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Abu-Hashem AA, Hakami O, Amri N, Mukhrish YE, Abdelgawad AAM. Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazepines and Benzo[ f][1,3,5]triazepines and Their Biological Activity: Recent Advances and New Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:632. [PMID: 38338376 PMCID: PMC10856803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the recent progress in synthesizing seven-membered ring 1,3,5-triazepine and benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives. These derivatives can be either unsaturated, saturated, fused, or separated. This review covers strategies and procedures developed over the past two decades, including cyclo-condensation, cyclization, methylation, chlorination, alkylation, addition, cross-coupling, ring expansions, and ring-closing metathesis. This review discusses the synthesis of 1,3,5-triazepine derivatives using nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution reactions with various reagents such as o-phenylenediamine, 2-aminobenzamide, isothiocyanates, pyrazoles, thiazoles, oxadiazoles, oxadiazepines, and hydrazonoyl chloride. This article systematically presents new approaches and techniques for preparing these compounds. It also highlights the biological importance of benzo[f][1,3,5]triazepine derivatives, which have been used as drugs for treating nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide researchers with the necessary information to create and develop new derivatives of these compounds as quickly as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.H.); (Y.E.M.); (A.A.M.A.)
| | | | - Nasser Amri
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (O.H.); (Y.E.M.); (A.A.M.A.)
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Moussa Z, Perez Paz A, Khalaf MA, Judeh ZMA, Alzamly A, Samadi A, Al-Fahemi JH, Tatina MB, Al-Masri HT, Jassas RS, Ahmed SA. First Exclusive Stereo- and Regioselective Preparation of 5-Arylimino-1,3,4-Selenadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, NMR analysis, and Computational Studies. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300475. [PMID: 37495559 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Isoselenocyanates are valuable coupling partners required for preparing key chemical intermediates and biologically active molecules in an accelerated and effective way. Likewise, (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides have been employed in numerous one-step heteroannulation reactions to assemble the structural core of several various kinds of heterocyclic compounds. Here, we describe the inverse electron demand 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of isoselenocyanates with a variety of substituted (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides to generate, regioselectively and stereoselectively, a series of 5-arylimino-1,3,4-selenadiazole derivatives comprising a multitude of functional groups on both aryl rings. The synthetic method features gentle room-temperature conditions, wide substrate scope, and good to high reaction yields. The selenadiazoles were separated by gravity filtration in all instances and chemical structures were validated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and high accuracy mass spectral measurements. First conclusive molecular structure elucidation of the observed 5-arylimino-selenadiazole regioisomer was verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal-structure measurement was successfully carried out on (Z)-1-(4-(4-iodophenyl)-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one and (Z)-1-(5-((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)-4-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-selenadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one. Likewise, the (Z)-geometry of the hydrazonoyl chloride reactant was proven by X-ray diffraction studies. As representative examples, crystal-structure determination was carried out on (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chloride and (Z)-N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-oxopropanehydrazonoyl chloride. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP level were conducted to support the noted experimental findings and suggested mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alejandro Perez Paz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaher M A Judeh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.2-B1-14, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Ahmed Alzamly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jabir H Al-Fahemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madhu Babu Tatina
- Division of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Harbi Tomah Al-Masri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, P. O. Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt
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Said AI, Gajdács M, Zupkó I, Haukka M, Palkó M. Angular Regioselective Synthesis of Varied Functionalized Hexahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- a]quinazolin-9-ones and Their Antiproliferative Action. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093718. [PMID: 37175130 PMCID: PMC10180492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones capable of participating in regioselective reactions with functionally diverse hydrazonoyl chlorides towards angular regioisomers, rather than linear ones, were designed and synthesized to form stereoisomeric cis- and trans-hexahydro [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-9-ones to be tested as antitumor candidates. The angular regiochemistry of the products was verified through crystallographic experiments and NMR studies. In addition, the regioselectivity of the reaction was found to be independent of the stereochemistry of the used 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-one. Only compound 4c demonstrated satisfactory growth inhibition against all the cancer cells used among all the produced drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad I Said
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskulä, FIN-40014 Jyväskulä, Finland
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Moussa Z, Paz AP, Judeh ZMA, Alzamly A, Saadeh HA, Asghar BH, Alsaedi S, Masoud B, Almeqbaali S, Estwani S, Aljaberi A, Al-Rooqi MM, Ahmed SA. First X-ray Crystal Structure Characterization, Computational Studies, and Improved Synthetic Route to the Bioactive 5-Arylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043759. [PMID: 36835167 PMCID: PMC9965731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
N-arylcyanothioformamides are useful coupling components for building key chemical intermediates and biologically active molecules in an expedited and efficient manner. Similarly, substituted (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides have been utilized in numerous one-step heteroannulation reactions to assemble the structural core of several different types of heterocyclic compounds. Herein, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the reaction of N-arylcyanothioformamides with various substituted (Z)-2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chlorides to produce, stereoselectively and regioselectively, a range of 5-arylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives decorated with a multitude of functional groups on both aromatic rings. The synthetic methodology features mild room-temperature conditions, large substrate scope, wide array of functional groups on both reactants, and good to high reaction yields. The products were isolated by gravity filtration in all cases and structures were confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and high accuracy mass spectral analysis. Proof of molecular structure of the isolated 5-arylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazole regioisomer was obtained for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal-structure determination was carried out on (Z)-1-(5-((3-fluorophenyl)imino)-4-(4-iodophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one and (Z)-1-(4-phenyl-5-(p-tolylimino)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethan-1-one. Similarly, the tautomeric structures of the N-arylcyanothioformamides and (Z)-geometries of the 2-oxo-N-phenylpropanehydrazonoyl chloride coupling partners were proven by X-ray diffraction studies. As representative examples, crystal-structure determination was carried out on (4-ethoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl cyanide and (Z)-N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-oxopropanehydrazonoyl chloride. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVP level were carried out to rationalize the observed experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (S.A.A.); Tel.: +971-509-695-321 (Z.M.)
| | - Alejandro Perez Paz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaher M. A. Judeh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, N1.2–B1-14, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Ahmed Alzamly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haythem A. Saadeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Basim H. Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alsaedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bayan Masoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salama Almeqbaali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeda Estwani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amna Aljaberi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munirah M. Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (S.A.A.); Tel.: +971-509-695-321 (Z.M.)
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Farghaly TA, Abbas EMH, Dawood KM, El-Naggar TBA. Synthesis of 2-phenylazonaphtho[1,8-ef][1,4]diazepines and 9-(3-arylhydrazono)pyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidines as antitumor agents. Molecules 2014; 19:740-55. [PMID: 24406785 PMCID: PMC6271148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of naphtho[1,8-ef][1,4]diazepines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]perimidines were prepared starting from 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and hydrazonoyl chlorides. The structures of the products were determined on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analyses. The mechanism of formation of such products was also discussed. The prepared compounds were screened for their antitumor activity against three cell lines, namely, MCF-7, TK-10 and UACC-62, and some derivatives showed promising activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Eman M H Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Tarek B A El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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