1
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Mao L, Zhai B, Shi J, Kang X, Lu B, Liu Y, Cheng C, Jin H, Lichtfouse E, Guo L. Supercritical CH 3OH-Triggered Isotype Heterojunction and Groups in g-C 3N 4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13939-13949. [PMID: 38749923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The structure tuning of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a critical way to promote the charge carriers dynamics for enhancing photocatalytic H2-evolution activity. Exploring feasible post-treatment strategies can lead to effective structure tuning, but it still remains a great challenge. Herein, a supercritical CH3OH (ScMeOH) post-treatment strategy (250-300 °C, 8.1-11.8 MPa) is developed for the structure tuning of bulk g-C3N4. This strategy presented advantages of time-saving (less than 10 min), high yield (over 80%), and scalability due to the enhanced mass transfer and high reactivity of ScMeOH. During the ScMeOH post-treatment process, CH3OH molecules diffused into the interlayers of g-C3N4 and subsequently participated in N-methylation and hydroxylation reactions with the intralayers, resulting in a partial phase transformation from g-C3N4 into carbon nitride with a poly(heptazine imide)-like structure (Q-PHI) as well as abundant methyl and hydroxyl groups. The modified g-C3N4 showed enhanced photocatalytic activity with an H2-evolution rate 7.2 times that of pristine g-C3N4, which was attributed to the synergistic effects of the g-C3N4/Q-PHI isotype heterojunction construction, group modulation, and surface area increase. This work presents a post-treatment strategy for structure tuning of bulk g-C3N4 and serves as a case for the application of supercritical fluid technology in photocatalyst synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Binjiang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Bingru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liejin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE), International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE), Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, China
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2
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Yang J, Gao B, Liu W, Du J, Xu Q. Supercritical CO 2 -induced New Chemical Bond of C-O-Si in Graphdiyne to Achieve Robust Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200793. [PMID: 36806422 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The realization of ferromagnetic ordering of two-dimensional (2D) carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) has attracted great attention due to its promising application in spin semiconductor devices. However, the absence of localized spins makes the pristine GDY intrinsically nonferromagnetic. Herein, we report the realization of robust room-temperature (RT) ferromagnetism (FM) with Curie temperature (TC ) up to 325 K for GDY Nanosheets (GDYNs) by supercritical CO2 (SC CO2 ). Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the new chemical bond of C-O-Si can be formed because of the unique effect of SC CO2 , which help to enhance the charge transfer and generates long-range ferromagnetic order. The RT saturation magnetization (MS ) reaches 1.125 emu/g, which is much higher than that of carbon-based materials reported up to now. Meanwhile, by changing the conditions of SC CO2 such as pressure, ferromagnetic responses can be manipulated, which is great for potential spintronics applications of GDY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
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3
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Chang H, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Liu W, Xu Q. Single‐Layer 2D Ni−BDC MOF Obtained in Supercritical CO
2
‐Assisted Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201811. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Yannan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University 100, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou Henan Province P. R. China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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4
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Gao B, Xu S, Xu Q. CO
2
‐Induced Exposure of the Intrinsic Magnetic Surface of BaTiO
3
to Give Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117084. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Song Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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5
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Gao B, Xu S, Xu Q. CO
2
‐Induced Exposure of the Intrinsic Magnetic Surface of BaTiO
3
to Give Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Song Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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6
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Liu W, Tian Q, Yang J, Zhou Y, Chang H, Cui W, Xu Q. A Two‐dimensional Amorphous Plasmonic Heterostructure of Pd/MoO
3‐x
for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1253-1257. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qingyong Tian
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Yannan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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7
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Zhou Y, Xu Q, Ge T, Zheng X, Zhang L, Yan P. Accurate Control of VS 2 Nanosheets for Coexisting High Photoluminescence and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3322-3328. [PMID: 31850648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In two-dimensional (2D) amorphous nanosheets, the electron-phonon coupling triggered by localization of the electronic state as well as multiple-scattering feature make it exhibit excellent performance in optical science. VS2 nanosheets, especially single-layer nanosheets with controllable electronic structure and intrinsic optical properties, have rarely been reported owing to the limited preparation methods. Now, a controllable and feasible switching method is used to fabricate 2D amorphous VS2 and partial crystallized 2D VO2 (D) nanosheets by altering the pressure and temperature of supercritical CO2 precisely. Thanks to the strong carrier localization and the quantum confinement, the unique 2D amorphous structures exhibit full band absorption, strong photoluminescence, and outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Henan Institute of advanced technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Tianpei Ge
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
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8
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Zhou Y, Xu Q, Ge T, Zheng X, Zhang L, Yan P. Accurate Control of VS
2
Nanosheets for Coexisting High Photoluminescence and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
- Henan Institute of advanced technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Tianpei Ge
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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9
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Liu W, Li C, Xu Q, Yan P, Niu C, Shen Y, Yuan P, Jia Y. Anderson Localization in 2D Amorphous MoO
3‐
x
Monolayers for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan School of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Chunyao Niu
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan School of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Yonglong Shen
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan School of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Yu Jia
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan School of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials and EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
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10
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Liu W, Xu Q. CO 2 -Assisted Conversion of Crystal Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Oxide to Amorphism with Plasmon Resonances. Chemistry 2018; 24:13693-13700. [PMID: 29676819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of ultra-thin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have opened up a new regime in plasmonics in the last several years. 2D plasmonic materials are currently concentrated on the crystal structure, with amorphous materials hardly being reported because of their limited preparation methods rather than undesired plasmonic properties. Taking molybdenum oxides as an example, herein, we elaborate the 2D amorphous plasmons prepared with the assistance of supercritical CO2 . In brief, we examine the reported characteristic plasmonic properties of molybdenum oxides, and applications of supercritical CO2 in formations of 2D layer materials as well as introduced phase and disorder engineering based on our research. Furthermore, we propose our perspective on the development of 2D plasmons, especially for amorphous layer materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
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11
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Zhu C, Xu Q. Amorphous Materials for Enhanced Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:730-739. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Zhu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450052 P. R. China
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12
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Yuán S, Xu B, Zhang Q, Liu S, Xie J, Zhang M, Ohno T. Development of the Visible‐Light Response of CeO
2−
x
with a high Ce
3+
Content and Its Photocatalytic Properties. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sàisài Yuán
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Qitao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Sixiao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P.R. China
| | - Teruhisa Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu 804-8550 Japan
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13
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Liu W, Xu Q, Yan P, Chen J, Du Y, Chu S, Wang J. Fabrication of a Single-Atom Platinum Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A New Protocol by Utilization of H
x
MoO3−x
with Plasmon Resonance. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 75 Daxue North Road Zhengzhou 450052 P.R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 75 Daxue North Road Zhengzhou 450052 P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; No. 75 Daxue North Road Zhengzhou 450052 P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus; University of Wollongong; Northfields Avenue Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Yi Du
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus; University of Wollongong; Northfields Avenue Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19B Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19B Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P.R. China
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14
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Zhu C, Xu Q, Ji L, Ren Y, Fang M. Room-temperature Synthesis of Amorphous Molybdenum Oxide Nanodots with Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2980-2984. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Daxue Road Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Daxue Road Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Liang Ji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Daxue Road Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Yumei Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Daxue Road Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
| | - Mingming Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Daxue Road Zhengzhou 450001 P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
Colorimetric detection of target analytes with high specificity and sensitivity is of fundamental importance to clinical and personalized point-of-care diagnostics. Because of their extraordinary optical properties, plasmonic nanomaterials have been introduced into colorimetric sensing systems, which provide significantly improved sensitivity in various biosensing applications. Here we review the recent progress on these plasmonic nanoparticles-based colorimetric nanosensors for ultrasensitive molecular diagnostics. According to their different colorimetric signal generation mechanisms, these plasmonic nanosensors are classified into two categories: (1) interparticle distance-dependent colorimetric assay based on target-induced forming cross-linking assembly/aggregate of plasmonic nanoparticles; and (2) size/morphology-dependent colorimetric assay by target-controlled growth/etching of the plasmonic nanoparticles. The sensing fundamentals and cutting-edge applications will be provided for each of them, particularly focusing on signal generation and/or amplification mechanisms that realize ultrasensitive molecular detection. Finally, we also discuss the challenge and give our future perspective in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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