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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane‐based anion–π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R J Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Athanasios D Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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Keshri SK, Asthana D, Chorol S, Kumar Y, Mukhopadhyay P. Appending Diverse π-Extended Acceptors with Tetrathiafulvalene/Dithiafulvalene Donors: Multistate Redox Properties, Radical Ion Generation, and Mid-IR-Absorbing Mixed-Valence States. Chemistry 2018; 24:1821-1832. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Keshri
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110 067 India
| | - Deepak Asthana
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110 067 India
| | - Sonam Chorol
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110 067 India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110 067 India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110 067 India
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Miletić T, Fermi A, Orfanos I, Avramopoulos A, De Leo F, Demitri N, Bergamini G, Ceroni P, Papadopoulos MG, Couris S, Bonifazi D. Tailoring Colors by O Annulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2017; 23:2363-2378. [PMID: 27897357 PMCID: PMC5324668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of O-doped polyaromatic hydro- carbons in which two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sub units are bridged through one or two O atoms has been achieved. This includes high-yield ring-closure key steps that, depending on the reaction conditions, result in the formation of furanyl or pyranopyranyl linkages through intramolecular C-O bond formation. Comprehensive photophysical measurements in solution showed that these compounds have exceptionally high emission yields and tunable absorption properties throughout the UV/Vis spectral region. Electrochemical investigations showed that in all cases O annulation increases the electron-donor capabilities by raising the HOMO energy level, whereas the LUMO energy level is less affected. Moreover, third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) measurements on solutions or thin films containing the dyes showed very good values of the second hyperpolarizability. Importantly, poly(methyl methacrylate) films containing the pyranopyranyl derivatives exhibited weak linear absorption and NLO absorption compared to the nonlinearity and NLO refraction, respectively, and thus revealed them to be exceptional organic materials for photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Miletić
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriestePiazzale Europa 134127TriesteItaly
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
| | - Andrea Fermi
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Namur (UNamur)61 Rue de BruxellesNamur5000Belgium
| | - Ioannis Orfanos
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Patras26504PatrasGreece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414Patras26504Greece
| | - Aggelos Avramopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and BiotechnologyNational Hellenic Research Foundation48 Vas. Constantinou AvenueAthens11635Greece
| | - Federica De Leo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Namur (UNamur)61 Rue de BruxellesNamur5000Belgium
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone TriesteS.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park34149Basovizza-TriesteItaly
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and BiotechnologyNational Hellenic Research Foundation48 Vas. Constantinou AvenueAthens11635Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Patras26504PatrasGreece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414Patras26504Greece
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriestePiazzale Europa 134127TriesteItaly
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Namur (UNamur)61 Rue de BruxellesNamur5000Belgium
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Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Dipolar Photosystems: Engineering Oriented Push-Pull Components into Double- and Triple-Channel Surface Architectures. Chemistry 2016; 22:9006-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Bolag
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials; Inner Mongolia Normal University; Hohhot P. R. China
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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Nakamura M, Tsuto K, Jomura A, Takada T, Yamana K. Donor-Acceptor Heterojunction Configurations Based on DNA-Multichromophore Arrays. Chemistry 2015; 21:11788-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Verolet Q, Soleimanpour S, Fujisawa K, Dal Molin M, Sakai N, Matile S. Design and Synthesis of Mixed Oligomers with Thiophenes, Dithienothiophene S,S-Dioxides, Thieno[3,4]pyrazines and 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazoles: Flipper Screening for Mechanosensitive Systems. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:264-7. [PMID: 26246986 PMCID: PMC4522174 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomers with large surface area and high quantum yield, that is fluorescent flippers, have been engineered into twisted push–pull oligomers to create membrane probes with high mechanosensitivity and long fluorescence lifetime. Here, the synthesis and characterization of thieno[3,4]pyrazines and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles are described in comparison with the original dithienothiophene S,S-dioxides. Dithienothiophene S,S-dioxide flippers are confirmed as the best reported so far, and poor results with single flipper probes support that two flippers are needed for the probe to really “swim”, that is, for high mechanosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Verolet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Saeideh Soleimanpour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaori Fujisawa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Dal Molin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Winiger CB, Li S, Kumar GR, Langenegger SM, Häner R. Elektronischer Energietransfer über lange Distanzen in lichtsammelnden supramolekularen Polymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Winiger CB, Li S, Kumar GR, Langenegger SM, Häner R. Long-Distance Electronic Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Supramolecular Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13609-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Charbonnaz P, Zhao Y, Turdean R, Lascano S, Sakai N, Matile S. Surface architectures built around perylenediimide stacks. Chemistry 2014; 20:17143-51. [PMID: 25331780 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Simple stacks of perylenediimides (PDIs) grown directly on solid surfaces are an intriguing starting point for the construction of multicomponent architectures because their intrinsic activity is already very high. The ability of PDI stacks to efficiently generate photocurrent originates from the strong absorption of visible light and the efficient transport of both electrons and holes after generation with light. The objective of this study was to explore whether or not the excellent performance of these remarkably simple single-channel photosystems could be further improved in more sophisticated multicomponent architectures. We report that the directional construction of strings of anions or cations along the PDI stacks does not significantly improve their activity; that is, the intrinsic activity of PDI stacks is too high to yield ion-gated photosystems. The directional construction of electron- and hole-transporting stacks of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) and oligothiophenes along the central PDI stack did not improve photocurrent generation under standard conditions either. However, the activity of double-channel photosystems increased with increasing thickness, whereas increasing charge recombination with single-channel PDI stacks resulted in decreasing activity with increasing length. Most efficient long-distance charge transport was found with double-channel photosystems composed of PDIs and NDIs. This finding suggests that over long distances, PDI stacks transport holes better than electrons, at least under the present conditions. Triple-channel photosystems built around PDI stacks with oligothiophenes and triphenylamines were less active, presumably because hole mobility in the added channels was inferior to that in the original PDI stacks, thus promoting charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Charbonnaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva (Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 22-379-3215
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