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Lê Anh M, Potapov P, Wolf D, Lubk A, Glatz B, Fery A, Doert T, Ruck M. Freestanding Nanolayers of a Wide-Gap Topological Insulator through Liquid-Phase Exfoliation. Chemistry 2021; 27:794-801. [PMID: 33125781 PMCID: PMC7839554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The layered salt Bi14 Rh3 I9 is a weak three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI), that is, a stack of two-dimensional (2D) TIs. It has a wide non-trivial band gap of 210 meV, which is generated by strong spin-orbit coupling, and possesses protected electronic edge-states. In the structure, charged layers of∞ 2 [ (Bi4 Rh)3 I]2+ honeycombs and∞ 1 [ Bi2 I8 ]2- chains alternate. The non-trivial topology of Bi14 Rh3 I9 is an inherent property of the 2D intermetallic fragment. Here, the exfoliation of Bi14 Rh3 I9 was performed using two different chemical approaches: (a) through a reaction with n-butyllithium and poly(vinylpyrrolidone), (b) through a reaction with betaine in dimethylformamide at 55 °C. The former yielded few-layer sheets of the new compound Bi12 Rh3 I, while the latter led to crystalline sheets of Bi14 Rh3 I9 with a thickness down to 5 nm and edge-lengths up to several ten microns. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy proved that the structure of Bi14 Rh3 I9 remained intact. Thus, it was assumed that the particles are still TIs. Dispersions of these flakes now allow for next steps towards the envisioned applications in nanoelectronics, such as the study of quantum coherence in deposited films, the combination with superconducting particles or films for the generation of Majorana fermions, or studies on their behavior under the influence of magnetic or electric fields or in contact with various materials occurring in devices. The method presented generally allows to exfoliate layers with high specific charges and thus the use of layered starting materials beyond van der Waals crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lê Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | | | | | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz IFW Dresden01069DresdenGermany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bernhard Glatz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden01069DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmatTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids01187DresdenGermany
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Lê Anh M, Kaiser M, Ghimire MP, Richter M, Koepernik K, Gruschwitz M, Tegenkamp C, Doert T, Ruck M. The Weak 3D Topological Insulator Bi 12 Rh 3 Sn 3 I 9. Chemistry 2020; 26:15549-15557. [PMID: 32490557 PMCID: PMC7756808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Topological insulators (TIs) gained high interest due to their protected electronic surface states that allow dissipation-free electron and information transport. In consequence, TIs are recommended as materials for spintronics and quantum computing. Yet, the number of well-characterized TIs is rather limited. To contribute to this field of research, we focused on new bismuth-based subiodides and recently succeeded in synthesizing a new compound Bi12 Rh3 Sn3 I9 , which is structurally closely related to Bi14 Rh3 I9 - a stable, layered material. In fact, Bi14 Rh3 I9 is the first experimentally supported weak 3D TI. Both structures are composed of well-defined intermetallic layers of ∞ 2 [(Bi4 Rh)3 I]2+ with topologically protected electronic edge-states. The fundamental difference between Bi14 Rh3 I9 and Bi12 Rh3 Sn3 I9 lies in the composition and the arrangement of the anionic spacer. While the intermetallic 2D TI layers in Bi14 Rh3 I9 are isolated by ∞ 1 [Bi2 I8 ]2- chains, the isoelectronic substitution of bismuth(III) with tin(II) leads to ∞ 2 [Sn3 I8 ]2- layers as anionic spacers. First transport experiments support the 2D character of this material class and revealed metallic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lê Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madhav Prasad Ghimire
- Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuel Richter
- Leibniz IFW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Markus Gruschwitz
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph Tegenkamp
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Clarke SM, Walsh JPS, Amsler M, Malliakas CD, Yu T, Goedecker S, Wang Y, Wolverton C, Freedman DE. Discovery of a Superconducting Cu-Bi Intermetallic Compound by High-Pressure Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James P. S. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Maximilian Amsler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | | | - Tony Yu
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Department of Physics; Universität Basel; Kingelbergstr. 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Danna E. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Clarke SM, Walsh JPS, Amsler M, Malliakas CD, Yu T, Goedecker S, Wang Y, Wolverton C, Freedman DE. Discovery of a Superconducting Cu-Bi Intermetallic Compound by High-Pressure Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13446-13449. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James P. S. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Maximilian Amsler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | | | - Tony Yu
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Department of Physics; Universität Basel; Kingelbergstr. 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Danna E. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Rommel SM, Krach A, Peter P, Weihrich R. Conversion Reactions of Solids: From a Surprising Three-Step Mechanism towards Directed Product Formation. Chemistry 2016; 22:6333-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Michael Rommel
- Institute for Materials Resource Management; University of Augsburg; Universitätsstraße 1a 86159 Augsburg Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Krach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Philipp Peter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Richard Weihrich
- Departement of Chemistry; TU Munich; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85474 Garching Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
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Rasche B, Schnelle W, Ruck M. The Bismuth Subiodides Bi8Pt5I3and Bi16Pt11I6- Layered Metals with Covalent Platinum Networks. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kaiser M, Rasche B, Isaeva A, Ruck M. Low-Temperature Topochemical Transformation of Bi13Pt3I7into the New Layered Honeycomb Metal Bi12Pt3I5. Chemistry 2014; 20:17152-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kaiser M, Baranov AI, Ruck M. Bi2Pt(hP9) by Low-Temperature Reduction of Bi13Pt3I7: Reinvestigation of the Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding Analysis. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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