1
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi 3 ) 2- Anions (Tr=Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210683. [PMID: 36008351 PMCID: PMC9825972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the charge of Zintl anions by (element-)organic substituents allows their use as sources of (semi)metal nanostructures in common organic solvents, as realized for group 15 anions or Ge9 4- and Sn9 4- . We developed a new strategy for other anions, using low-coordinate 3d metal complexes as electrophiles. [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of (TrBi3 )2- anions dissolved in situ in Et2 O and/or THF when reacted with [Mn(hmds)2 ]. Work-up afforded soluble [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (TlBi3 )]2- (in 1), [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (Bi2 )]2- (in 2), and [{(hmds)Mn}4 (Bi2 )2 ]2- (in 3) (crypt-222=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane; Tr=Ga, In, Tl; hmds=N(SiMe3 )2 ), representing rare cases of Zintl clusters with open-shell metal atoms. 1 comprises the first coordination compound of the (TlBi3 )2- anion, 2 features a diamond-shaped {Pn2 M2 } unit, and 3 is a mixed-valent MnI /MnII compound. The uncommon electronic structures in 1-3 and magnetic coupling were studied by comprehensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
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2
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Beuthert K, Pan F, Guggolz L, Wilson RJ, Hempelmann J, Dronskowski R, Dehnen S. Between Elemental Match and Mismatch: From K 12 Ge 3.5 Sb 6 to Salts of (Ge 2 Sb 2 ) 2- , (Ge 4 Sb 12 ) 4- , and (Ge 4 Sb 14 ) 4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207232. [PMID: 35833677 PMCID: PMC9796001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solid mixture "K2 GeSb" was shown to comprise single-crystalline K12 Ge3.5 Sb6 (1), a double salt of K5 [GeSb3 ] with carbonate-like [GeSb3 ]5- anions, and the metallic Zintl phase K2 Ge1.5 . Extraction of 1 with ethane-1,2-diamine in the presence of crypt-222 afforded [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of several novel binary Zintl anions: (Ge2 Sb2 )2- (in 2), (Ge4 Sb12 )4- (in 3), and in the presence of [AuMePPh3 ] also (Ge4 Sb14 )4- (in 4). The anion in 2 represents a predicted, yet heretofore missing pseudo-tetrahedral anion. 4 comprises a cluster analogous to (Ge4 Bi14 )4- and (Ga2 Bi16 )4- , and thus one of the most Sb-rich binary p-block anions. The unprecedented cluster topology in 3 can be viewed as a defect-version of the one in 4 upon following a "dead end" of cluster growth. The findings indicate that Ge and Sb atoms are at the border of a well-matching and a mismatch elemental combination. We discuss the syntheses, the geometric structures, and the electronic structures of the new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Jan Hempelmann
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BlvdNanshan District, ShenzhenChina
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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3
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi3)2– Anions (Tr = Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}2]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | | | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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4
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Beuthert K, Pan F, Guggolz L, Wilson RJ, Hempelmann J, Dronskowski R, Dehnen S. Between Elemental Match and Mismatch: From K12Ge3.5Sb6 to Salts of (Ge2Sb2)2−, (Ge4Sb12)4−, and (Ge4Sb14)4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Beuthert
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Fuxing Pan
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jan Hempelmann
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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5
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Pan F, Lukanowski M, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Tetrahedral [Sb(AuMe)
4
]
3−
Occurring in Multimetallic Cluster Syntheses: About the Structure‐Directing Role of Methyl Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Marcel Lukanowski
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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6
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Pan F, Lukanowski M, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Tetrahedral [Sb(AuMe) 4 ] 3- Occurring in Multimetallic Cluster Syntheses: About the Structure-Directing Role of Methyl Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25042-25047. [PMID: 34476877 PMCID: PMC9298313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The anion of [K(crypt-222)]3 [Sb(AuMe)4 ]⋅py (1; crypt-222=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane; py=pyridine) represents a rare example of a homoleptic heavy p-block metal atom being surrounded by four free-standing transition metal complex fragments, and the third example for a corresponding Sb compound. In contrast to all reported complexes of this type, the transition metal atoms possess twofold coordination only, hence the complex as a whole does not exhibit significant steric shielding or further linkage of the metal atoms. This is reflected in a high flexibility, as confirmed by slight deviations from a tetrahedral coordination of the Sb atom in the crystal and soft vibrational modes. An alternative pyramidal conformer, observed for a related arsenic compound with terminal phosphine ligands, is apparently disfavored owing to electron correlation effects. The compound is formed in a reaction that in another solvent or at other reactant concentrations yields salts of ternary cluster anions. By a combined experimental and theoretical study of different reaction conditions and previously unidentified side-products, we provide insight into multimetallic cluster synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Marcel Lukanowski
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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7
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Pan F, Guggolz L, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Atom Exchange Versus Reconstruction: (Ge x As 4-x ) x- (x=2, 3) as Building Blocks for the Supertetrahedral Zintl Cluster [Au 6 (Ge 3 As)(Ge 2 As 2 ) 3 ] 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16638-16643. [PMID: 32648322 PMCID: PMC7540319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Zintl anion (Ge2 As2 )2- represents an isostructural and isoelectronic binary counterpart of yellow arsenic, yet without being studied with the same intensity so far. Upon introducing [(PPh3 )AuMe] into the 1,2-diaminoethane (en) solution of (Ge2 As2 )2- , the heterometallic cluster anion [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]3- is obtained as its salt [K(crypt-222)]3 [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]⋅en⋅2 tol (1). The anion represents a rare example of a superpolyhedral Zintl cluster, and it comprises the largest number of Au atoms relative to main group (semi)metal atoms in such clusters. The overall supertetrahedral structure is based on a (non-bonding) octahedron of six Au atoms that is face-capped by four (Gex As4-x )x- (x=2, 3) units. The Au atoms bind to four main group atoms in a rectangular manner, and this way hold the four units together to form this unprecedented architecture. The presence of one (Ge3 As)3- unit besides three (Ge2 As2 )2- units as a consequence of an exchange reaction in solution was verified by detailed quantum chemical (DFT) calculations, which ruled out all other compositions besides [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]3- . Reactions of the heavier homologues (Tt2 Pn2 )2- (Tt=Sn, Pb; Pn=Sb, Bi) did not yield clusters corresponding to that in 1, but dimers of ternary nine-vertex clusters, {[AuTt5 Pn3 ]2 }4- (in 2-4; Tt/Pn=Sn/Sb, Sn/Bi, Pb/Sb), since the underlying pseudo-tetrahedral units comprising heavier atoms do not tend to undergo the said exchange reactions as readily as (Ge2 As2 )2- , according to the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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8
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Pan F, Guggolz L, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Atom Exchange Versus Reconstruction: (Ge
x
As
4−
x
)
x
−
(
x=
2, 3) as Building Blocks for the Supertetrahedral Zintl Cluster [Au
6
(Ge
3
As)(Ge
2
As
2
)
3
]
3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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9
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Lichtenberger N, Franzke YJ, Massa W, Weigend F, Dehnen S. The Identity of “Ternary” A/Tl/Pb or K/Tl/Bi Solid Mixtures and Binary Zintl Anions Isolated From Their Solutions. Chemistry 2018; 24:12022-12030. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Yannick J. Franzke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Physical Chemistry Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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10
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Řičica T, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Jambor R. Synthesis of N→Ga Coordinated Gallium(II)–Gallium(II) Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řičica
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
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11
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Abstract
This review article provides a survey of contemporary investigations on main group metal cluster formation, addressing homo- and heterometallic clusters (including small numbers of transition metal atoms), with or without an external ligand shell, thereby excluding clusters with non-metal atoms as bridging ligands. Most of the studies reflected herein represent insights into the formation of intermediates from the starting material, or the final cluster formation from established intermediates. In rare cases, the entire process was suggested as a result of comprehensive, multi-method elucidations. The article is to be understood as a state-of-the-art report, as the subject matter is currently a rising field of research, which is still in its infancy, despite some early activities that date back to the 1980s. At the same time, the article intends to point toward both the importance and the feasibility of according studies, in order to encourage researchers to gain even more knowledge in this field. Only deep understanding of cluster formation will allow for design, and ultimately control, of their syntheses, with the long-term goal of their optimization and purposeful application in catalysis or novel material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35043, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Gardner BM, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Tuna F, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Actinide-Pnictide (An-Pn) Bonds Spanning Non-Metal, Metalloid, and Metal Combinations (An=U, Th; Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1332-1336. [PMID: 29232498 PMCID: PMC5814731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation is presented of the compounds [An(TrenDMBS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] and [An(TrenTIPS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] [TrenDMBS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi; An=Th, Pn=P, As; TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri3 )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb; An=Th, Pn=P, As, Sb]. The U-Sb and Th-Sb moieties are unprecedented examples of any kind of An-Sb molecular bond, and the U-Bi bond is the first two-centre-two-electron (2c-2e) one. The Th-Bi combination was too unstable to isolate, underscoring the fragility of these linkages. However, the U-Bi complex is the heaviest 2c-2e pairing of two elements involving an actinide on a macroscopic scale under ambient conditions, and this is exceeded only by An-An pairings prepared under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions. Thermolysis and photolysis experiments suggest that the U-Pn bonds degrade by homolytic bond cleavage, whereas the more redox-robust thorium compounds engage in an acid-base/dehydrocoupling route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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13
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Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Gardner BM, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Tuna F, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Actinide-Pnictide (An−Pn) Bonds Spanning Non-Metal, Metalloid, and Metal Combinations (An=U, Th; Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Wildman
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr.31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr.31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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14
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Liu C, Popov IA, Li L, Li N, Boldyrev AI, Sun Z. [Co
2
@Ge
16
]
4−
: Localized versus Delocalized Bonding in Two Isomeric Intermetalloid Clusters. Chemistry 2017; 24:699-705. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
| | - Ning Li
- Rigaku (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Beijing 100044 China
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Jilin 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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15
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Knies M, Kaiser M, Isaeva A, Müller U, Doert T, Ruck M. The Intermetalloid Cluster Cation (CuBi8)3+. Chemistry 2017; 24:127-132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Knies
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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16
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Lichtenberger N, Spang N, Eichhöfer A, Dehnen S. Between Localization and Delocalization: Ru(cod) 2+ Units in the Zintl Clusters [Bi 9 {Ru(cod)} 2 ] 3- and [Tl 2 Bi 6 {Ru(cod)}] 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13253-13258. [PMID: 28834005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [K(crypt-222)]2 (TlBi3 )⋅0.5 en (1 b) with [Ru(cod)(H2 CC(Me)CH2 )2 ] (A) in 1,2-diaminoethane (en) led to the formation of two compounds with new bismuth-rich cluster anions, [K(crypt-222)]3 [Bi9 {Ru(cod)}2 ]⋅1.5 en (2) and [K(crypt-222)]2 [Tl2 Bi6 {Ru(cod)}]⋅2 tol (3), alongside the salt of a binary nido cluster, [K(crypt-222)]3 (Tl4 Bi5 )⋅2 en (4). The anions in 2 and 3 are two further examples of rare heterometallic clusters containing Ru atoms. As one cod ligand is retained on each Ru atom in both clusters, the anions may be viewed as intermediates on the way towards larger, ligand-free intermetalloid clusters. Quantum-chemical studies provided insight into the bonding situation in these clusters. According to these studies, the anion of 2 features both electron-precise and electron-deficient parts. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the clusters undergo stepwise fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruher Institute of Technologie (KIT), Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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17
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Lichtenberger N, Spang N, Eichhöfer A, Dehnen S. Zwischen Lokalisierung und Delokalisierung: Ru(cod)2+
-Einheiten in den Zintl-Clustern [Bi9
{Ru(cod)}2
]3−
und [Tl2
Bi6
{Ru(cod)}]2−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Eichhöfer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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18
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Wilson RJ, Dehnen S. (Ge4
Bi14
)4−
: A Case of “Element Segregation” on the Molecular Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3098-3102. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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19
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Wilson RJ, Dehnen S. (Ge4
Bi14
)4−
: Ein Fall von “Element-Entmischung” auf molekularer Skala. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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20
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Groh MF, Wolff A, Wahl B, Rasche B, Gebauer P, Ruck M. Pentagonal Bismuth Antiprisms with Endohedral Palladium or Platinum Atoms by Low-Temperature Syntheses. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F. Groh
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Bernhard Wahl
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Bertold Rasche
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Paul Gebauer
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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21
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Min X, Popov IA, Pan F, Li L, Matito E, Sun Z, Wang L, Boldyrev AI. All‐Metal Antiaromaticity in Sb
4
‐Type Lanthanocene Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5531-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
| | - Fu‐Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
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22
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Min X, Popov IA, Pan F, Li L, Matito E, Sun Z, Wang L, Boldyrev AI. All‐Metal Antiaromaticity in Sb
4
‐Type Lanthanocene Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
| | - Fu‐Xing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei‐Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lai‐Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 (U SA
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23
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Ababei R, Massa W, Weinert B, Pollak P, Xie X, Clérac R, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Ionic-Radius-Driven Selection of the Main-Group-Metal Cage for Intermetalloid Clusters [Ln@PbxBi14−x]q−and [Ln@PbyBi13−y]q−(x/q=7/4, 6/3;y/q=4/4, 3/3). Chemistry 2014; 21:386-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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