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Rossi FM, McBee DP, Trybala TN, Hulsey ZN, Gonzalez Curbelo C, Mazur W, Baccile JA. Membrane Permeant Analogs for Independent Cellular Introduction of the Terpene Precursors Isopentenyl- and Dimethylallyl-Pyrophosphate. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200512. [PMID: 36354788 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) are the central five-carbon precursors to all terpenes. Despite their significance, exogenous, independent delivery of IPP and DMAPP to cells is impossible as the negatively charged pyrophosphate makes these molecules membrane impermeant. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method to circumvent this challenge through esterification of the β-phosphate with two self-immolative esters (SIEs) that neutralize the negatively charged pyrophosphate to yield membrane-permeant analogs of IPP and DMAPP. Following cellular incorporation, general esterase activity initiates cleavage of the SIEs, resulting in traceless release of IPP and DMAPP for metabolic utilization. Addition of the synthesized IPP and DMAPP precursor analogs rescued cell growth of glioblastoma (U-87MG) cancer cells concurrently treated with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor pitavastatin, which otherwise abrogates cell growth via blocking production of IPP and DMAPP. This work demonstrates a new application of a prodrug strategy to incorporate a metabolic intermediate and promises to enable future interrogation of the distinct biological roles of IPP and DMAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,Department of Chemistry SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Dillon P McBee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas N Trybala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Zackary N Hulsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - William Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua A Baccile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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2
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Zhao C, Weber S, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Prodrugs of γ-Alkyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates: Improved Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22063-22071. [PMID: 32379948 PMCID: PMC7756582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of nucleoside triphosphate prodrugs is one option to apply nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of d4TTP analogues, in which the γ-phosphate was modified covalently by lipophilic alkyl residues, and acyloxybenzyl prodrugs of these γ-alkyl-modified d4TTPs, with the aim of delivering of γ-alkyl-d4TTP into cells. Selective formation of γ-alkyl-d4TTP was proven with esterase and in CD4+ -cell extracts. In contrast to d4TTP, γ-alkyl-d4TTPs proved highly stable against dephosphorylation. Primer extension assays with HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) and DNA-polymerases α, β or γ showed that γ-alkyl-d4TTPs were substrates for HIV-RT only. In antiviral assays, compounds were highly potent inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 also in thymidine-kinase-deficient T-cell cultures (CEM/TK- ). Thus, the intracellular delivery of such γ-alkyl-nucleoside triphosphates may potentially lead to nucleoside triphosphates with a higher selectivity towards the viral polymerase that can act in virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU LeuvenHerestraat 493000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU LeuvenHerestraat 493000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
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3
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Zhao C, Weber S, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Prodrugs of γ‐Alkyl‐Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates: Improved Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rega Institute for Medical Research KU Leuven Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rega Institute for Medical Research KU Leuven Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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4
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Jeschik N, Schneider T, Meier C. Photocaged and Mixed Photocaged Bioreversible‐Protected ATP Derivatives as Tools for the Controlled Release of ATP. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Jeschik
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin‐Luther‐Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin‐Luther‐Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin‐Luther‐Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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5
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Zhao C, Jia X, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. γ-Non-Symmetrically Dimasked TriPPPro Prodrugs as Potential Antiviral Agents against HIV. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:499-512. [PMID: 33089929 PMCID: PMC7894357 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and nucleoside analogue monophosphate prodrugs are used in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The design of antivirally active nucleoside triphosphate prodrugs is a recent and an important advancement in the field of nucleoside analogue drug development. Here, we report on TriPPPro‐derivatives of nucleoside analogue triphosphates (NTPs) that comprised two different acyloxybenzyl‐masks at the γ‐phosphate of the NTP aiming to achieve the metabolic bypass. Thus, γ‐non‐symmetrically dimasked TriPPPro‐compounds (γ‐(AB,ab)‐d4TTPs) were synthesized and they proved to be active against HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 in cultures of infected wild‐type human CD4+ T‐lymphocyte (CEM/0) cells and more importantly also in thymidine kinase‐deficient CD4+ T‐cells (CEM/TK‐). From hydrolysis studies both in phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.3) and CEM cell extracts, there was surprisingly no differentiation in the cleavage of the two acyloxybenzyl prodrug‐masks. However, if within one of the two acyloxybenzyl groups a short PEG‐type methoxytriglycol group was introduced, the “standard” acyloxybenzyl‐mask was cleaved with high preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Gaied LB, Fincias N, Garrec J, Kaïm LE. 5- endo-dig
Cyclization of O-Propargyl Mandelic Acid Amides towards 2,5-Dihydrofurans. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Ben Gaied
- Laboratoire de physico-chimie des microstructures et microsystèmes; Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes Scientifiques et Techniques, La Marsa; B.P. 51 2070 La Marsa Tunisie
| | - Nicolas Fincias
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO); Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; ENSTA Paris-UMR 7652; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Julian Garrec
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO); Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; ENSTA Paris-UMR 7652; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Laurent El Kaïm
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO); Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; ENSTA Paris-UMR 7652; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; 828 Bd des Maréchaux 91128 Palaiseau France
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Wanat P, Kasprzyk R, Kopcial M, Sikorski PJ, Strzelecka D, Jemielity J, Kowalska J. ExciTides: NTP-derived probes for monitoring pyrophosphatase activity based on excimer-to-monomer transitions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9773-9776. [PMID: 30105342 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04968h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new type of nucleotide-derived fluorescent probe designed for monitoring pyrophosphatase activity based on excimer-to-monomer transitions, called ExciTide. The nucleotides were designed with two self-interacting dye moieties and synthesised using copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry. We applied these probes for enzyme activity monitoring and inhibitor evaluation. Some of the probes permeated into living cells, yielding interesting prospects for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wanat
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Camarasa MJ. Prodrugs of Nucleoside Triphosphates as a Sound and Challenging Approach: A Pioneering Work That Opens a New Era in the Direct Intracellular Delivery of Nucleoside Triphosphates. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1885-1889. [PMID: 30152096 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nucleosides, designed to mimic naturally occurring nucleosides, are important antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. However, nucleosides are not active as such and need to be metabolized, step by step, to their corresponding active nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs). This is mediated by phosphorylating enzymes, mainly host cellular kinases with strong specificity for their substrates; in many cases, this specificity prevents efficient conversion into the NTPs. To circumvent this metabolic handicap, successful nucleo(s/t)ide prodrugs have been developed as a valuable concept in the design of effective drugs. The unique concept of the TriPPPro approach, developed by Chris Meier and colleagues, is a powerful tool for the intracellular delivery of active NTPs, bypassing all the phosphorylation steps required by nucleosides to yield the active NTP metabolites. This concept is illustrated herein with general examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Weising S, Sterrenberg V, Schols D, Meier C. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of TriPPPro-AbacavirTP, TriPPPro-CarbovirTP, and Their 1′,2′-cis-Disubstituted Analogues. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1771-1778. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weising
- University of Hamburg; Faculty of Sciences; Department Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Vincente Sterrenberg
- University of Hamburg; Faculty of Sciences; Department Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Rega Institute for Medical Research; Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- University of Hamburg; Faculty of Sciences; Department Chemistry; Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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Zawada Z, Tatar A, Mocilac P, Buděšínský M, Kraus T. Transport of Nucleoside Triphosphates into Cells by Artificial Molecular Transporters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zawada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ameneh Tatar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavle Mocilac
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
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11
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Zawada Z, Tatar A, Mocilac P, Buděšínský M, Kraus T. Transport of Nucleoside Triphosphates into Cells by Artificial Molecular Transporters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9891-9895. [PMID: 29578619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are widely exploited as unnatural metabolites in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Because anionic NTPs do not permeate cell membranes, their corresponding neutral precursors are employed in cell-based assays. These precursors become active metabolites after enzymatic conversion, which often proceeds insufficiently. Here we show that metabolically-active NTPs can be directly transported into eukaryotic cells and bacteria by the action of designed synthetic nucleoside triphosphate transporters (SNTTs). The transporter is composed of a receptor, which forms a non-covalent complex with a triphosphate anion, and a cell-penetrating agent, which translocates the complex across the plasma membrane. NTP is then released from the complex in the intracellular milieu and accumulates in nuclei and nucleoli in high concentration. The transport of NTPs proceeds rapidly (seconds to minutes) and selectively even in the presence of other organic anions. We demonstrate that this operationally simple and efficient means of transport of fluorescently labelled NTPs into cells can be used for metabolic labeling of DNA in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zawada
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ameneh Tatar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavle Mocilac
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Pahnke K, Meier C. Synthesis of a Bioreversibly Masked Lipophilic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Derivative. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1616-1626. [PMID: 28589630 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of a bioreversibly protected lipophilic sugar nucleotide as a potential membrane-permeable precursor of adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is described. ADPR is the most potent activator of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) ion channel. Membrane-permeable, lipophilic derivatives of ADPR are of great interest as tools for study of the mechanism of TRPM2. The approach described here was based on our recently disclosed "DiPPro" and "TriPPPro" prodrug approaches developed for the intracellular delivery of nucleotides. A lipophilic, bioreversibly masked ADPR analogue containing an enzymatically cleavable 4-pentanoyloxybenzyl (PB) mask at the phosphate moiety next to the 5'-position of adenosine, together with O-acetyl groups, was prepared in high yields. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis studies in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) were performed to assess chemical stability and possible (selective) enzymatic demasking of the ADPR analogue. HPLC-MS revealed that the PB group was readily cleaved enzymatically. In addition, the formation of partially deacetylated ADPR compounds and also of fully unprotected ADPR was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pahnke
- Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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