1
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Sherborne GJ, Kemmitt P, Prentice C, Zysman-Colman E, Smith AD, Fallan C. Visible Light-Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202207829. [PMID: 36342443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 2-vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light-mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene-bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Sherborne
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Callum Prentice
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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2
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Kurimoto M, Chang T, Nishiyama Y, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Tanaka K, Yokoshima S. Anticancer Approach Inspired by the Hepatotoxic Mechanism of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids with Glycosylated Artificial Metalloenzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205541. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Kurimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tsung‐che Chang
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoshitake Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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3
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Kurimoto M, Chang TC, Nishiyama Y, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Tanaka K, Yokoshima S. Anticancer Approach Inspired by the Hepatotoxic Mechanism of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids with Glycosylated Artificial Metalloenzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsung-che Chang
- Rikagaku Kenkyujo RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research JAPAN
| | | | | | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Rikagaku Kenkyujo Biomolecular Characterization Unit JAPAN
| | | | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Nagoya Daigaku Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku 464-8601 Nagoya JAPAN
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4
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Liu W, Hao L, Zhang J, Zhu T. Progress in the Electrochemical Reactions of Sulfonyl Compounds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102557. [PMID: 35174969 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis has recently attracted more and more attention due to its great potential to replace chemical oxidants or reductants in molecule-electrode electron transfer. Sulfonyl compounds such as sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfinic acids (and their salts), sulfonyl halides have been discovered as practical precursors of several radicals. As electrochemical redox reactions can provide green and efficient pathways for the activation of sulfonyl compounds, studies for electrosynthesis have rapidly increased. Several types of radicals can be generated from anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction of sulfonyl compounds and can initiate fluoroalkylation, benzenesulfonylation, cyclization or rearrangement. In this Review, we summarize the electrosynthesis developments involving sulfonyl compounds mainly in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tingshun Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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5
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Hooe SL, Moreno JJ, Reid AG, Cook EN, Machan CW. Mediated Inner-Sphere Electron Transfer Induces Homogeneous Reduction of CO 2 via Through-Space Electronic Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202109645. [PMID: 34695281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is an appealing method for converting renewable energy sources into value-added chemical feedstocks. We report a co-electrocatalytic system for the reduction of CO2 to CO comprised of a molecular Cr complex and dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (DBTD) as a redox mediator, which achieves high activity (TOF=1.51-2.84×105 s-1 ) and quantitative selectivity. Under aprotic or protic conditions, DBTD produces a co-electrocatalytic response with 1 by coordinating trans to the site of CO2 binding and mediating electron transfer from the electrode with quantitative efficiency for CO. This assembly is reliant on through-space electronic conjugation between the π frameworks of DBTD and the bpy fragment of the catalyst ligand, with contributions from dispersive interactions and weak sulfone coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Hooe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4319, USA
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4319, USA
| | - Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4319, USA
| | - Emma N Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4319, USA
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4319, USA
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6
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Hooe SL, Moreno JJ, Reid AG, Cook EN, Machan CW. Mediated Inner‐Sphere Electron Transfer Induces Homogeneous Reduction of CO
2
via Through‐Space Electronic Conjugation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Hooe
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Amelia G. Reid
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Emma N. Cook
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Charles W. Machan
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Road, PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
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7
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Wang D, Wan Z, Zhang H, Alhumade H, Yi H, Lei A. Electrochemical Reductive Arylation of Nitroarenes with Arylboronic Acids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5399-5404. [PMID: 34581006 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of diarylamine is extremely important in organic chemistry. Herein, a novel electrochemical reductive arylation of nitroarenes with arylboronic acids was developed. A variety of diarylamines were synthesized without the need for transition-metal catalysts. The reaction could be scaled up efficiently in a flow cell and several derivatization reactions were carried out smoothly. Cyclic voltammetry experiments and mechanism studies showed that acetonitrile, formic acid, and triethyl phosphite all played a role in promoting this reductive arylation transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohua Wan
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hesham Alhumade
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jdedah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jdedah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Yi
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- King Abdulaziz University, Jdedah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Huang C, Li Z, Song J, Xu H. Catalyst‐ and Reagent‐Free Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhao‐Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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9
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Weng Y, Chen H, Li N, Yang L, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative Metal‐Free Cyclization of 4‐Arylaminocoumarins with DMF as C1‐Source. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Hantao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhui Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yang
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
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10
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Huang C, Li ZY, Song J, Xu HC. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous-Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11237-11241. [PMID: 33666312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable methods to access saturated N-heterocycles is of great importance because of the prevalence of these structures in natural products and bioactive compounds. Pd-catalyzed aza-Wacker type cyclization is a powerful method and provides access to N-heterocycles bearing an alkene moiety available for further synthetic manipulations from readily available materials. Herein we disclose a catalyst- and reagent-free formal aza-Wacker type cyclization reaction for the synthesis of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles. Key to the success is to conduct the reactions in a continuous-flow electrochemical reactor without adding supporting electrolyte or additives. The reactions are characterized by broad tolerance of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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11
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Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemically Driven Radical Reactions: From Direct Electrolysis to Molecular Catalysis. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2306-2319. [PMID: 33734572 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals are versatile synthetic intermediates that provide reactivities and selectivities complementary to ionic species. Despite its long history, electrochemically driven radical reactions remain limited in scope. In the past few years, there have been dramatic increase in research activity in organic electrochemistry. We have been developing electrochemical and electrophotocatalytic methods for the generation and synthetic utilization of organic radicals. In our studies, various radical species such as alkene and arene radical cations and carbon- and heteroatom-centered radicals are generated from readily available precursors through direct electrolysis, molecular electrocatalysis or molecular electrophotocatalysis. These radical species undergo various inter- and intramolecular oxidative transformations to rapidly increase molecular complexity. The simultaneous occurrence of anodic oxidation and cathodic proton reduction allows the oxidative reactions to proceed through H2 evolution without external chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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12
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Kehl A, Schupp N, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbazoles by Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:15847-15851. [PMID: 32737905 PMCID: PMC7756279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A constant current protocol, employing undivided cells, a remarkably low supporting electrolyte concentration, inexpensive electrode materials, and a straightforward precursor synthesis enabling a novel access to N‐protected carbazoles by anodic N,C bond formation using directly generated amidyl radicals is reported. Scalability of the reaction is demonstrated and an easy deblocking of the benzoyl protecting group is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niclas Schupp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina M Breising
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Liu L, Ward RM, Schomaker JM. Regioselective Intramolecular Allene Amidation Enabled by an EDA Complex*. Chemistry 2020; 26:13783-13787. [PMID: 32449968 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The addition of radicals to unsaturated precursors is a powerful tool for the synthesis of both carbo- and heterocyclic organic building blocks. The recent advent of mild ways to generate N-centered radicals has reignited interest in exploiting highly regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective transformations that employ these reactive intermediates. While the additions of aminyl, iminyl, and amidyl radicals to alkenes and alkynes have been well-studied, analogous additions to allenes are scarce. Allenes offer several attractive features, including potential for selective amidation at three distinct sites via judicious choice of precursor or radical source, the opportunity for axial-to-point chirality transfer, and productive trapping of vinyl or allyl radical intermediates to diversify functionality in the products. In this article, we report a regioselective addition of amidyl radicals to allenes to furnish an array of valuable N-heterocycle scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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14
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Mo Y, Rughoobur G, Nambiar AMK, Zhang K, Jensen KF. A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Anirudh M. K. Nambiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kara Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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15
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Mo Y, Rughoobur G, Nambiar AMK, Zhang K, Jensen KF. A Multifunctional Microfluidic Platform for High‐Throughput Experimentation of Electroorganic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20890-20894. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Anirudh M. K. Nambiar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kara Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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16
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Song C, Liu K, Jiang X, Dong X, Weng Y, Chiang C, Lei A. Electrooxidation Enables Selective Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation between Indole Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7193-7197. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yue Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chien‐Wei Chiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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17
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Song C, Liu K, Jiang X, Dong X, Weng Y, Chiang C, Lei A. Electrooxidation Enables Selective Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation between Indole Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yue Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chien‐Wei Chiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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18
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Hai‐Chao Xu. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Hai-Chao Xu. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17506. [PMID: 31762199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
"My worst nightmare is forgetting to prepare for a class. The most exciting thing about my research is discovering new reactions …" Find out more about Hai-Chao Xu in his Author Profile.
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20
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Mannisto JK, Sahari A, Lagerblom K, Niemi T, Nieger M, Sztanó G, Repo T. One‐Step Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted 2‐Oxazolidinones by Base‐Catalyzed CO
2
Fixation and Aza‐Michael Addition. Chemistry 2019; 25:10284-10289. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jere K. Mannisto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Aleksi Sahari
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Kalle Lagerblom
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Teemu Niemi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Gábor Sztanó
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 00014 Helsinki Finland
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21
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Xu HH, Song J, Xu HC. Electrochemical Difluoromethylation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3060-3063. [PMID: 30684294 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201803058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical 1,2-hydroxydifluoromethylation and C-H difluoromethylation of acrylamides were developed by using CF2 HSO2 NHNHBoc as the source of the CF2 H group. These electricity-powered oxidative alkene functionalization reactions do not need transition-metal catalysts or chemical oxidants. The reaction outcome, 1,2-difuntionalization or C-H functionalization, is determined by the substituents on the amide nitrogen atom of the acrylamides instead of by the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
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22
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Shatskiy A, Lundberg H, Kärkäs MD. Organic Electrosynthesis: Applications in Complex Molecule Synthesis. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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23
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Xu F, Long H, Song J, Xu H. De Novo Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Benzimidazolones and Benzoxazolones through an Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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24
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Xu F, Long H, Song J, Xu H. De Novo Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Benzimidazolones and Benzoxazolones through an Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9017-9021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province,iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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25
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Jiang H, Studer A. Anti‐Markovnikov Radical Hydro‐ and Deuteroamidation of Unactivated Alkenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:7105-7109. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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26
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Nikolaienko P, Jentsch M, Kale AP, Cai Y, Rueping M. Electrochemical and Scalable Dehydrogenative C(sp
3
)−H Amination via Remote Hydrogen Atom Transfer in Batch and Continuous Flow. Chemistry 2019; 25:7177-7184. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Nikolaienko
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc Jentsch
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH-Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ajit P. Kale
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunfei Cai
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH-Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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27
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Ke J, Wang H, Zhou L, Mou C, Zhang J, Pan L, Chi YR. Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Halides through Direct Electrolysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:6911-6914. [PMID: 30950097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst- and metal-free electrochemical hydrodehalogenation of aryl halides is disclosed. Our reaction by a flexible protocol is operated in an undivided cell equipped with an inexpensive graphite rod anode and cathode. Trialkylamines nBu3 N/Et3 N behave as effective reductants and hydrogen atom donors for this electrochemical reductive reaction. Various aryl and heteroaryl bromides worked effectively. The typically less reactive aryl chlorides and fluorides can also be smoothly converted. The utility of our method is demonstrated by detoxification of harmful pesticides and hydrodebromination of a dibrominated biphenyl (analogues of flame-retardants) in gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ke
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hongling Wang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Lutai Pan
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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28
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Yi X, Hu X. Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclization by Tandem Electrochemical Oxidation and Copper Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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29
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Yi X, Hu X. Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclization by Tandem Electrochemical Oxidation and Copper Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4700-4704. [PMID: 30698900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In oxidative electrochemical organic synthesis, radical intermediates are often oxidized to cations on the way to final product formation. Herein, we describe an approach to transform electrochemically generated organic radical intermediates into neutral products by reaction with a metal catalyst. This approach combines electrochemical oxidation with Cu catalysis to effect formal aza-Wacker cyclization of internal alkenes. The Cu catalyst is essential for transforming secondary and primary alkyl radical intermediates into alkenes. A wide range of 5-membered N-heterocycles including oxazolidinone, imidazolidinone, thiazolidinone, pyrrolidinone, and isoindolinone can be prepared under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Wang J, Qian P, Hu K, Zha Z, Wang Z. Electrocatalytic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide with Amines and Arylketones. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Peng Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Kangfei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhenggen Zha
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry & Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology & School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
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31
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Electrochemical Fluoroalkynylation of Aryl Alkenes with Fluoride Ions and Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Wang J, Yu W. Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroazidation of Alkenes by Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:3510-3514. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan‐Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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33
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Lin D, Lai Y, Huang J. Mn‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of Quinazolinones from Primary Alcohols/Benzyl Ethers and
o
‐Aminobenzamides. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian‐Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. CHINA
| | - Yin‐Long Lai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. CHINA
| | - Jing‐Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. CHINA
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34
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Kehl A, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of 5-Aryl-phenanthridin-6-one by Dehydrogenative N,C Bond Formation. Chemistry 2018; 24:17230-17233. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Valentina M. Breising
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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35
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Wu ZJ, Li SR, Xu HC. Synthesis of N-Heterocycles by Dehydrogenative Annulation of N-Allyl Amides with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; i ChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; i ChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; i ChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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36
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Wu ZJ, Li SR, Xu HC. Synthesis of N-Heterocycles by Dehydrogenative Annulation of N-Allyl Amides with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14070-14074. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; i ChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; i ChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; i ChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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37
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Abrams R, Lefebvre Q, Clayden J. Transition Metal Free Cycloamination of Prenyl Carbamates and Ureas Promoted by Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13587-13591. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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38
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Abrams R, Lefebvre Q, Clayden J. Transition Metal Free Cycloamination of Prenyl Carbamates and Ureas Promoted by Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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39
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Jia J, Ho YA, Bülow RF, Rueping M. Brønsted Base Assisted Photoredox Catalysis: Proton Coupled Electron Transfer for Remote C−C Bond Formation via Amidyl Radicals. Chemistry 2018; 24:14054-14058. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yee Ann Ho
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Raoul F. Bülow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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40
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Ahmed N, Khatoon S. Facile Electrochemical Intramolecular Amination of Urea-Tethered Terminal Alkenes for the Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:576-582. [PMID: 30083492 PMCID: PMC6070678 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Facile intramolecular amination of unactivated alkenes has been achieved by using electricity as a catalyst that helps to generate an intermediate and accelerates formation of cyclic ureas in high yields. Using this method, no metal catalysts were used. During electrolysis, a nitrogen radical was formed at the urea substrate that cyclised with the alkene and generated a terminal carbon radical which further formed a bond with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl radical (TEMPO). This method of electrolysis not only gives cyclic ureas but also functionalises terminal unactivated alkenes. This method can be considered to be environmentally friendly given that it avoids the issues of toxicity or complicated metal ligands and could therefore be potentially employed in green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Saira Khatoon
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3ATUK
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan
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41
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Wiebe A, Gieshoff T, Möhle S, Rodrigo E, Zirbes M, Waldvogel SR. Electrifying Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5594-5619. [PMID: 29292849 PMCID: PMC5969240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct synthetic organic use of electricity is currently experiencing a renaissance. More synthetically oriented laboratories working in this area are exploiting both novel and more traditional concepts, paving the way to broader applications of this niche technology. As only electrons serve as reagents, the generation of reagent waste is efficiently avoided. Moreover, stoichiometric reagents can be regenerated and allow a transformation to be conducted in an electrocatalytic fashion. However, the application of electroorganic transformations is more than minimizing the waste footprint, it rather gives rise to inherently safe processes, reduces the number of steps of many syntheses, allows for milder reaction conditions, provides alternative means to access desired structural entities, and creates intellectual property (IP) space. When the electricity originates from renewable resources, this surplus might be directly employed as a terminal oxidizing or reducing agent, providing an ultra-sustainable and therefore highly attractive technique. This Review surveys recent developments in electrochemical synthesis that will influence the future of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Max Planck Graduate CenterStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Sabine Möhle
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Max Planck Graduate CenterStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
- Institut für Organische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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42
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Tao XZ, Dai JJ, Zhou J, Xu J, Xu HJ. Electrochemical C−O Bond Formation: Facile Access to Aromatic Lactones. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhang Tao
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Dai
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 P.R. China
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43
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Wiebe A, Gieshoff T, Möhle S, Rodrigo E, Zirbes M, Waldvogel SR. Elektrifizierung der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Sabine Möhle
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Michael Zirbes
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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Hou ZW, Mao ZY, Melcamu YY, Lu X, Xu HC. Electrochemical Synthesis of Imidazo-Fused N-Heteroaromatic Compounds through a C−N Bond-Forming Radical Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yared Yohannes Melcamu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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45
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Hou ZW, Mao ZY, Melcamu YY, Lu X, Xu HC. Electrochemical Synthesis of Imidazo-Fused N-Heteroaromatic Compounds through a C−N Bond-Forming Radical Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1636-1639. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yared Yohannes Melcamu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces i ChEM, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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46
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Kehl A, Gieshoff T, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Conversion of Phthaldianilides to Phthalazin-1,4-diones by Dehydrogenative N−N Bond Formation. Chemistry 2017; 24:590-593. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tile Gieshoff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz; Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
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47
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Folgueiras-Amador AA, Qian XY, Xu HC, Wirth T. Catalyst- and Supporting-Electrolyte-Free Electrosynthesis of Benzothiazoles and Thiazolopyridines in Continuous Flow. Chemistry 2017; 24:487-491. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang-Yang Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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48
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Folgueiras‐Amador AA, Philipps K, Guilbaud S, Poelakker J, Wirth T. An Easy-to-Machine Electrochemical Flow Microreactor: Efficient Synthesis of Isoindolinone and Flow Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15446-15450. [PMID: 29045019 PMCID: PMC5708274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Flow electrochemistry is an efficient methodology to generate radical intermediates. An electrochemical flow microreactor has been designed and manufactured to improve the efficiency of electrochemical flow reactions. With this device only little or no supporting electrolytes are needed, making processes less costly and enabling easier purification. This is demonstrated by the facile synthesis of amidyl radicals used in intramolecular hydroaminations to produce isoindolinones. The combination with inline mass spectrometry facilitates a much easier combination of chemical steps in a single flow process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Philipps
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Sébastien Guilbaud
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Jarno Poelakker
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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49
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Folgueiras-Amador AA, Philipps K, Guilbaud S, Poelakker J, Wirth T. Ein einfach herzustellender elektrochemischer Flussmikroreaktor: effiziente Isoindolinon-Synthese und Funktionalisierung im Fluss. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Folgueiras-Amador
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT Großbritannien
| | - Kai Philipps
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT Großbritannien
| | - Sébastien Guilbaud
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT Großbritannien
| | - Jarno Poelakker
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT Großbritannien
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT Großbritannien
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50
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Wu ZJ, Xu HC. Synthesis of C3-Fluorinated Oxindoles through Reagent-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jian Wu
- i ChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- i ChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
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