1
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Lin CH, Qin RC, Cao N, Wang D, Liu CG. Synergistic Effects of Keggin-Type Phosphotungstic Acid-Supported Single-Atom Catalysts in a Fast NH 3-SCR Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19156-19171. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beihua University, Jilin City132013, P. R. China
- Special Ammunition Research Institute, North Huaan Industry Group Co., Ltd., Qiqihar161046, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City132012, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Cheng Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beihua University, Jilin City132013, P. R. China
| | - Ning Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City132012, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beihua University, Jilin City132013, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Guang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beihua University, Jilin City132013, P. R. China
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2
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Strikingly distinctive NH 3-SCR behavior over Cu-SSZ-13 in the presence of NO 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4606. [PMID: 35941128 PMCID: PMC9360435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial Cu-exchanged small-pore SSZ-13 (Cu-SSZ-13) zeolite catalysts are highly active for the standard selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. However, their activity is unexpectedly inhibited in the presence of NO2 at low temperatures. This is strikingly distinct from the NO2-accelerated NOx conversion over other typical SCR catalyst systems. Here, we combine kinetic experiments, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to obtain direct evidence that under reaction conditions, strong oxidation by NO2 forces Cu ions to exist mainly as CuII species (fw-Cu2+ and NH3-solvated CuII with high CNs), which impedes the mobility of Cu species. The SCR reaction occurring at these CuII sites with weak mobility shows a higher energy barrier than that of the standard SCR reaction on dynamic binuclear sites. Moreover, the NO2-involved SCR reaction tends to occur at the Brønsted acid sites (BASs) rather than the CuII sites. This work clearly explains the strikingly distinctive selective catalytic behavior in this zeolite system. Cu-SSZ-13 zeolites are highly active for standard NH3-SCR, but their activity is unexpectedly inhibited in the presence of NO2. This work demonstrates that strong oxidation by NO2 forces Cu ions to exist mainly as CuII species with low mobility, which is responsible for this distinctive behavior.
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3
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Li S, Hu W, Xu Z, Yu H, Lan T, Han L, Zhang D. Revealing the Promotion Effects of Nb on Alkali Resistance of FeVO4/TiO2 Catalysts for NOx Reduction. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Li
- Shanghai University International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Shanghai University International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ziqiang Xu
- Shanghai University International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Huijun Yu
- Shanghai University International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Tianwei Lan
- Shanghai University International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lupeng Han
- Shanghai University International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- Shanghai University Department of Chemistry P.O.Box 111No. 99 Shangda Road 200444 Shanghai CHINA
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4
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Qi X, Han L, Deng J, Lan T, Wang F, Shi L, Zhang D. SO 2-Tolerant Catalytic Reduction of NO x via Tailoring Electron Transfer between Surface Iron Sulfate and Subsurface Ceria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5840-5848. [PMID: 35446019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, SO2-induced catalyst deactivation from the sulfation of active sites turns to be an intractable issue for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 at low temperatures. Herein, SO2-tolerant NOx reduction has been originally demonstrated via tailoring the electron transfer between surface iron sulfate and subsurface ceria. Engineered from the atomic layer deposition followed by the pre-sulfation method, the structure of surface iron sulfate and subsurface ceria was successfully constructed on CeO2/TiO2 catalysts, which delivered improved SO2 resistance for NOx reduction at 250 °C. It was demonstrated that the surface iron sulfate inhibited the sulfation of subsurface Ce species, while the electron transfer from the surface Fe species to the subsurface Ce species was well retained. Such an innovative structure of surface iron sulfate and subsurface ceria notably improved the reactivity of NHx species, thus endowing the catalysts with a high NOx reaction efficiency in the presence of SO2. This work unraveled the specific structure effect of surface iron sulfate and subsurface ceria on SO2-toleant NOx reduction and supplied a new point to design SO2-tolerant catalysts by modulating the unique electron transfer between surface sulfate species and subsurface oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Qi
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lupeng Han
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tianwei Lan
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyi Shi
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Department of Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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5
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Yu R, Kong H, Zhao Z, Shi C, Meng X, Xiao FS, De Baerdemaeker T, Parvulescu AN, Müller U, Zhang W. Rare‐earth Yttrium Exchanged Cu‐SSZ‐39 Zeolite with Superior Hydrothermal Stability and SO2‐Tolerance in NH3‐SCR of NOx. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Haiyu Kong
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhenchao Zhao
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chuan Shi
- Dalian University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiangju Meng
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Ulrich Müller
- BASF SE Process Research and Chemical Engineering GERMANY
| | - Weiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals No.2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian CHINA
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6
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Shan Y, Du J, Zhang Y, Shan W, Shi X, Yu Y, Zhang R, Meng X, Xiao FS, He H. Selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3: opportunities and challenges of Cu-based small-pore zeolites. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab010. [PMID: 34858603 PMCID: PMC8566184 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolites, as efficient and stable catalysts, are widely used in the environmental catalysis field. Typically, Cu-SSZ-13 with small-pore structure shows excellent catalytic activity for selective catalytic reduction of NO x with ammonia (NH3-SCR) as well as high hydrothermal stability. This review summarizes major advances in Cu-SSZ-13 applied to the NH3-SCR reaction, including the state of copper species, standard and fast SCR reaction mechanism, hydrothermal deactivation mechanism, poisoning resistance and synthetic methodology. The review gives a valuable summary of new insights into the matching between SCR catalyst design principles and the characteristics of Cu2+-exchanged zeolitic catalysts, highlighting the significant opportunity presented by zeolite-based catalysts. Principles for designing zeolites with excellent NH3-SCR performance and hydrothermal stability are proposed. On the basis of these principles, more hydrothermally stable Cu-AEI and Cu-LTA zeolites are elaborated as well as other alternative zeolites applied to NH3-SCR. Finally, we call attention to the challenges facing Cu-based small-pore zeolites that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinpeng Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wenpo Shan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Runduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangju Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Feng-Shou Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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7
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Mozgawa B, Zasada F, Fedyna M, Góra-Marek K, Tabor E, Mlekodaj K, Dědeček J, Zhao Z, Pietrzyk P, Sojka Z. Analysis of NH 3 -TPD Profiles for CuSSZ-13 SCR Catalyst of Controlled Al Distribution - Complexity Resolved by First Principles Thermodynamics of NH 3 Desorption, IR and EPR Insight into Cu Speciation*. Chemistry 2021; 27:17159-17180. [PMID: 34751471 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3 -TPD) is frequently used for probing the nature of the active sites in CuSSZ-13 zeolite for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx . Herein, we propose an interpretation of NH3 -TPD results, which takes into account the temperature-induced dynamics of NH3 interaction with the active centers. It is based on a comprehensive DFT/GGA+D and first-principles thermodynamic (FPT) modeling of NH3 adsorption on single Cu2+ , Cu+ , [CuOH]+ centers, dimeric [Cu-O-Cu]2+ , [Cu-O2 2- -Cu]2 species, segregated CuO nanocrystals and Brønsted acid sites (BAS). Theoretical TPD profiles are compared with the experimental data measured for samples of various Si/Al ratios and distribution of Al within the zeolite framework. Copper reduction, its relocation, followed by the intrazeolite olation/oxolation processes, which are concomitant with NH3 desorption, were revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and IR. DFT/FPT results show that the peaks in the desorption profiles cannot be assigned univocally to the particular Cu and BAS centers, since the observed low-, medium- and high-temperature desorption bands have contributions coming from several species, which dynamically change their speciation and redox states during NH3 -TPD experiment. Thus, a rigorous interpretation of the NH3 -TPD profiles of CuSSZ-13 in terms of the strength and concentration of the active centers of a particular type is problematic. Nonetheless, useful connections for molecular interpretation of TPD profiles can be established between the individual component peaks and the corresponding ensembles of the adsorption centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mozgawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Filip Zasada
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Fedyna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Góra-Marek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Tabor
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academic Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Kinga Mlekodaj
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academic Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dědeček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academic Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, P. R. China
| | - Piotr Pietrzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sojka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Hu W, Selleri T, Gramigni F, Fenes E, Rout KR, Liu S, Nova I, Chen D, Gao X, Tronconi E. On the Redox Mechanism of Low-Temperature NH 3 -SCR over Cu-CHA: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reduction Half Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7197-7204. [PMID: 33400829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cu-CHA is the state-of-the-art catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx in vehicle applications. Although extensively studied, diverse mechanistic proposals still stand in terms of the nature of active Cu-ions and reaction pathways in SCR working conditions. Herein we address the redox mechanism underlying Low-Temperature (LT) SCR on Cu-CHA by an integration of chemical-trapping techniques, transient-response methods, operando UV/Vis-NIR spectroscopy with modelling tools based on transient kinetic analysis and density functional theory calculations. We show that the rates of the Reduction Half-Cycle (RHC) of LT-SCR display a quadratic dependence on CuII , thus questioning mechanisms based on isolated CuII -ions. We propose, instead, a CuII -pair mediated LT-RHC pathway, in which NO oxidative activation to mobile nitrite-precursor intermediates accounts for CuII reduction. These results highlight the role of dinuclear Cu complexes not only in the oxidation part of LT-SCR, but also in the RHC reaction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tommaso Selleri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Gramigni
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Endre Fenes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 4, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kumar R Rout
- Kinetic and Catalysis, SINTEF Industry, Sem Saelands Vei 2A, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Isabella Nova
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Saelands vei 4, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Enrico Tronconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156, Milano, Italy
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9
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Yang G, Ran J, Du X, Wang X, Ran Z, Chen Y, Zhang L, Crittenden J. Understanding the nature of NH 3-coordinated active sites and the complete reaction schemes for NH 3-SCR using Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4700-4710. [PMID: 33595551 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cu-SAPO-34 zeolite catalysts show excellent NH3-SCR performance at low temperature, which is due to the catalytic capacity of copper species. Isolated CuII ions and CuIIOH are active sites, but their nature and role are not fully understood. This paper reports the DFT calculations in combination with ab initio thermodynamics to investigate NH3 and H2O coordination to copper species under typical NH3-SCR reaction conditions. In the reduction part of the NH3-SCR reaction, NH2NO and NH4NO2 intermediates will form on CuII-2NH3/3NH3 and CuIIOH-2NH3 complexes, respectively. The Brønsted acid sites are crucial for the decomposition of these intermediates, rather than copper species. Furthermore, the decomposition of NH2NO is more energetically favorable than NH4NO2 which are formed on the Brønsted acid sites. In the re-oxidation part of the NH3-SCR reaction, O2 dissociation and NO2 formation occur on CuI-2NH3 complexes in the presence of NO, and the regeneration of CuIIOH-2NH3 requires the participation of H2O. The proposed complete mechanisms highlight the importance of ligand coordinated copper species for intermediate formation and O2 activation in NH3-SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Jingyu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Xuesen Du
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Xiangmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Zhilin Ran
- School of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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10
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Hu W, Selleri T, Gramigni F, Fenes E, Rout KR, Liu S, Nova I, Chen D, Gao X, Tronconi E. On the Redox Mechanism of Low‐Temperature NH
3
‐SCR over Cu‐CHA: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reduction Half Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Tommaso Selleri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Federica Gramigni
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Endre Fenes
- Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Sem Sælands vei 4 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Kumar R. Rout
- Kinetic and Catalysis SINTEF Industry Sem Saelands Vei 2A 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Isabella Nova
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Sem Sælands vei 4 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Enrico Tronconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
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11
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Zhu N, Shan Y, Shan W, Sun Y, Liu K, Zhang Y, He H. Distinct NO 2 Effects on Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SSZ-39 in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x with NH 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15499-15506. [PMID: 33200925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SSZ-39, with similar structures, are both highly active and hydrothermally stable in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR), attracting great attention for applications on diesel vehicles. In this study, it was interestingly found that NO2 has distinct effects on the NOx conversion over Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SSZ-39, with an inhibiting effect for Cu-SSZ-13 but a promoting effect for Cu-SSZ-39. The distinct NO2 effects were found to be associated with the differences in the reactivity of surface NH4NO3, a key intermediate for NH3-SCR, on these two Cu-based small-pore zeolites. Cu-SSZ-13 has excellent standard SCR activity, but the reactivity of surface NH4NO3 with NO is relatively low, which would induce the accumulation of NH4NO3 on the surface and thus inhibit NOx conversion. Surface Brønsted acid sites play key roles in the reduction of surface NH4NO3 by NO, and Cu-SSZ-39 showed much higher surface acidity than Cu-SSZ-13. Compared with Cu-SSZ-13, the intrinsic standard SCR activity of Cu-SSZ-39 was lower but NH4NO3 could be reduced by NO rapidly on Cu-SSZ-39, even faster than the reduction of NO by the adsorbed NH3 on Cu active sites; thus, NOx conversion was promoted by NO2 on Cu-SSZ-39. This work provides an improved understanding of fast SCR on Cu-based small-pore zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulong Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenpo Shan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Hong He
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Ye X, Schmidt JE, Wang R, van Ravenhorst IK, Oord R, Chen T, de Groot F, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Deactivation of Cu-Exchanged Automotive-Emission NH 3 -SCR Catalysts Elucidated with Nanoscale Resolution Using Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15610-15617. [PMID: 32011783 PMCID: PMC7522683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of catalyst durability for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with an ammonia reductant, we employed scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) to study Cu-exchanged zeolites with the CHA and MFI framework structures before and after simulated 135 000-mile aging. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements were performed at the Al K- and Cu L-edges. The local environment of framework Al, the oxidation state of Cu, and geometric changes were analyzed, showing a multi-factor-induced catalytic deactivation. In Cu-exchanged MFI, a transformation of CuII to CuI and Cux Oy was observed. We also found a spatial correlation between extra-framework Al and deactivated Cu species near the surface of the zeolite as well as a weak positive correlation between the amount of CuI and tri-coordinated Al. By inspecting both Al and Cu in fresh and aged Cu-exchanged zeolites, we conclude that the importance of the preservation of isolated CuII sites trumps that of Brønsted acid sites for NH3 -SCR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ye
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE)Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Nankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Joel E. Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ru‐Pan Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ilse K. van Ravenhorst
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Tiehong Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE)Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Nankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Frank de Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis GroupDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584CGUtrechtNetherlands
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13
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Zengel D, Koch P, Torkashvand B, Grunwaldt J, Casapu M, Deutschmann O. Emission of Toxic HCN During NO x Removal by Ammonia SCR in the Exhaust of Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14423-14428. [PMID: 32391644 PMCID: PMC7497226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions is one of the most stringent priorities of our society to minimize their dramatic effects on health and environment. Natural gas (NG) engines, in particular at lean conditions, emit less CO2 in comparison to combustion engines operated with liquid fuels but NG engines still require emission control devices for NOx removal. Using state-of-the-art technologies for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 , we evaluated the interplay of the reducing agent NH3 and formaldehyde, which is always present in the exhaust of NG engines. Our results show that a significant amount of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is formed. All catalysts tested partially convert formaldehyde to HCOOH and CO. Additionally, they form secondary emissions of HCN due to catalytic reactions of formaldehyde and its oxidation intermediates with NH3 . With the present components of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system the HCN emissions are not efficiently converted to non-polluting gases. The development of more advanced catalyst formulations with improved oxidation activity is mandatory to solve this novel critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Zengel
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Pirmin Koch
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Bentolhoda Torkashvand
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEngesserstr. 2076131KarlsruheGermany
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14
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Zengel D, Koch P, Torkashvand B, Grunwaldt J, Casapu M, Deutschmann O. Freisetzung von toxischem HCN bei der Stickoxidreduktion mittels NH
3
‐SCR in mager betriebenen Erdgasmotoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Zengel
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Pirmin Koch
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Bentolhoda Torkashvand
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Maria Casapu
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 20 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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15
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Villamaina R, Iacobone U, Nova I, Ruggeri MP, Collier J, Thompsett D, Tronconi E. Low‐T CO Oxidation over Cu−CHA Catalysts in Presence of NH
3
: Probing the Mobility of Cu
II
Ions and the Role of Multinuclear Cu
II
Species. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Villamaina
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Process Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via Giuseppe La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Umberto Iacobone
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Process Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via Giuseppe La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Isabella Nova
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Process Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via Giuseppe La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Maria Pia Ruggeri
- Emission Control Department Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blounts Court Road Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - Jillian Collier
- Emission Control Department Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blounts Court Road Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - David Thompsett
- Emission Control Department Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blounts Court Road Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - Enrico Tronconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Process Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano Via Giuseppe La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
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16
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Liu C, Kubota H, Amada T, Kon K, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Ueda K, Ohyama J, Satsuma A, Tanigawa T, Tsunoji N, Sano T, Shimizu K. In Situ
Spectroscopic Studies on the Redox Cycle of NH
3
−SCR over Cu−CHA Zeolites. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Hiroe Kubota
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takehiro Amada
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kenichi Kon
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and BatteriesKyoto University Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kakuya Ueda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Junya Ohyama
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and BatteriesKyoto University Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyKumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Atsushi Satsuma
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and BatteriesKyoto University Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Takuya Tanigawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Nao Tsunoji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Tsuneji Sano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Shimizu
- Institute for CatalysisHokkaido University N-21, W-10 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and BatteriesKyoto University Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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17
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Ye X, Schmidt JE, Wang R, Ravenhorst IK, Oord R, Chen T, Groot F, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Deactivation of Cu‐Exchanged Automotive‐Emission NH
3
‐SCR Catalysts Elucidated with Nanoscale Resolution Using Scanning Transmission X‐ray Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Joel E. Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Ru‐Pan Wang
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Ilse K. Ravenhorst
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Ramon Oord
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Tiehong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Frank Groot
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht Netherlands
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18
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Clark AH, Nuguid RJG, Steiger P, Marberger A, Petrov AW, Ferri D, Nachtegaal M, Kröcher O. Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH
3
on Cu−SSZ‐13: Deciphering the Low and High‐temperature Rate‐limiting Steps by Transient XAS Experiments. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Jeremiah G. Nuguid
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Science and EngineeringÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Patrick Steiger
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Science and EngineeringÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Adrian Marberger
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Science and EngineeringÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Science and EngineeringÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Chen M, Sun Q, Yang G, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yu J. Enhanced Performance for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO
x
with NH
3
over Nanosized Cu/SAPO‐34 Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Guoju Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
- International Center of Future ScienceJilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
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20
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Li G, Pidko EA. The Nature and Catalytic Function of Cation Sites in Zeolites: a Computational Perspective. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanna Li
- Department Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Department Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629 HZ The Netherlands
- ITMO University Lomonosova str. 9 St. Petersburg 191002 Russia
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21
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Negri C, Hammershøi PS, Janssens TVW, Beato P, Berlier G, Bordiga S. Investigating the Low Temperature Formation of Cu II -(N,O) Species on Cu-CHA Zeolites for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x. Chemistry 2018; 24:12044-12053. [PMID: 30019783 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we show the potentiality of operando FTIR spectroscopy to follow the formation of CuII -(N,O) species on Cu exchanged chabazite zeolites (Cu-CHA), active for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3 -SCR). In particular, we investigated the reaction of NO and O2 at low temperature (200 and 50 °C) on a series of Cu-CHA zeolites with different composition (Si/Al and Cu/Al ratios), to investigate the nature of the formed copper nitrates, which have been proposed to be key intermediates in the oxidation part of the SCR cycle. Our results show that chelating bidentate nitrates are the main structures formed at 200 °C. At lower temperature a mixture of chelating and monodentate nitrates are formed, together with the nitrosonium ion NO+ , whose amount was found to be proportional to the zeolite Brønsted site concentration. Nitrates were found to mainly form with CuII ions stabilized by one negative framework charge (Z), Z-[Cu(OH]I or Z-[Cu(O2 ]I , without involvement of Z2 -CuII ones. This evidence, together with the absence of bridging nitrates in samples with high probability for Cu-Cu pairs, indicate that the nitrate ligands are not able to mobilize copper ions, at variance with what recently reported for NH3 . Finally, water was found to replace preformed chelating copper nitrates and deplete NO+ (though with different kinetics) at both temperatures, while favouring the presence of monodentate ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Negri
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM Reference Center and NIS Center, University of Turin, Address Via Giuria 7, I-10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter S Hammershøi
- Umicore Denmark ApS, Nøjsomhedsvej 20, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ton V W Janssens
- Umicore Denmark ApS, Nøjsomhedsvej 20, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Gloria Berlier
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM Reference Center and NIS Center, University of Turin, Address Via Giuria 7, I-10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM Reference Center and NIS Center, University of Turin, Address Via Giuria 7, I-10135, Turin, Italy
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22
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Wang C, Li K, Liu S, Li X, Chen J, Li J. Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO
x
with Ammonia over Copper Ion Exchanged SAPO-47 Zeolites in a Wide Temperature Range. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Yue Peng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Chizhong Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Kezhi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Xiansheng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution, Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
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23
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Godiksen A, Isaksen OL, Rasmussen SB, Vennestrøm PNR, Mossin S. Site-Specific Reactivity of Copper Chabazite Zeolites with Nitric Oxide, Ammonia, and Oxygen. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Godiksen
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Oliver L. Isaksen
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | | | | | - Susanne Mossin
- Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; Kemitorvet 207 2800 Lyngby Denmark
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24
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Radio-Frequency-Controlled Urea Dosing for NH₃-SCR Catalysts: NH₃ Storage Influence to Catalyst Performance under Transient Conditions. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17122746. [PMID: 29182589 PMCID: PMC5751734 DOI: 10.3390/s17122746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current developments in exhaust gas aftertreatment led to a huge mistrust in diesel driven passenger cars due to their NOx emissions being too high. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia (NH₃) as reducing agent is the only approach today with the capability to meet upcoming emission limits. Therefore, the radio-frequency-based (RF) catalyst state determination to monitor the NH₃ loading on SCR catalysts has a huge potential in emission reduction. Recent work on this topic proved the basic capability of this technique under realistic conditions on an engine test bench. In these studies, an RF system calibration for the serial type SCR catalyst Cu-SSZ-13 was developed and different approaches for a temperature dependent NH₃ storage were determined. This paper continues this work and uses a fully calibrated RF-SCR system under transient conditions to compare different directly measured and controlled NH₃ storage levels, and NH₃ target curves. It could be clearly demonstrated that the right NH₃ target curve, together with a direct control on the desired level by the RF system, is able to operate the SCR system with the maximum possible NOx conversion efficiency and without NH₃ slip.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 P.R. China
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26
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Andersen CW, Borfecchia E, Bremholm M, Jørgensen MRV, Vennestrøm PNR, Lamberti C, Lundegaard LF, Iversen BB. Redox-Driven Migration of Copper Ions in the Cu-CHA Zeolite as Shown by the In Situ PXRD/XANES Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10367-10372. [PMID: 28670829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Using quasi-simultaneous in situ PXRD and XANES, the direct correlation between the oxidation state of Cu ions in the commercially relevant deNOx NH3 -SCR zeolite catalyst Cu-CHA and the Cu ion migration in the zeolitic pores was revealed during catalytic activation experiments. A comparison with recent reports further reveals the high sensitivity of the redox-active centers concerning heating rates, temperature, and gas environment during catalytic activation. Previously, Cu+ was confirmed present only in the 6R. Results verify a novel 8R monovalent Cu site, an eventually large Cu+ presence upon heating to high temperatures in oxidative conditions, and demonstrate the unique potential in combining in situ PXRD and XANES techniques, with which both oxidation state and structural location of the redox-active centers in the zeolite framework could be tracked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Welzel Andersen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Haldor Topsøe A/S, Haldor Topsøes Allé 1, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, NIS and CrisDI interdepartmental centers, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Martin Bremholm
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,MAX IV Laboratory, Fotongatan 2, 225 92, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and CrisDI interdepartmental centers, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.,IRC "Smart Materials", Southern Federal University, Zorge Street 5, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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27
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Andersen CW, Borfecchia E, Bremholm M, Jørgensen MRV, Vennestrøm PNR, Lamberti C, Lundegaard LF, Iversen BB. Redox-Driven Migration of Copper Ions in the Cu-CHA Zeolite as Shown by the In Situ PXRD/XANES Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Welzel Andersen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO; Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Haldor Topsøe A/S; Haldor Topsøes Allé 1 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry; NIS and CrisDI interdepartmental centers; University of Turin; Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Martin Bremholm
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO; Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Mads Ry Vogel Jørgensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO; Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- MAX IV Laboratory; Fotongatan 2 225 92 Lund Sweden
| | | | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry; NIS and CrisDI interdepartmental centers; University of Turin; Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
- IRC “Smart Materials”; Southern Federal University; Zorge Street 5 344090 Rostov-on-Don Russia
| | | | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO; Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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Radio-Frequency-Based NH₃-Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst Control: Studies on Temperature Dependency and Humidity Influences. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071615. [PMID: 28704929 PMCID: PMC5539605 DOI: 10.3390/s17071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The upcoming more stringent automotive emission legislations and current developments have promoted new technologies for more precise and reliable catalyst control. For this purpose, radio-frequency-based (RF) catalyst state determination offers the only approach for directly measuring the NH3 loading on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts and the state of other catalysts and filter systems. Recently, the ability of this technique to directly control the urea dosing on a current NH3 storing zeolite catalyst has been demonstrated on an engine dynamometer for the first time and this paper continues that work. Therefore, a well-known serial-type and zeolite-based SCR catalyst (Cu-SSZ-13) was investigated under deliberately chosen high space velocities. At first, the full functionality of the RF system with Cu-SSZ-13 as sample was tested successfully. By direct RF-based NH3 storage control, the influence of the storage degree on the catalyst performance, i.e., on NOx conversion and NH3 slip, was investigated in a temperature range between 250 and 400 °C. For each operation point, an ideal and a critical NH3 storage degree was found and analyzed in the whole temperature range. Based on the data of all experimental runs, temperature dependent calibration functions were developed as a basis for upcoming tests under transient conditions. Additionally, the influence of exhaust humidity was observed with special focus on cold start water and its effects to the RF signals.
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29
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Selleri T, Ruggeri MP, Nova I, Tronconi E. The Low Temperature Interaction of NO + O2 with a Commercial Cu-CHA Catalyst: A Chemical Trapping Study. Top Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-016-0543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Siahrostami S, Falsig H, Beato P, Moses PG, Nørskov JK, Studt F. Exploring Scaling Relations for Chemisorption Energies on Transition-Metal-Exchanged Zeolites ZSM-22 and ZSM-5. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Siahrostami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNCAT; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Hanne Falsig
- Haldor Topsøe A/S; Nymøllevej 55 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Pablo Beato
- Haldor Topsøe A/S; Nymøllevej 55 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | | | - Jens K. Nørskov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNCAT; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Felix Studt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNCAT; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305 USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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31
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Xu R, Zhang R, Liu N, Chen B, Zhang Qiao S. Template Design and Economical Strategy for the Synthesis of SSZ-13 (CHA-Type) Zeolite as an Excellent Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOxby Ammonia. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruinian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Runduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Biaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Shi Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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32
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Ruggeri MP, Selleri T, Colombo M, Nova I, Tronconi E. Investigation of NO2 and NO interaction with an Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst by transient response methods and chemical trapping techniques. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Göltl F, Sautet P, Hermans I. Can Dynamics Be Responsible for the Complex Multipeak Infrared Spectra of NO Adsorbed to Copper(II) Sites in Zeolites? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7799-804. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Göltl F, Sautet P, Hermans I. Verursacht Dynamik das komplexe Infrarotspektrum von NO an Kupfer(II)-Zentren in Zeolithen? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Shan W, Song H. Catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 at low temperature. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review presents recent studies on low-temperature NH3-SCR catalysts, particularly Mn-based oxides, V2O5/AC, and Cu-based small pore zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpo Shan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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