1
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Tamm NB, Guan R, Yang S, Troyanov SI. New Isolated‐Pentagon‐Rule Isomers of Fullerene C
96
Captured as Chloro Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda B. Tamm
- Chemistry Department Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) 230026 Hefei China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) 230026 Hefei China
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Chemistry Department Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 119991 Moscow Russia
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2
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Freisetzung der Spannung kondensierter Fünfringe des Fullerenkäfigs durch chemische Funktionalisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Guan R, Chen M, Jin F, Yang S. Strain Release of Fused Pentagons in Fullerene Cages by Chemical Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1048-1073. [PMID: 30884036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
According to the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), for stable fullerenes, the 12 pentagons should be isolated from one another by hexagons, otherwise the fused pentagons will result in an increase in the local steric strain of the fullerene cage. However, the successful isolation of more than 100 endohedral and exohedral fullerenes containing fused pentagons over the past 20 years has shown that strain release of fused pentagons in fullerene cages is feasible. Herein, we present a general overview on fused-pentagon-containing (i.e. non-IPR) fullerenes through an exhaustive review of all the types of fused-pentagon-containing fullerenes reported to date. We clarify how the strain of fused pentagons can be released in different manners, and provide an in-depth understanding of the role of fused pentagons in the stability, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity of fullerene cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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4
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Zhong Y, Chen Z, Du P, Cui C, Tian H, Shi X, Deng S, Gao F, Zhang Q, Gao C, Zhang X, Xie S, Huang R, Zheng L. Double Negatively Curved C
70
Growth through a Heptagon‐Involving Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zuo‐Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Peng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Cun‐Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Han‐Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiang‐Mei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shun‐Liu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou 363000 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Cong‐Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Su‐Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Rong‐Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Lan‐Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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5
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Zhong YY, Chen ZC, Du P, Cui CH, Tian HR, Shi XM, Deng SL, Gao F, Zhang Q, Gao CL, Zhang X, Xie SY, Huang RB, Zheng LS. Double Negatively Curved C 70 Growth through a Heptagon-Involving Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14095-14099. [PMID: 31237012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
All previously reported C70 isomers have positive curvature and contain 12 pentagons in addition to hexagons. Herein, we report a new C70 species with two negatively curved heptagon moieties and 14 pentagons. This unconventional heptafullerene[70] containing two symmetric heptagons, referred to as dihept-C70 , grows in the carbon arc by a theoretically supported pathway in which the carbon cluster of a previously reported C66 species undergoes successive C2 insertion via a known heptafullerene[68] intermediate with low energy barriers. As identified by X-ray crystallography, the occurrence of heptagons facilitates a reduction in the angle of the π-orbital axis vector in the fused pentagons to stabilize dihept-C70 . Chlorination at the intersection of a heptagon and two adjacent pentagons can greatly enlarge the HOMO-LUMO gap, which makes dihept-C70 Cl6 isolable by chromatography. The synthesis of dihept-C70 Cl6 offers precious clues with respect to the fullerene formation mechanism in the carbon-clustering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Cun-Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Cong-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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6
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Yamada M, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Gewinnung reaktiver Fullerene aus Ruß durch exohedrale Derivatisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-0821 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
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7
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Yamada M, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Salvaging Reactive Fullerenes from Soot by Exohedral Derivatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13394-13405. [PMID: 29665229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The awesome allotropy of carbon yields innumerable topologically possible cage structures of molecular carbon. This field is also related to endohedral metallofullerenes constructed by metal-atom encapsulation. Stable and soluble empty fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes are available in pure form in macroscopic amounts from carbon arc production or other physical processes followed by extraction and subsequent chromatographic separation. However, many other unidentified fullerene species, which must be reactive and insoluble in their pristine forms, remain in soot. These "missing" species must have extremely small HOMO-LUMO gaps and may have unconventional cage structures. Recent progress in this field has demonstrated that reactive fullerenes can be salvaged by exohedral derivatization, which can stabilize the reactive carbon cages. This concept provides a means of preparing macroscopic amounts of unconventional fullerenes as their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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8
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9
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Shangfeng Yang. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Brotsman VA, Ignat'eva DV, Troyanov SI. Chlorination-promoted Transformation of Isolated Pentagon Rule C78
into Fused-pentagons- and Heptagons-containing Fullerenes. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2379-2382. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Brotsman
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskie gory Russia
| | - Daria V. Ignat'eva
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskie gory Russia
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow Leninskie gory Russia
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11
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Wang S, Yang S, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. New Isolated-Pentagon-Rule and Skeletally Transformed Isomers of C100
Fullerene Identified by Structure Elucidation of their Chloro Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Institute of Chemistry; Humboldt University Berlin; Brook-Taylor.-Str.2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 119991 Moscow, Leninskie gory Russia
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12
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Wang S, Yang S, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. New Isolated-Pentagon-Rule and Skeletally Transformed Isomers of C100 Fullerene Identified by Structure Elucidation of their Chloro Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3451-4. [PMID: 26848074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature chlorination of C100 fullerene followed by X-ray structure determination of the chloro derivatives enabled the identification of three isomers of C100 from the fullerene soot, specifically numbers 18, 425, and 417, which obey the isolated pentagon rule (IPR). Among them, isomers C1-C100 (425) and C2-C100 (18) afforded C1-C100 (425)Cl22 and C2-C100 (18)Cl28/30 compounds, respectively, which retain their IPR cage connectivities. In contrast, isomer C2v -C100 (417) gives Cs -C100 (417)Cl28 which undergoes a skeletal transformation by the loss of a C2 fragment, resulting in the formation of a nonclassical (NC) C1-C98 (NC)Cl26 with a heptagon in the carbon cage. Most probably, two nonclassical C1-C100 (NC)Cl18/22 chloro derivatives originate from the IPR isomer C1-C100 (382), although both C1-C100 (344) and even nonclassical C1-C100 (NC) can be also considered as the starting isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor.-Str.2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie gory, Russia.
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13
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Yang S, Wei T, Scheurell K, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Chlorination-Promoted Skeletal-Cage Transformations of C88Fullerene by C2Losses and a CC Bond Rotation. Chemistry 2015; 21:15138-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Ioffe IN, Yang S, Wang S, Kemnitz E, Sidorov LN, Troyanov SI. C100 is Converted into C94 Cl22 by Three Chlorination-Promoted C2 Losses under Formation and Elimination of Cage Heptagons. Chemistry 2015; 21:4904-7. [PMID: 25677792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination of the C100 (18) fullerene with a mixture of VCl4 and SbCl5 gives rise to branched skeletal transformations affording non-classical (NC) C94 (NC1)Cl22 with one heptagon in the carbon cage together with the previously reported C96 (NC3)Cl20 with three heptagons. The three-step pathway to C94 (NC1)Cl22 starts with two successive C2 losses of 5:6 CC bonds to give two cage heptagons, whereas the third C2 loss of the 5:5 CC bond from a pentalene fragment eliminates one of the heptagons. Quantum-chemical calculations demonstrate that the two unusual skeletal transformations-creation of a heptagon in C96 (NC3)Cl20 through a Stone-Wales rearrangement and the presently reported elimination of a heptagon through C2 loss-are both characterized by relatively low activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N Ioffe
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow (Russia)
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15
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Wei T, Yang S, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Two Successive C2Losses from C86Fullerene upon Chlorination with the Formation of Non-classical C84Cl30and C82Cl30. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:559-62. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Zhang Y, Ghiassi KB, Deng Q, Samoylova NA, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Popov AA. Synthesis and Structure of LaSc2N@Cs(hept)-C80with One Heptagon and Thirteen Pentagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Zhang Y, Ghiassi KB, Deng Q, Samoylova NA, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Popov AA. Synthesis and Structure of LaSc2N@Cs(hept)-C80with One Heptagon and Thirteen Pentagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:495-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Yang S, Wei T, Wang S, Ioffe IN, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Structures of chlorinated fullerenes, IPR C₉₆Cl₂₀ and non-classical C₉₄Cl₂₈ and C₉₂Cl₃₂: evidence of the existence of three new isomers of C₉₆. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3102-5. [PMID: 25169656 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination of various HPLC fractions of C96 with a mixture of VCl4 and SbCl5 at 340-360 °C and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the products led to the identification of three new IPR isomers of C96. The C96(175) isomer forms a stable chloride, C96(175)Cl20, while chlorides of two other new isomers, C96(114) and C96(80), undergo cage shrinkage yielding C94(NC1)Cl28 and C96(NC2)Cl32 with non-classical (NC) cages. These two NC chlorides contain, respectively, one and two heptagons flanked by pairs of fused pentagons and are stabilized by chlorine attachment to the emerging pentagon-pentagon junctions. Thus, the number of the experimentally confirmed C96 isomers has reached nine, which corroborates the empirical rule that the C(6n) fullerenes exhibit particularly rich isomerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026 (China).
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