interpreted in terms of higher anxiety level, compared to the LA line. It is suggested that the higher ASR in HA mice relies on a nonopioid mechanism, which is tonically inhibited by the opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Błaszczyk
- Nencki Institute for Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Piekarzewska A, Sadowski B, Rosochacki SJ. Alterations of brain monoamine levels in pigs exposed to acute immobilization stress. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1999; 46:197-207. [PMID: 10399478 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), as well as DA metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and the main 5HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured using the HPLC technique in 15 brain areas of control and immobilized Duroc pigs. The animals were immobilized for 5, 15, 30 and 60 min in a prone position. Control pigs displayed patterns of regional distribution of brain monoamines similar to those described in other species, especially rats and dogs. However, absolute values of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the hypothalamus were much higher than in other species. Also, in most structures, the DOPAC/DA ratio was relatively high, in comparison to a relatively low HVA/DA ratio, which suggests a species-related difference in the turnover of dopamine. The most conspicuous changes produced by immobilization stress consisted of a substantial decrease in the hypothalamic levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Dopamine and 5-HT turnover was affected in the hippocampus (cornu Ammonis), and in the raphe nuclei. These structures are proposed to play a major role in the responsiveness of pigs to acute stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piekarzewska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mroków, Poland
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the stressing role of swim hypothermia in producing swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA), we examined whether a mere decrease in the animals' core temperature without swimming would be sufficient to elicit analgesia. The subjects were Swiss-Webster mice selectively bred for 37 and 40 generations for divergent magnitudes of SSIA. High (HA) and low analgesia (LA) mice were exposed for 15 min to temperatures in the range between -5 and +20 degrees C in 79% He/21% O2 (Heliox) atmosphere. The Heliox exposure produced ambient temperature-dependent hypothermia and analgesia, as assessed with a hot-plate test (56 degrees C). The post-Heliox analgesia was of much higher magnitude in HA than in LA mice. The steeper slope of regression of the magnitude of analgesia upon hypothermia in HA mice indicates that these mice are far more sensitive to the analgesic effect of hypothermia than LA mice. Naltrexone HCl (10 mg/kg i.p.) attenuated analgesia in ambient temperature-dependent manner in HA, but not in LA mice. In view of the apparent similarity of Heliox-induced analgesia and SSIA we suggest that hypothermia is a powerful component of swim stress to induce SSIA in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mroków, Poland
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36
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Kest B, Jenab S, Brodsky M, Sadowski B, Belknap JK, Mogil JS, Inturrisi CE. Mu and delta opioid receptor analgesia, binding density, and mRNA levels in mice selectively bred for high and low analgesia. Brain Res 1999; 816:381-9. [PMID: 9878841 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined mu and delta opioid analgesia, receptor binding, and receptor mRNA levels in lines of mice from two selective breeding projects of relevance to opioid analgesia. Large differences were observed in the analgesic potency of [d-Ala2, NMPhe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), [d-Pen2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE), and [d-Ala2]deltorphin II (DELT), selective mu, delta1, and delta2 opioid receptor agonists, respectively, in mice selectively bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SIA). HAR and LAR mice, selectively bred for high and low levorphanol analgesia, respectively, display equally large differences in their analgesic sensitivity to DAMGO, modest differences in sensitivity to DPDPE, and no differences in sensitivity to DELT. These sizable genotypic differences in analgesic potency were accompanied by HA/LA and HAR/LAR differences in whole-brain homogenate [3H]DPDPE and/or [3H]DELT, but paradoxically not [3H]DAMGO, binding. Solution hybridization of mRNA extracts encoding mu (MOR-1) or delta (DOR-1) opioid receptors indicated some regional differences in gene expression between high and low lines. Surprisingly, differences in these in vitro markers were often in the direction of LAR>HAR. The present data indicate that selection for either SSIA or levorphanol analgesia produces differential effects on mu and delta opioid analgesia that are accompanied by alterations on in vitro assays, the significance of which remains to be determined. The data are discussed with regard to the utility of in vitro biological markers and genetic models of analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kest
- The College of Staten Island/City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Acute morphine dependence was compared in mice selectively-bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia and high (HAR) and low (LAR) levorphanol analgesia by counting the number of naloxone-precipitated jumps. Whereas LAR mice displayed greater acute morphine dependence than HAR mice, HA and LA mice did not differ. No genotypic differences were observed in non-dependent mice, discounting possible differences in basal naloxone sensitivity and/or opioid peptide levels. Thus, the two selection projects, while both producing lines exhibiting highly divergent sensitivity to morphine analgesia, have not had analogous effects on all opioid measures, supporting the notion of independent genetic mediation of opioid analgesia and dependence. Further, these data suggest that analgesic sensitivity may not predict sensitivity to morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kest
- Department of Psychology, The College of Staten Island/CUNY, NY 10314, USA.
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38
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Abstract
PATIENTS AND METHODS An 11-year-old girl presented because of reduced visual acuity while color vision was almost normal. Besides a general ophthalmological examination, special psychophysical tests, such as perimetry, color vision tests using pseudoisochromatic plates, arrangement tests, the Nagel anomaloscope and spectral sensitivity measurement, and electrophysiological tests (electroretinogram and electrooculogram) were conducted. RESULTS The tests yielded the following: congenital nystagm, normal results at ophthalmoscopy, best visual acuity of 0.1 monocular and 0.2 binocular. Perimetry revealed a relatively central scotoma. All color vision tests showed only mild dysfunction of the blue-sensitive cones. Findings at photopic electroretinogram were almost completely lacking. There was no sign of progression in the last 6 years. CONCLUSION Differential diagnosis includes all diseases associated with congenital nystagm, such as aniridia, diseases of the optic nerve, albinism and all forms of hereditary cone dysfunction, cone dystrophies and complete and incomplete congenital stationary monochromatism. In the present case the findings are most congruent with oligocone trichromasy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ehlich
- Augenklinik der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
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39
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Abstract
Progressive cone dystrophy (CD) is usually marked in the initial stages by reduced visual acuity, color vision deficiency and alterations in the photopic electroretinogram, while morphological alterations can be very mild; in some forms rods are affected in a later stage as well. We examined 40 patients with progressive cone dystrophy to determine the extent of functional losses in the cone system with psychophysical tests. A great variety of visual acuity and fundus alterations was found. Myopia was present in 74% of the patients. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance predominated (32%). No prevalence of gender was found. The age of onset ranged between 10 and 30 yr. All patients had progression of their symptoms. The total error score in color arrangement tests, the saturated Farnsworth Panel D-15 and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, was pathologic with a predominance of confusions along the tritan and scotopic axis. Especially if visual acuity was below 0.5, color vision defects increased, but color vision defects were also found in patients with normal visual acuity. A general decrease of sensitivity in all three cone mechanisms was observed in measurements of spectral sensitivity. Moreover, cone-cone interaction as tested by transient tritanopia measurements was usually disturbed. In the dark adaptation function the threshold of the cone branch was usually elevated. These tests provide a good means to ascertain the correct diagnosis in early stages of the disease and to monitor progression in patients suffering from cone dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- University Eye Hospital, Department of Pathophysiology of Vision and Neuroophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Abstract
The upper limits of metabolic rates and the links between maximal and resting metabolic rates in vertebrates have recently received a lot of attention, mainly due to their possible relationship to the evolution of endothermy. We measured peak metabolic rates during 3 min swimming in 20 degrees C water (Vo2swim), maximal metabolic rate (Vo2max) in -2.5 degrees C Helox, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in two lines of mice selected for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA). We found that exercise combined with heat loss used for producing SSIA also acted as a selection agent, resulting in a 15% HA/LA line difference in Vo2swim. Core body temperature of HA mice (characterized by lower Vo2swim) was also on average 3.2 degrees C lower than that of LA mice. Furthermore, Vo2max of HA mice was lower than that of LA mice by 8% and accompanied by larger hypothermia. Thus mice with exceptionally high (or low) Vo2max tended to have exceptionally high (or low) Vo2swim, resulting in a positive correlation between Vo2swim and Vo2max. All these suggest that selection for SSIA produced genetically correlated responses in both Vo2swim and Vo2max. However, we did not observe HA/LA differences in BMR. Hence, changes in resting and maximum metabolic rates are not necessarily correlated. We hypothesize that the lack of such a correlation was partially due to the modulation of metabolic responses by SSIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konarzewski
- Institute of Biology, University of Warsaw, Branch in Białystok, Poland
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41
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Lutfy K, Sadowski B, Marek P, Kwon IS, Keana JF, Weber E. Differential sensitivity of mice bred for stress-induced analgesia to morphine and ACEA-1011 in the formalin test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 54:495-500. [PMID: 8743614 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(95)02285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The antinociceptive effect of morphine, an opioid receptor agonist, and ACEA-1011, a novel NMDA receptor/glycine site antagonist, was examined in the formalin test in mice selectively bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA). A subcutaneous (SC) injection of formalin produced a biphasic nociceptive response in both lines. HA mice spent more time licking the injected paw than the LA mice in both phases of the formalin test. Morphine was equally potent in the early phase in both lines, but it was more potent in HA mice than in LA mice in the tonic late phase of the formalin test. Similarly, ACEA-1011 produced an equally potent antinociceptive effect in the early phase in both lines; however, the compound was more potent in LA mice than in HA mice in the tonic late phase of the formalin test. These data suggest that in HA mice antinociception in the tonic late phase of the formalin test is mediated largely by an opioid-mediated mechanism, whereas in the opioid-deficient LA line at least a nonopioid-mediated mechanism involving the NMDA receptor is also implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lutfy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717, USA
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42
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Abstract
The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the genetics of pain-related phenomena and illustrates the scope and power of genetic approaches to the study of pain. We focus on work performed in our laboratories in Jastrzebiec, Poland; Portland, OR; and Los Angeles, which we feel demonstrates the continuing usefulness of classical genetic approaches, especially when used in combination with newly available molecular genetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mogil
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1563, USA
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43
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Mogil JS, Kest B, Sadowski B, Belknap JK. Differential genetic mediation of sensitivity to morphine in genetic models of opiate antinociception: influence of nociceptive assay. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 276:532-44. [PMID: 8632319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several genetic mouse models of opiate sensitivity have been identified or produced in an attempt to investigate mechanisms underlying individual variation in responses to opiate drugs like morphine. The major models in use presently are the DBA/2 (DBA) versus C57BL/6 (C57) inbred strains, the recombinantly inbred CXBK strain, and mouse lines selectively bred for high- and low-magnitude antinociception after swim stress (HA and LA lines, respectively) or levorphanol administration (HAR and LAR lines, respectively). The hot-plate test, an assay of acute, thermal nociception, was used in the selection of the HA/LA and HAR/LAR lines, and has largely been used to characterize the differential opiate sensitivity of the DBA (high) and C57 (low) strains and the deficient sensitivity of the CXBK strain. There exist, however, many other nociceptive assays used with murine subjects; the most common are the tail-flick/withdrawal test, the acetic acid abdominal constriction test and the formalin test. In the present experiment, baseline nociceptive sensitivities and morphine antinociceptive dose-response relationships (0.1-10 mg/kg i.p. or s.c.) were investigated in mice of all four genetic models and in all four major nociceptive assays, with identical parameters. Results indicate a high degree of dissociation between different genetic models, which suggests that these strains differ in their nociceptive and antinociceptive sensitivities due to the effects of very different genetic and physiological mechanisms. In addition, the present findings suggest that morphine inhibits different modalities of nociception via separate mechanisms that can be genetically dissociated and independently altered. Strikingly, in HA/LA and HAR/LAR mice, we find that an inverse relationship exists with respect to morphine antinociceptive sensitivity in the hot-plate and acetic acid abdominal constriction tests, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mogil
- Research Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
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44
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Abstract
Environmental stress causes the activation of two types of endogenous pain inhibitory systems in animals: opioid analgesia is antagonized by opiate receptor blockers (e.g., naloxone and naltrexone), whereas analgesia produced by nonopioid systems is insensitive to such antagonism. A large literature documents that the parameters of the laboratory stressor will determine the neurochemical identity of the resultant analgesia. In rats, low severity stressors produce opioid analgesia and higher severity stressors produce nonopioid analgesia. A recent parametric analysis of swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA) in the female Quackenbush mouse, however, observed the opposite pattern. The present study is a parametric analysis of SSIA using a range of swim temperatures (15-38 degrees C), swim durations (45 s to 7 min), and genetic models [male Swiss-Webster mice, and mice selectively bred from this outbred strain for high (HA), low (LA), or control SSIA]. We find that in nonselected mice low severity swims (i.e., warm temperature, short duration) produce naloxone-sensitive opioid SSIA, whereas high severity swims (i.e., cold temperature, long duration) produce nonopioid SSIA. This pattern is also seen in HA mice displaying very high analgesic magnitudes, but not in LA mice displaying minimal SSIA. In the selectively bred mice, analgesia and hypothermia from forced swimming are positively correlated, but can be dissociated both genetically and neurochemically. Furthermore, swimming in body temperature (38 degrees C) water produces analgesia without concommitant hypothermia, and the increased magnitude of 38 degrees C SSIA displayed by HA mice over control levels is entirely opioid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mogil
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles 90024, USA
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45
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Kellner U, Sadowski B, Zrenner E, Foerster MH. Selective cone dystrophy with protan genotype. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36:2381-7. [PMID: 7591627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the functional defects in two male patients with progressive cone dystrophy and hybrid L-M cone pigment genes. METHODS Clinical evaluation, standard electroretinography, and electrooculography were performed in two affected patients and two family members. Measurements of spectral sensitivity and transient tritanopia were made in both patients. RESULTS In the patients, visual acuity varied between 20/50 and 20/100. The electroretinogram showed reduced flicker responses. When light adapted, a-wave amplitudes were borderline, but b-wave amplitudes were reduced severely. Electroretinography with chromatic stimuli showed a difference between well-preserved responses to green and markedly reduced responses to red stimuli. Spectral sensitivity measurement revealed a lack of L (long-wavelength sensitive; red) cone function and normal function of the S (short-wavelength sensitive; blue) and M (middle-wavelength sensitive; green) cones. Transient tritanopia was abnormal, indicating a severe disturbance of cone-cone interaction. CONCLUSIONS Progressive cone dystrophy with predominant dysfunction of L cones exists in both patients. The cone dystrophy may be caused by a rearrangement of the X-chromosome pigment gene array that is associated with the deletion of L-cone sequences and the formation of hybrid L-M cone pigment genes. It cannot be excluded, however, that both patients have protanopia and that cone dystrophy developed because of other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kellner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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46
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Rohrbach J, Wohlrab TM, Sadowski B. 4118 Biological corneal exchange—an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty and keratoprosthesis? Vision Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(95)90363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Rohrbach JM, Wohlrab TM, Sadowski B, Thiel HJ. [Biological corneal replacement--an alternative to keratoplasty and keratoprosthesis? A pilot study with heterologous hyaline cartilage in the rabbit model]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1995; 207:191-6. [PMID: 7474788 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1035366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with corneal opacity caused by diseases like okular pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson-Syndrome or burns, visual rehabilitation can only be achieved with keratoplasty or keratoprosthesis. The first has generally a poor prognosis in these circumstances, and the latter bears several problems in the postoperative course as well. A biological, corneal replacement could possibly combine the advantages offered by keratoplasty (no interaction between host tissue and plastic) and keratoprosthesis (more permanent transparency). Theoretical considerations and practical experience suggest that the best candidate would be hyaline cartilage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bovine sterni were used to obtain circular cartilage slices which were approximately 60 microns thick, having a diameter of approximately 6 mm. These slices were implanted in one eye each of 4 rabbits instead of the natural cornea. The eyes were enucleated after 8 to 29 days. RESULTS The cartilage remained so transparent that the iris and to a certain extent the fundus blood vessels could be visualized. Connective tissue served to bind the host cornea to the cartilage, but did not infiltrate the cartilage. Perforation was observed in 3 animals. The extent of epithelialization of the cartilage slices ranged form ca. 30% to 95%. None of the animals exhibited an intraocular inflammation. The cartilage did not proliferate and remained avascular. Secondary intraocular changes, with the exception of anterior synechiae, could not be detected. CONCLUSIONS A tissue for biological corneal replacement has to fulfill many requirements which to a certain extent can be achieved with the use of hyaline cartilage. Despite numerous, unsolved problems, a biological corneal replacement as an alternative to keratoplasty and keratoprosthesis in cases of corneal blindness does not seem out of imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rohrbach
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, Abteilung I (Allgemeine Augenheilkunde mit Poliklinik
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48
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Mogil JS, Flodman P, Spence MA, Sternberg WF, Kest B, Sadowski B, Liebeskind JC, Belknap JK. Oligogenic determination of morphine analgesic magnitude: a genetic analysis of selectively bred mouse lines. Behav Genet 1995; 25:397-406. [PMID: 7575370 DOI: 10.1007/bf02197290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two ongoing selective breeding projects have produced mice that display divergent analgesic responses to morphine. These two projects have selected for similar phenotypes: high and low levorphanol analgesia (HAR/LAR lines; Portland, OR) and high and low swim stress-induced analgesia (HA/LA lines; Jastrzebiec, Poland). Evidence suggests genetic commonalities between mice of the two projects. Using a Mendelian breeding protocol, we have recently found that one or two genetic loci predominantly determine the high morphine analgesia exhibited by HA mice. In the present study we demonstrate that the differential morphine analgesia (5 mg/kg, i.p.) displayed by HAR and LAR mice is similarly oligogenic, predominantly determined by two unlinked loci. A complementation analysis, in which the analgesic responses to morphine of the recessive homozygotes of each project (HAR and HA) were compared to those of their hybrid offspring (HAR x HA), revealed that different genetic loci have been fixed in each project. An intriguing bimodal distribution was observed in the HAR x HA population: Some HAR x HA hybrids displayed greater morphine analgesia than either HAR or HA mice, whereas others displayed minimal analgesia. LAR x LA hybrids displayed less analgesia than either LAR or LA mice. The analgesic responses of HAR x LA and LAR x HA mice were comparable to those of their low-line parents. These findings indicate not only that different loci were responsible for producing high morphine responders in each selection project but that these distinct loci can interact synergistically to produce "superhigh" and "superlow" responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mogil
- Research Service (151W), VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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49
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Sadowski B, Steuhl KP. [Visual acuity, refraction and color vision after implantation of foldable silicon lenses]. Ophthalmologe 1995; 92:318-24. [PMID: 7655206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of intraocular lenses through a small opening is possible with phacoemulsification and foldable silicon lenses. There is little traumatic effect, which is positive for the healing process and the postoperative results of visual acuity and refraction. Because of alteration of the optic media, deteriorated sensation is possible. We investigated 28 patients with foldable silicon lenses after phacoemulsification. Pre- and postoperatively (1 day, 1 week, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months) visual acuity and astigmatism were measured. As the testing of color vision is a sensitive method for the detection of disturbance in sensation because of altered optic media this was performed 24 months postoperatively using the pseudoisochromatic plates of Ishihara and Ichikawa and the color arrangement tests, Farnsworth Panel D-15 desaturated and the Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test. The results of this study confirm quicker rehabilitation of visual function and a lower rate of operatively induced astigmatism. A slight blue color vision deficiency results as consequence to altered optic media, but there is no effect on daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadowski
- Abteilung II: Pathophysiologie des Sehens und Neuroophthalmologie, Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen
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50
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Kest B, Brodsky M, Sadowski B, Mogil J, Inturrisi C. MU OPIOID RECEPTOR (MOR-1) mRNA LEVELS ARE ALTERED IN MICE WITH DIFFERENTIAL ANALGESIC SENSITIVITY TO THE MU AGONIST DAMGO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.3727/107156995819563492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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