1
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Guo SM, Xu P, Studer A. Meta-Selective Copper-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Pyridines and Isoquinolines through Dearomatized Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405385. [PMID: 38634294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
C(sp2)-H functionalization offers an efficient strategy for the synthesis of various elaborated N-containing heteroarenes. Along these lines, oxazino pyridines that can be readily prepared from pyridines, have been introduced as powerful substrates in radical- and ionic-mediated meta-C-H functionalization. However, the regioselective meta-C-H arylation of pyridines remains a great challenge. Herein, a copper-catalyzed meta-selective C-H arylation of pyridines and isoquinolines through bench-stable dearomatized intermediates is reported. Electrophilic aryl-Cu(III) species, generated from readily accessible aryl I(III) reagents, enable the efficient meta-arylation of a broad range of pyridines and isoquinolines. The method also allows the meta-selective alkenylation of these heteroarenes using the corresponding alkenyl I(III)-reagents. Late-stage arylation of drug-derived pyridines and larger-scale experiments demonstrate the potential of this synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Guo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Pengwei Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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2
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Zhang M, Zhou Q, Luo H, Tang ZL, Xu X, Wang XC. C3-Cyanation of Pyridines: Constraints on Electrophiles and Determinants of Regioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216894. [PMID: 36517651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for C-H cyanation of pyridines are rare. Here, we report a method for C3-selective cyanation of pyridines by a tandem process with the reaction of an in situ generated dihydropyridine with a cyano electrophile as the key step. The method is suitable for late-stage functionalization of pyridine drugs. The low reduction potential of the electrophile and effective transfer of the nitrile group were found to be essential for the success of this method. We studied the reaction mechanism in detail by means of control experiments and theoretical calculations and found that a combination of electronic and steric factors determined the regioselectivity of reactions involving C2-substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zi-Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Miura H, Hirata R, Tomoya T, Shishido T. Electrophilic C(sp
2
)−H Silylation by Supported Gold Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-based Society 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries Kyoto University 1-30 Goryo-Ohara Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
| | - Ryuji Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Toyomasu Tomoya
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shishido
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-based Society 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries Kyoto University 1-30 Goryo-Ohara Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
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4
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Heusler A, Fliege J, Wagener T, Glorius F. Substituted Dihydropyridine Synthesis by Dearomatization of Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13793-13797. [PMID: 33830616 PMCID: PMC8252501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dearomatization is an effective method to transform readily available N-heterocycles into partially saturated motifs. Manipulation of dihydro-derivatives holds great potential and provides access to a variety of semi-saturated N-heterocyclic building blocks. However, current strategies are limited in scope and the use of sensitive reagents restricts the applicability in synthetic laboratories. Herein, we report the synthesis of a broad variety of N-substituted 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines by very mild and selective reduction with amine borane for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Heusler
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Julian Fliege
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Tobias Wagener
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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5
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Heusler A, Fliege J, Wagener T, Glorius F. Synthese substituierter Dihydropyridine durch Dearomatisierung von Pyridinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Heusler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Julian Fliege
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tobias Wagener
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of ChemistryGuangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City 32000 Haifa Israel
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7
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Ye P, Shao Y, Zhang F, Zou J, Ye X, Chen J. Rare‐Earth‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Azaindolines and Naphthyridines via C−H Cyclization of Functionalized Pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
- Institute of New Materials & Industrial TechnologyWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanzeng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
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8
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Sakamoto R, Nguyen BN, Maruoka K. Transition-Metal-Free Direct C−H Silylation of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes with Hydrosilanes via a Radical Mechanism. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Bich-Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; No.100, West Waihuan Road, HEMC, 4 Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
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9
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. A Neutral RuII
Hydride Complex for the Regio- and Chemoselective Reduction of N
-Silylpyridinium Ions. Chemistry 2018; 24:5613-5622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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10
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Geier SJ, Vogels CM, Mellonie NR, Daley EN, Decken A, Doherty S, Westcott SA. The Phosphinoboration ofN-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2017; 23:14485-14499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Geier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Vogels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Niall R. Mellonie
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU England
| | - Erika N. Daley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Simon Doherty
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU England
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
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11
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Park S, Chang S. Katalytische Desaromatisierung von N-Heteroarenen mit Silicium- und Borverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 Südkorea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 Südkorea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 Südkorea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 Südkorea
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12
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Park S, Chang S. Catalytic Dearomatization of N-Heteroarenes with Silicon and Boron Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7720-7738. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science, IBS, Daejeon; 305-701 South Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, KAIST; Daejeon 305-701 South Korea
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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14
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Liu ZY, Wen ZH, Wang XC. B(C6
F5
)3
-Catalyzed Cascade Reduction of Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5817-5820. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); College of Chemistry; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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15
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Wübbolt S, Maji MS, Irran E, Oestreich M. A Tethered Ru-S Complex with an Axial Chiral Thiolate Ligand for Cooperative Si-H Bond Activation: Application to Enantioselective Imine Reduction. Chemistry 2017; 23:6213-6219. [PMID: 28191742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An axial chiral version of the 2,6-dimesitylphenyl group attached to sulfur is reported. Its multistep preparation starts from (S)-binol, and the thiol group is established by a racemization-free thermal Newman-Kwart rearrangement. The new chiral thiolate ligand decorated with one mesityl group is used in the synthesis of a tethered ruthenium chloride complex. Its spectroscopic characterization revealed solvent-dependent epimerization at the ruthenium center. The major diastereomer is crystallographically characterized. Chloride abstraction with tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF4 ) yields the corresponding coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium complex with the Ru-S bond exposed. Si-H bond activation at this Ru-S bond proceeds in syn fashion but with moderate facial selectivity (d.r.=70:30), generating diastereomeric chiral-at-ruthenium hydrosilane adducts. Their application to catalytic imine hydrosilylation led to promising enantioinduction (40 % ee), thereby providing proof of concept for asymmetric catalysis involving cooperative Si-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wübbolt
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Lipke MC, Liberman-Martin AL, Tilley TD. Elektrophile Aktivierung von Silicium-Wasserstoff- Bindungen in katalytischen Hydrosilierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemie; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemie; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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17
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Lipke MC, Liberman-Martin AL, Tilley TD. Electrophilic Activation of Silicon-Hydrogen Bonds in Catalytic Hydrosilations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2260-2294. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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18
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Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Silicon Electrophiles: Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:52-59. [PMID: 27762042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry. It converts C-H bonds of sufficiently nucleophilic arenes into C-X and C-C bonds using either stoichiometrically added or catalytically generated electrophiles. These reactions proceed through Wheland complexes, cationic intermediates that rearomatize by proton release. Hence, these high-energy intermediates are nothing but protonated arenes and as such strong Brønsted acids. The formation of protons is an issue in those rare cases where the electrophilic aromatic substitution is reversible. This situation arises in the electrophilic silylation of C-H bonds as the energy of the intermediate Wheland complex is lowered by the β-silicon effect. As a consequence, protonation of the silylated arene is facile, and the reverse reaction usually occurs to afford the desilylated arene. Several new approaches to overcome this inherent challenge of C-H silylation by SE Ar were recently disclosed, and this Minireview summarizes this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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