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Abu-Hashem AA, Hakami O, Amri N, Mukhrish YE, Abdelgawad AAM. Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazepines and Benzo[ f][1,3,5]triazepines and Their Biological Activity: Recent Advances and New Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:632. [PMID: 38338376 PMCID: PMC10856803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the recent progress in synthesizing seven-membered ring 1,3,5-triazepine and benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives. These derivatives can be either unsaturated, saturated, fused, or separated. This review covers strategies and procedures developed over the past two decades, including cyclo-condensation, cyclization, methylation, chlorination, alkylation, addition, cross-coupling, ring expansions, and ring-closing metathesis. This review discusses the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazepine derivatives using nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution reactions with various reagents such as o-phenylenediamine, 2-aminobenzamide, isothiocyanates, pyrazoles, thiazoles, oxadiazoles, oxadiazepines, and hydrazonoyl chloride. This article systematically presents new approaches and techniques for preparing these compounds. It also highlights the biological importance of benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives, which have been used as drugs for treating nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide researchers with the necessary information to create and develop new derivatives of these compounds as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.H.); (Y.E.M.); (A.A.M.A.)
| | | | - Nasser Amri
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.H.); (Y.E.M.); (A.A.M.A.)
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Dai Z, Zhu J, Wang J, Su W, Yang F, Zhou Q. Phosphine‐Catalyzed Chemoselective [4+3] Cycloaddition of Alminine Esters and β′‐acetoxy Allenoates for Divergent Synthesis of Azepines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Fulai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
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Chen WT, Bao WH, Ying WW, Zhu WM, Liang H, Wei WT. Copper-Promoted Tandem Radical Reaction of 2-Oxindoles with Formamides: Facile Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Urea Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen-Hui Bao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wei-Wei Ying
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen-Ming Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
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Chen J, Huang Y. Phosphine-Catalyzed Sequential [4 + 3] Domino Annulation/Allylic Alkylation Reaction of MBH Carbonates: Efficient Construction of Seven-Membered Heterocycles. Org Lett 2017; 19:5609-5612. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - You Huang
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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Li X, Xing Q, Li P, Zhao J, Li F. Three-Component Povarov Reaction with Alcohols as Alkene Precursors: Efficient Access to 2-Arylquinolines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
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Zhu C, Feng J, Zhang J. Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aza‐[4+3] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Dienes: Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Functionalized Azepines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Ze Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Zhu C, Feng J, Zhang J. Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aza‐[4+3] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines and Dienes: Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Functionalized Azepines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1351-1355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Ze Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Lin TY, Zhu CZ, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wu HH, Feng JJ, Zhang J. Regiodivergent Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloadditions of Vinyl Aziridines and Allenes: Stereospecific Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Yan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Chao-Ze Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Peichao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Hai-Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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Regiodivergent Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloadditions of Vinyl Aziridines and Allenes: Stereospecific Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10844-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Hu C, Song RJ, Hu M, Yang Y, Li JH, Luo S. [5+2] Cycloaddition of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)oxiranes with Alkynes via Epoxide Ring-Opening: A Facile Access to Azepines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10423-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
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Hu C, Song RJ, Hu M, Yang Y, Li JH, Luo S. [5+2] Cycloaddition of 2-(2-Aminoethyl)oxiranes with Alkynes via Epoxide Ring-Opening: A Facile Access to Azepines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 China
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Li T, Xu F, Li X, Wang C, Wan B. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C−C Bond Cleavage of 2H
-Azirines: A Formal [3+2+2] Cycloaddition to Fused Azepine Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2861-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Fen Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; 5 Dongfeng Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chunxiang Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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14
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Li T, Xu F, Li X, Wang C, Wan B. Ruthenium-Catalyzed C−C Bond Cleavage of 2H
-Azirines: A Formal [3+2+2] Cycloaddition to Fused Azepine Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Fen Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; 5 Dongfeng Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chunxiang Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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Zuo Z, Liu J, Nan J, Fan L, Sun W, Wang Y, Luan X. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Imine-Containing Dibenzo[b,d]azepines by a Palladium(II)-Catalyzed [5+2] Oxidative Annulation ofo-Arylanilines with Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zuo Z, Liu J, Nan J, Fan L, Sun W, Wang Y, Luan X. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Dibenzo[
b
,
d
]azepines by a Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed [5+2] Oxidative Annulation of
o
‐Arylanilines with Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15385-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
| | - Jiang Nan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
| | - Liangxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069 (China)
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