1
|
Luo L, Tang S, Wu J, Jin S, Zhang H. Transition Metal-Free Aromatic C-H, C-N, C-S and C-O Borylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300023. [PMID: 36850026 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic organoboron compounds are highly valuable building blocks in organic chemistry. They were mainly synthesized through aromatic C-H and C-Het borylation, in which transition metal-catalysis dominate. In the past decade, with increasing attention to sustainable chemistry, numerous transition metal-free C-H and C-Het borylation transformations have been developed and emerged as efficient methods towards the synthesis of aromatic organoboron compounds. This account mainly focuses on recent advances in transition metal-free aromatic C-H, C-N, C-S, and C-O borylation transformations and provides insights to where further developments are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banert K, Heck M, Ihle A, Shoker T, Wörle M, Boese AD. Non-Planar Structures of Sterically Overcrowded Trialkylamines. Chemistry 2021; 27:3700-3707. [PMID: 32914915 PMCID: PMC7984391 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several amines with three bulky alkyl groups at the nitrogen atom, which exceed the steric crowding of triisopropylamine significantly, were synthesized, mainly by treating N-chlorodialkylamines with Grignard reagents. In six cases, namely tert-butyldiisopropylamine, 1-adamantyl-tert-butylisopropylamine, di-1-adamantylamines with an additional N-cyclohexyl or N-exo-2-norbonyl substituent, as well as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine derivatives with N-cyclohexyl or N-neopentyl groups, appropriate single crystals were generated that enabled X-ray diffraction studies and analysis of the molecular structures. The four noncyclic amines adopt triskele-like conformations, and the sum of the three C-N-C angles is always in the range of 351.1° to 352.4°. Consequently, these amines proved to be structurally significantly flatter than trialkylamines without steric congestion, which is also signalized by the smaller heights of the NC3 pyramids (0.241-0.259 Å). There is no clear correlation between the heights of these pyramids and the degree of the steric crowding in the new amines, presumably because steric repulsion is partly compensated by dispersion interaction. In the cases of the two heterocyclic amines, the steric stress is smaller, and the molecular structures include quite different conformations. Quantum chemical calculations led to precise gas-phase structures of the sterically overcrowded trialkylamines exhibiting heights of the NC3 pyramids and preferred molecular conformers which are similar to those resulting from the X-ray studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Banert
- Organic ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStrasse der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Manuel Heck
- Organic ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStrasse der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Organic ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStrasse der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Tharallah Shoker
- Organic ChemistryChemnitz University of TechnologyStrasse der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - A. Daniel Boese
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/IV8010GrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iashin V, Berta D, Chernichenko K, Nieger M, Moslova K, Pápai I, Repo T. Metal-Free C-H Borylation of N-Heteroarenes by Boron Trifluoride. Chemistry 2020; 26:13873-13879. [PMID: 32478432 PMCID: PMC7702085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds are essential reagents in modern C-C coupling reactions. Their synthesis via catalytic C-H borylation by main group elements is emerging as a powerful tool alternative to transition metal based catalysis. Herein, a straightforward metal-free synthesis of aryldifluoroboranes from BF3 and heteroarenes is reported. The reaction is assisted by sterically hindered amines and catalytic amounts of thioureas. According to computational studies the reaction proceeds via frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mechanism. The obtained aryldifluoroboranes are further stabilized against destructive protodeborylation by converting them to the corresponding air stable tetramethylammonium organotrifluoroborates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Iashin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dénes Berta
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
- Present address: API Small Molecule DevelopmentJanssen Pharmaceutica N.V.Turnhoutseweg 302340BeerseBelgium
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Karina Moslova
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 21117BudapestHungary
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio, 100014HelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Migliaro I, Cundari TR. Density Functional Study of Methane Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Group 13 Trihalides and Group 15 Pentahalides and a Machine Learning Analysis of Their Barrier Heights. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4958-4966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Migliaro
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Deng D, Škoch K, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Macrocycle Formation by Cooperative Selection at a Double-Sited Frustrated Lewis Pair. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Deng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karel Škoch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Q, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H, Chen X. Boranchemie aus einer neuen Perspektive: Nukleophilie der B-H-Bindungselektronen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; 46 E. Jianshe Rd. Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; 46 E. Jianshe Rd. Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Q, Dewhurst RD, Braunschweig H, Chen X. A New Perspective on Borane Chemistry: The Nucleophilicity of the B−H Bonding Pair Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3268-3278. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; 46 E. Jianshe Rd. Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xuenian Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; 46 E. Jianshe Rd. Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jie X, Daniliuc CG, Knitsch R, Hansen MR, Eckert H, Ehlert S, Grimme S, Kehr G, Erker G. Aggregation Behavior of a Six-Membered Cyclic Frustrated Phosphane/Borane Lewis Pair: Formation of a Supramolecular Cyclooctameric Macrocyclic Ring System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:882-886. [PMID: 30452100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new six-membered cyclic frustrated phosphane/borane Lewis pair was liberated from its HB(C6 F5 )2 adduct by treatment with vinylcyclohexane. The system is an active frustrated Lewis pair that undergoes cycloaddition reactions with suitable π reagents and it splits dihydrogen. At room temperature in solution the new compound is a monomer, however, in the crystal and in solution at low temperature it aggregates to a thermodynamically favoured supramolecular macrocyclic cyclooctamer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Knitsch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Instituto de Fisica, Sáo Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos S.P., Brazil
| | - Sebastian Ehlert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jie X, Daniliuc CG, Knitsch R, Hansen MR, Eckert H, Ehlert S, Grimme S, Kehr G, Erker G. Aggregation Behavior of a Six‐Membered Cyclic Frustrated Phosphane/Borane Lewis Pair: Formation of a Supramolecular Cyclooctameric Macrocyclic Ring System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jie
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Robert Knitsch
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28 48149 Münster Germany
- Instituto de Fisica, Sáo CarlosUniversidade de São Paulo CP 369 13560-970 São Carlos S.P. Brazil
| | - Sebastian Ehlert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität Bonn Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität Bonn Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma Y, Lou S, Luo G, Luo Y, Zhan G, Nishiura M, Luo Y, Hou Z. B(C
6
F
5
)
3
/Amine‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Silylation of Terminal Alkynes with Hydrosilanes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15222-15226. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shao‐Jie Lou
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yong Luo
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gu Zhan
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Lou S, Luo G, Luo Y, Zhan G, Nishiura M, Luo Y, Hou Z. B(C
6
F
5
)
3
/Amine‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Silylation of Terminal Alkynes with Hydrosilanes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shao‐Jie Lou
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yong Luo
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gu Zhan
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rochette É, Courtemanche MA, Fontaine FG. Frustrated Lewis Pair Mediated Csp3−H Activation. Chemistry 2017; 23:3567-3571. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Rochette
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V); Université Laval; 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Marc-André Courtemanche
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V); Université Laval; 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V); Université Laval; 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|