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Creutznacher R, Schulze E, Wallmann G, Peters T, Stein M, Mallagaray A. Chemical-Shift Perturbations Reflect Bile Acid Binding to Norovirus Coat Protein: Recognition Comes in Different Flavors. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1007-1021. [PMID: 31644826 PMCID: PMC7186840 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids have been reported as important cofactors promoting human and murine norovirus (NoV) infections in cell culture. The underlying mechanisms are not resolved. Through the use of chemical shift perturbation (CSP) NMR experiments, we identified a low-affinity bile acid binding site of a human GII.4 NoV strain. Long-timescale MD simulations reveal the formation of a ligand-accessible binding pocket of flexible shape, allowing the formation of stable viral coat protein-bile acid complexes in agreement with experimental CSP data. CSP NMR experiments also show that this mode of bile acid binding has a minor influence on the binding of histo-blood group antigens and vice versa. STD NMR experiments probing the binding of bile acids to virus-like particles of seven different strains suggest that low-affinity bile acid binding is a common feature of human NoV and should therefore be important for understanding the role of bile acids as cofactors in NoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Creutznacher
- University of Lübeck, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM)Institute of Chemistry and MetabolomicsRatzeburger Allee 16023562LübeckGermany
| | - Eric Schulze
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMolecular Simulations and Design GroupSandtorstrasse 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Georg Wallmann
- University of Lübeck, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM)Institute of Chemistry and MetabolomicsRatzeburger Allee 16023562LübeckGermany
| | - Thomas Peters
- University of Lübeck, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM)Institute of Chemistry and MetabolomicsRatzeburger Allee 16023562LübeckGermany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMolecular Simulations and Design GroupSandtorstrasse 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- University of Lübeck, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM)Institute of Chemistry and MetabolomicsRatzeburger Allee 16023562LübeckGermany
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Bücher KS, Yan H, Creutznacher R, Ruoff K, Mallagaray A, Grafmüller A, Dirks JS, Kilic T, Weickert S, Rubailo A, Drescher M, Schmidt S, Hansman G, Peters T, Uetrecht C, Hartmann L. Fucose-Functionalized Precision Glycomacromolecules Targeting Human Norovirus Capsid Protein. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3714-3724. [PMID: 30071731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Norovirus infection is the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans and has been the subject of numerous studies investigating the virus's biophysical properties and biochemical function with the aim of deriving novel and highly potent entry inhibitors to prevent infection. Recently, it has been shown that the protruding P domain dimer (P-dimer) of a GII.10 Norovirus strain exhibits two new binding sites for l-fucose in addition to the canonical binding sites. Thus, these sites provide a novel target for the design of multivalent fucose ligands as entry inhibitors of norovirus infections. In this current study, a first generation of multivalent fucose-functionalized glycomacromolecules was synthesized and applied as model structures to investigate the potential targeting of fucose binding sites in human norovirus P-dimer. Following previously established solid phase polymer synthesis, eight precision glycomacromolecules varying in number and position of fucose ligands along an oligo(amidoamine) backbone were obtained and then used in a series of binding studies applying native MS, NMR, and X-ray crystallography. We observed only one fucose per glycomacromolecule binding to one P-dimer resulting in similar binding affinities for all fucose-functionalized glycomacromolecules, which based on our current findings we attribute to the overall size of macromolecular ligands and possibly to steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Susanne Bücher
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Hao Yan
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Robert Creutznacher
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Kerstin Ruoff
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Department of Theory and Bio-Systems , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Jan Sebastian Dirks
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Turgay Kilic
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sabrina Weickert
- University of Konstanz , Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Anna Rubailo
- University of Konstanz , Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- University of Konstanz , Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Konstanz , Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Grant Hansman
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Peters
- Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology , Hamburg , Germany.,European XFEL GmbH , Schenefeld , Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Düsseldorf , Germany
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